中国装备制造业全要素生产率增长的波动与异质性

研究目标：中国装备制造业及其细分行业TFP增长率的测定与分解。研究方法：构建超越对数形式的随机前沿生产函数模型,测算中国装备制造业及其细分行业TFP增长率,并对其进行分解。研究发现：中国装备制造业TFP增长率不但在区域和省份之间存在差异,而且存在明显的内部行业异质性;技术进步和配置效率变化分别是提高和阻碍装备制造业TFP增长率的主要原因和障碍;除技术进步均为正值外,技术效率变化、规模效率变化和配置效率变化在装备制造业各行业中异质性相当明显;装备制造业及其细分行业仍未从真正意义上实现由粗放型向集约型增长方式的转变。研究创新：中国装备制造业细分行业TFP增长率及其异质性。研究价值：为装备制造业转型与升级提供经验证据。     

基于DEA-Malmquist的高技术产业研发效率变动分析

本文选取2002²011年十年的行业面板数据,运用DEA-Malmquist指数法对我国高技术产业各行业的研发效率变动情况进行实证分析。结论显示:从年份来看,整个高技术产业全要素生产率(TFP)总体呈现增长趋势,年均增长率达到4.7%,TFP和TC(技术进步指数)变化曲线高度相似;技术进步是促进高技术产业全要素生产率增长的主要源泉;从行业来看,不同行业近10年的TFP、TC值均大于1,不同行业的综合技术效率(EC)和技术进步对全要素生产率增长的贡献不同。     

我国技术效率、技术进步与生产率区域差异的实证研究

本文用非参数Malmquist指数方法研究了我国全要素生产率的增长状况及其区域差异,并将其分解为技术进步和技术效率,同时采用增长回归法对我国地区之间TFP、技术效率、科技进步的差异进行了检验。研究表明:1994-2007年间我国全要素生产率年均增长率达到1%,主要得益于技术进步水平的提高,技术效率总体上呈现下滑趋势;我国各省市区的科技进步、技术效率、TFP变化呈现出较为明显的差异,其中TFP和科技进步变化差异最为明显,而技术效率变化差异不大。     

改革开放以来经济增长方式渐进式转换：测度、源泉及其差异

运用Moorsteen-Bjurek指数法对1978-2010年我国各省区市的TFP变化进行了计算,并分解出技术变化、技术效率变化、规模效率变化和组合效率变化四个组分;最后,从阶段与区域两个层面分析了我国TFP及其源泉变动的差异与原因。实证结果显示,1978-2010年我国TFP年均增长0.97%,但TFP增速趋于下降。其中,技术进步与技术效率提升是TFP增长的主要源泉,投入组合效率的提升对TFP增长亦有贡献。表明我国改革开放以来经济增长方式在渐进式转换,经济增长具有可持续性。     

中国能源核算以及对其TFP的解释

通过区分能源部门与非能源部门,扩展了核算模型,并在传统文献的基础上采用极限边界分析法对能源部门TFP进行解释。研究发现,能源部门对我国经济增长的贡献约为12%,表现出显著的逆周期特征;能源部门TFP增长率平均为13.24%,进出口、交通基础设施等对能源部门TFP有稳健影响。     

我国外商直接投资的非均衡性及其对策

我国从1979年开始吸收外商直接投资(下称FDI),到2002年底,累计实际利用FDI达4479.23亿美元,实际利用外资额年均增长率为21.92%,高于同期GDP年均增长率。FDI已成为推动我国经济发展的重要力量。2001年,外商投资企业工业总产值占全国工业总产值的27.98%。从1990年到2001年,外商投资企业工业总产值在全国工业总产值的比重年均占16.18%,尤其是2000、2001年,分别占到31.29%、27.98%,而1990年     

试论上海某10所医院管办分离及效益分析

目的:研究上海10所医院管办分离前后效益对比分析。方法:收集2004～2010年连续7年数据报表,以比率分析法和环比法进行数据分析。结果:投入产出及成本管理总值逐年持续增长,业务收支结余率年均增长0.43%;固定资产投入增长快速,年均增长率在20%以上;无形资产产出保持增长。门急诊次数、出院人数年均增长率分别为12.54%、12.47%;平均住院日、病死率逐年下降,诊疗费用、药占比逐年上涨,环比增长超过上海市人均生产总值。结论:加强资产运营效率,规范医院经营管理自主权,降低医院管理、医疗成本,提高医疗资源利用率,发挥社会效能。     

实施农业名牌产品战略探析

随着我国加入WTO的临近,我国农业所面临的挑战已迫在眉睫。 从农产品对外贸易的情况看,尽管改革开放以来得到迅速发展,1998年我国农产品进出口总值为 262 亿美元, 比1980年增长1.5倍,年均增长率为5.1%。但是相对于80年代而言,90 年代以来农产品贸易在我国对外贸易中的地位呈下降趋势。1980年农产品进出口贸易占中国外贸总额的 27. 8% ,1990年下降至14.9%,1998年进一步下降为8.1%。这其中的原因虽然是多方面的, 但最主要的原因之一就是我国农产品中缺乏过得硬、叫得响的名牌产品。因此,抓紧实施农业名牌产品战略已成为当务之急。…     

中国物流业发展质量的省域差异

物流业是中国能源消耗大业,过去对物流业质量的评价缺少能源角度的考量。通过将物流业的能源消耗纳入评价指标体系,选取中国30个省份2003—2016年的面板数据进行描述性统计及DEA-Malmquist指数分析,结果显示,近年来中国物流业发展主要靠资本驱动,资本存量增长率年均达到8.1%,能源消耗增长率年均达到9.1%,能源利用效率较差;物流业发展质量呈倒"U"型发展趋势,技术进步是推动倒"U"型曲线右移的有效途径;中国物流业发展省域差异明显,中国中部省份在物流业发展质量的测度中表现最差,其次是西部省份。     

中国物流业发展质量的省域差异北大核心

物流业是中国能源消耗大业,过去对物流业质量的评价缺少能源角度的考量。通过将物流业的能源消耗纳入评价指标体系,选取中国30个省份2003—2016年的面板数据进行描述性统计及DEA-Malmquist指数分析,结果显示,近年来中国物流业发展主要靠资本驱动,资本存量增长率年均达到8.1%,能源消耗增长率年均达到9.1%,能源利用效率较差;物流业发展质量呈倒"U"型发展趋势,技术进步是推动倒"U"型曲线右移的有效途径;中国物流业发展省域差异明显,中国中部省份在物流业发展质量的测度中表现最差,其次是西部省份。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.