Intangible Flow Theory

The intangible flow theory explains that flows of economic material elements (such as physical goods; or cash) are consummated by human related intangible flows (such as work flows; service flows; information flows; or communicational flows) that cannot be precisely appraised at an actual or approximate value, and have properties precluding them from being classified as assets or capitals. Thus, although mathematical/quantitative research methodologies are very relevant for science, they are insufficient to study economy and society. Due to its prejudice against non‐mathematical/quantitative scientific reasoning, neoclassical economics could not be technologically prepared to reach the intangible flow dynamics of economic phenomena. Furthermore, the neoclassical solution to call people human capital or assets, besides being ethically very questionable, offers performative non‐scientific metaphors that intervene in the production of the reality they claim to represent; and sabotages the study of well delimited research questions by scientific approaches outside the realm of neoclassical economics.     

Ethical Analysis and Human Resource Management

Ethical problems arise almost continually in human resource management. Human resources are people, and when people suffer some harm or loss for which they are not themselves responsible, as in a plant closing or corporate re-structuring, then ethical analysis is needed in addition to the more common financial, legal, and behavioral forms of reasoning. Ethical analysis involves an evaluation of the impacts of the proposed managerial action upon the members of the organization and the members of the society, and then justification of those impacts according to one of the first principles or essential values of normative philosophy. None of these first principles or essential values are adequate by themselves to justify a decision in an ethical dilemma, but taken together they do help in arriving at a decision that can be considered to be “right” and “proper” and “just”.     

The Political Economy of Confucian Harmony: A Xunzian Vision

A global market economy of pure instrumental rationality now poses a growing threat, jeopardizing common citizenship, the capacity for human flourishing, and harmony between humans and nature. Growing skepticism about the sustainability of market capitalism and its moral legitimacy propels us to search for a new economic model in which humans are no longer held hostage to the unbridled pursuit of self‐interest and limitless possession at the expense of the well‐being of others and nature and that attempts to overcome the old conflict between capitalism and socialism. We can call this alternative model “moral economy,” an economic system that reconciles private interests with the public good broadly construed. In this article I reconstruct the Confucian ideal of moral economy by paying close attention to Xunzi's ethical and political thought. Xunzi, one of the key classical Confucians, stipulates the threshold of sufficiency by extending the ruler's care to the most destitute of society as well as giving moral priority to their basic needs without dismissing the foundational importance of individual merit and contribution. Rejecting both pure economic meritocracy and dogmatic egalitarianism, Xunzian Confucianism aims to create a political economy of harmony where various distributive values (need, equality, and merit, among other things) each have their own place.     

科技项目管理中引入项目经理制的思考

科技项目是以科学研究和技术开发为内容而单独立项的项目,其目的在于解决经济和社会发展中出现的科学技术问题。当前,随着国家创新驱动战略的贯彻实施和科学技术对人类社会发展的巨大影响,使得科学研究越来越多的得到国家和地方的重视,政府科技投入逐年增加。不同层次、不同类别的政府科技项目已经成为推动我国科技、经济发展的主导。如何科学、合理、有效的进行科技项目管理,保证项目实施可以产生预期的社会、经济效益,愈发显得十分迫切和需要,改革现有科技项目管理机制,逐步提高实施项目效益,已成为各级科技管理部门的当务之急。     

Economists' Opinions of Economists' Work

A bstract .   Economists' credibility has been waning in recent years. Critics usually cite the profession's preoccupation with abstract reasoning and its focus on seemingly irrelevant topics that hold little interest for individuals outside the discipline. While economic science has enormous potential for improving living standards, the profession's adverse reputation is indicative of a discipline seemingly void of any social contribution. This article presents the results of a recently conducted survey of professional economists. The survey was undertaken to ascertain economists' opinions of their own professional work, including the progress of economic research, its usefulness for society, and factors that determine the publication of that research.     

