国土资源科技进步与可持续发展

本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。     

国土资源与可持续发展

今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳…     

保障抗震救灾粮油质量安全的实践与体会

<正>"5·12"特大地震,给四川省粮食系统造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失,全省21个市州、148个县(市、区)、618个企业遭受了不同程度的破坏和损失,造成的直接和间接经济损失达到140亿     

江苏省地质环境管理改革发展的目标与路径

江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。     

Similarities and dissimilarities between the EU agricultural and rural development model and Romanian agriculture. Challenges and perspectives

The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.     

Mix and sequencing of economywide and agricultural reforms: Chile and New Zealand

Once committed to economywide and sectoral reforms – stabilization, structural adjustment, and trade liberalization – and companion reforms of institutions, how does government best proceed? With what reforms in response to initial conditions, and in what mix, sequence, strength, and speed? This study examines what factors were most critical to success during transition in two early reformers. The economies of Chile and New Zealand have undergone seismic reforms, starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s, respectively. Comparative analysis of their reforms look at the prior conditions that induced drastic action and the policy choices made in each country. Though similar in many respects, differences in initial economic conditions and implementation led to dissimilar, even contrary results. For Chile, the outcome was a vigorous, recharged economy and agricultural sector; for New Zealand, the economy and the sector are lagging still. How policy choice and implementation, as well as simultaneity of reforms, affected the outcomes is the major thrust of the study. The preeminence of trade and macroeconomic policies over sectoral interventions, and in particular the strategic nature of the real exchange rate in allowing agriculture to compete domestically and internationally highlight the discussion.     

《国土资源行业标准化管理办法》与国土资源标准化

文章对《国土资源行业标准化管理办法》中所涉及的一些重要标准和标准化概念进行了解释,对办法规定的管理事项的现状和所应注意的问题进行了分析和论述。并对相关管理工作(如标准的制定、发布、实施、宣传贯彻、复审等)提出对策建议。     

浅谈县级食品药品检验检测机构的运行和发展

在综合分析当前县级食品药品检验检测机构运行现状的基础上,总结相关的问题和经验,提出应从管理体系、人员、仪器设备等方面加以持续改进,从而为政府部门更精准地管理引导下属检验检测机构和县级检验检测机构更顺利地运行发展提供参考。     

森林保险成本和价格与供求失衡分析

构成森林保险产品的成本有物业和设备成本、产品设计成本、宣传展业成本、查勘理赔成本、契约成本、赔付成本;在森林保险的构成成本中,以赔付成本为主的可变成本占总成本的67%以上,保险公司难以通过扩大经营规模有效分摊成本,森林保险价格具有刚性,较高的刚性价格抑制了森林保险的需求,造成森林保险供求失衡。     

Technical and Organizational Change and Economies of Scale and Scope in Developing Countries

This article examines the impact of flexible automation (FA) and associated organizational techniques on scale and scope economies and optimal scale. It is based on an in-depth survey of 62 engineering firms in Brazil, India, Mexico, Thailand, Turkey and Venezuela. The paper finds that the replacement of old, mainly conventional, machine tools and transfer lines by new computer-numerically-controlled machine tools and related FA has resulted in lower economical batch sizes and the manufacturing of growing variety, making it possible to reap economies of scope. Scale and scope economies at product level have, however, reinforced scale economies at plant level, resulting in higher levels of optimal output. The main factors accounting for such impact are the reduction in the number of operations required, the improved efficiency and accuracy of the new technologies and the much higher capital fixed costs vis-a ¤ -vis the technologies that were replaced. Higher plant scales could limit the potential for industrialization in developing countries.     

土地征用拆迁安置工作面临的新问题及建议

我国南方地区出现了三种新的土地征用模式 :嘉兴模式、南海模式和芜湖模式 ,这三种模式在保障农民的切身利益方面并没有做到很大的突破。现实征地拆迁安置急需解决的问题有 :(1)征地拆迁政策需要统一 ;(2 )征地补偿款分配矛盾突出 ;(3 )以往的遗留问题影响了被征地农民的情绪。对征地制度和拆迁安置工作的建议 :应建立严格细致的土地征用公示制度 ;完善现有的土地承包经营制度 ,建立永久性或者加强农民土地经营权的拥有程度 ,同时允许集体土地使用权转让 ;政府要在征地安置中让利于民 ;失地失业人员安置要实现良性循环等。     

建筑工程招投标:问题、原因分析与对策

贯彻落实《招投标法》对规范招投标活动程序，坚持公开、公平、公正的原则，控制建设成本，强化业主责任，保证工程质量和维护了市场秩序具有十分重要的意义。本文主要就当前建筑工程招投标过程中出现的问题及原因进行了深入地分析，并提出了增强招投标办法的科学性、合理性和公开性为方向，健全完善公平、公正的竞争择优机制；加大投标企业与中介机构违规成本为重点，健全完善招投标惩处激励机制；整合机构力量，健全完善招投标监管机制，健全完善领导干部责任追究机制等具体的对策措施。     

复合经营初谈--以日本农业复合经营研究为背景

复合经营是与单一经营相对应的概念，它比多种经营更明确了部门之间的结合关系。其原理强调了部门之间要素利用上的结合，进而强调了产业复合化、团体复合化和地区复合化。它是经营者风险管理和实现经营成长的一种很好的方法。     

Competition and Tying in Agrichemical and Seed Markets

Genetic engineering technologies that better align crop seeds with field crop product demands and with other crop inputs are rapidly entering commercial markets. Central to the success of these new technologies are corporate strategies on product market segmentation and input interactions. Input suppliers possessed of technical advantages may seek to exploit their positions through marketing restrictions such as product tying and bundling. We interpret the economic literature on vertical restraints and use these existing results to understand the motivation and behavior of some of the participants in the evolving glyphosate and Roundup-ready soybean seed markets.