关于工科专业毕业班开设经济管理类课程的思考

文中从当前工科专业毕业班实际出发，对开设经济管理类课程进行了有益的思考。对工科专业毕业班开设经济管理类课程的必要性和培养目标，以及采取的具体措施，在考虑毕业班特殊情况的基础上，进行了详尽的阐述，最后结论指出，这样有利于社会经济、个人和高校的发展。     

John A. Hobson: Economic Heretic

Abstract . John A. Hobson was a self-styled economic heretic who developed and original and remarkably comprehensive system of economic and social thought. This system is based on certain distinctively Hobsonian concepts and theories. Hobson's economic heresies were based on his theory of distribution in which he rejected orthodox marginal productivity theory and developed a theory of economic surplus the distribution of which is determined by economic power. This underlay his theory of under-consumption which in turn was used to explain and analyze economic and social issues such as unemployment, the business cycle, the labor movement, imperialism and taxation. Hobson was also critical of the whole methodology of economic science on the grounds that it abstracted from human welfare in its widest sense. He argued that proper values should be introduced into the study of economic activity so that it could assist in the attainment of the best conditions of human life, both social and individual.     

Pareto, Parsons, and the Boundary Between Economics and Sociology

A bstract .   Recent discussions of the separation bUniversity of Bremenetween economics and sociology in the United States highlight the way Talcott Parsons used Vilfredo Pareto's Trattato di Sociologia Generale to propose that economics study logical actions and sociology study nonlogical actions. This article argues instead that in Pareto's treatise: (1) sociology is a synthetic discipline concerned with the study of human society in general; (2) human behavior is nearly always logical from a subjective point of view; and (3) sociology studies both logical and nonlogical behavior judged from an objective viewpoint. Thus, Pareto is an important intellectual ancestor for economic sociology.     

如何开发农业档案信息资源

随着社会主义新农村建设和科学技术的快速发展,农业档案作为农村经济增长要素之一,已愈来愈被社会所认识。本文简单阐述了如何开发农业档案信息资源。     

我国大学生的就业压力分析

大学生就业难及其面临的各种压力是社会发展的客观现实。为了减缓种种压力,毕业生要转变就业观念、提高自身综合素质,高校要改变教育观念,加强就业指导,以适应社会需求,用人单位要确立正确的选才观念,以便人尽其才,国家宏观上要保持经济增长,以便拓展就业岗位和领域,全社会共同努力,才能缓解当前大学生的就业压力。     

The Relation of ‘Human Capital’ Preservation to Health Costs*

Abstract . The concept of 'human capital' has evolved in economics as a way of measuring the value society places on an individual. This value, it is argued, constitutes a real but seldom discussed limit on how much money either an individual or society will pay for the health costs of an individual. Conversely, it can be argued that the capacity of the health system to preserve ‘human capital', as created by nature and nurture and by ‘investments’ in education and training, is an economic justification for health costs, just as military costs are justified for the defense of the population. In the latter instance, the greatest public health benefit for the dollar would be obtained by Pareto optimal expenditures. Similarly a microeconomic model for the clinical process involved in diagnosing, treating and rehabilitating the diseased individual is suggested that relates the time consumed by the elements of the clinical process to the probabilities of maximizing the preservation of the greatest number of functional man-days obtainable for an aging individual's cohort. For the model to work there would have to be an economic incentive for the health provider to engage in objective-oriented, interdisciplinary, cost-effective actions in the clinical process that would minimize the diseased individual's downtime and maximize his functional longevity in an operations research framework.     

飞行安全之系统安全

随着管理科学的进步,人们开始着眼于整个组织的安全体系,采用系统工程的科学方法,发展了安全系统工程,从而大大推进了安全研究,并使安全科学作为一门独立的综合学科逐渐成长起来。随着信息社会的到来,总体优化要求各个部分、各种功能相互渗透、相互结合、相互协调,因此形成了"系统安全"的观点。     

高职工商管理专业课程标准与职业岗位技能标准对接初探

近年来随着社会经济的发展,商业经济活动对工商管理专业方面的人才需求也更加旺盛。因此,高职教育必须要培养出实战派的应用型人才,这就要求学校必须以职业岗位技能标准为准绳,调整专业教学课程标准,使两者完美对接,从而实现工商管理专业高职教育目标的重要手段,适应社会经济发展的用人需求。     

Committed Objectivity in Race-Class-Gender Research

This article argues that objectivity and commitment are different but that they are articulated rather than being separate issues in social research. This article challenges those who believe that objectivity is impossible or undesirable as well as those who believe that commitment is undesirable in social science. This approach is close to the call by Sandra Harding (1991, 1993) that the methods of science should be applied to science itself by raising the women question in science and the science question in women's studies. Here, she develops her earlier analysis of feminist research agenda in science in terms of empiricism, standpoint epistemology and post-modern feminism. In this paper, a slightly different formulation will be advanced to resolve what could be said to be a false dichotomy between objectivity and commitment. Committed objectivity or objective commitment could be used to capture the inextricability of the articulation of the processes of commitment and objectivity. The article concludes that both objectivity and commitment are necessary elements of good research by all researchers irrespective of (or even because of) race-class-gender differences.     

Official Statistics,Globalization and World Democracy—A Challenge?

Official statistics is facing new challenges, both quantitatively and qualitatively. This requires, among other things, further input of statistical methods. The interaction with statistical research becomes crucial. Due to globalization, international organisations have to play a major role in the development of official statistics. The ISI should also play an important role in seeking to achieve a comprehensive approach to statistical science.     

审计伦理测量及中美大学会计专业学生审计伦理水平的比较

采用一种基于审计案例的测量工具,首次实证调查和测试中国会计专业学生的审计伦理水平。结果发现,中国大陆地区大二、大三和大四会计专业学生在审计伦理方面没有显著差异,但总体水平比美国和中国台湾的大四会计专业学生低一些,而中国台湾学生与美国学生没有显著差异,这应引起中国大陆会计教育界和政府主管部门的关注。     

浅论科学技术对于法律的意义

科学与技术的迅猛发展对于社会活动和社会建制产生了极为深刻的影响,不仅构建起人类社会整体存续的环境背景,更成为社会政治、经济、文化、法律发展进程中的重要内容,科技的进步标志着人类社会的进化程度,是社会不断进步的载体。科学技术发展产生了新的社会关系,使得既有的社会关系产生了新的形式,影响甚至改变了人类的某些生活方式及思维方式,更促进了法律内容的更新及有效性达成。     

公司道德与会计职业责任

道德依存的基础是人在经济活动过程中形成的经济利益关系。约束这种关系的规范依个体存在方式的不同而有不同的道德规范。一是作为独立个体人应当遵循的社会公德,二是作为某个组织成员,代表组织应遵循的道德规范。它们分别应当是家庭美德、公司道德和职业道德。目前社会主义市场经济建设中的道德建设应当重视和加强公司道德建设。会计职业道德建设的缺陷是过分强调职业道德在整个道德体系中的作用而忽视了公司道德建设。     

基于云计算与物联网技术的数据挖掘

在科学技术快速发展的今天,信息通信行业已经与我们的日常生活完全融为一体,并且推动了整个社会的发展,所以在科学技术快速进步的过程中,信息通信相关技术也在不断发展,其中,基于云计算的物联网发展越来越受到人们的重视。论文对基于云计算的物联网数据挖掘模式进行分析及探讨,从而为互联网数据挖掘技术发展提供相应的参考。     

An introduction to mechanized reasoning

Mechanized reasoning uses computers to verify proofs and to help discover new theorems. Computer scientists have applied mechanized reasoning to economic problems but–to date–this work has not yet been properly presented in economics journals. We introduce mechanized reasoning to economists in three ways. First, we introduce mechanized reasoning in general, describing both the techniques and their successful applications. Second, we explain how mechanized reasoning has been applied to economic problems, concentrating on the two domains that have attracted the most attention: social choice theory and auction theory. Finally, we present a detailed example of mechanized reasoning in practice by means of a proof of Vickrey’s familiar theorem on second-price auctions.