The good,the bad and the uncertain: Employers' perceptions of former entrepreneurs

Do employers perceive former entrepreneurs as suitable candidates for paid employment? We argue that (positive and negative) stereotypes and uncertainty drive employability perceptions regarding former entrepreneurs; these perceptions are contingent upon job type and the background of both the applicant and the person evaluating them. Two empirical studies yield broad support for our predictions. In Study 1 (a vignette study), we find lower employability perceptions regarding former entrepreneurs compared to other applicants, which are significantly mediated by positive and negative stereotypes as well as uncertainty perceptions. In Study 2 (conjoint experiments with two separate samples: recruiters and executives), we substantiate the results of Study 1, revealing that when former entrepreneurs apply for a job involving personnel responsibility or when there is evidence of a failure in their vita, they are less likely to face devaluations. Further, we find evidence for similarity effects; more specifically, entrepreneurs do not suffer from employability devaluation when the recruiter is a part-time entrepreneur or the executive is the business owner. We discuss the implications as part of the employability debate about former entrepreneurs.     

Decision-making authority of former soviet and American managers: Not so different after all?

The restricted decision-making authority of industrial enterprise managers who functioned in the centralized planning system of the former Soviet Union is legendary. The distribution of authority among managerial levels within the enterprises, however, has received far less attention. The authors provide a profile of the decision-making authority perceived by 90 managers at four hierarchical levels in Soviet manufacturing enterprises. Their responses to 15 decision items are compared with those of 140 American manufacturing managers. The authors evaluate the similarities and differences between the two national groups as well as among four managerial levels in each of the two groups. They conclude with implications of these findings for managers involved in business relationships between the United States and the countries of the former Soviet Union. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

HSDPA系统中HS-SCCH的功率控制算法

为提高高速下行链路分组接入(HSDPA)系统功率的利用率,降低干扰,提出了HS-SCCH控制信道的两种功率控制算法:基于下行DPCCH导频域的功率偏移和基于CQI的功率控制.仿真表明,当信道条件好、时延小的时候,第一种算法优于第二种算法大约1～2 dB;当信道条件差、时延大的时候,第二种算法优于第一种算法大约2～5 dB.两种算法结合使用时,能达到更好的效果.     

产业集群品牌发展模式转换的实证研究

产业集群存在“覆盖”型和“依托”型两种集群品牌发展模式,实践表明,“覆盖”型集群品牌作为产业集群发展初期的粗放型模式选择,已经表现出诸多与集群进一步发展不相适应的问题。本文根据国内外学者的相关研究,提出建设集群品牌的基本假说,据此构建了集群品牌发展模式转换模型,并以浙江大唐袜业集群的品牌发展为实证,运用t检验和二项分布检验对该模型及假说进行了检验。研究结果表明,“覆盖”型集群品牌模式的产业集群是有转变发展模式的愿望的,该模式转换为“依托”型集群品牌发展模式是可行的。     

An Explicit Mapping of Currency Target Zone Models to Option Prices*

Currency target zones have been under scrutiny for the past three decades, which led to the development of two broad classes of quantitative models: Phenomenological ones that explicitly take into consideration the market's perception of the bounded exchange rate, and more mechanical ones that rely on put and call options. Until now, the two models have only been compared qualitatively. Here, we derive, for the first time, a quantitative link between these two approaches. Specifically, we show how the former approach has to be generalized in order to recover the second one. This mapping lets us relate the phenomenological parameter of the first approach to economically well‐known quantities.     

我国环境管制出口效应的实证研究

本文分别从出口成本效应和出口创新效应两方面对我国环境管制的出口效应进行了实证检验。结果表明:环境管制相对力度与出口相对竞争力存在着长期协整关系,前者对后者有显著性负向影响,环境管制的出口成本效应成立;我国环境管制力度对出口有显著性正向影响,环境管制的出口创新效应也成立。因此,即使在我国出口由于世界经济衰退而暂时受阻的情况下,我国也不应放松环境管制。     

Old habits die hard: A tale of two failed companies and unwanted inheritance

This article examines whether state-owned enterprises inherit the problems and stigmas resulting from the actions and inactions of their predecessor firms. In this direction, we advance two main theories of inherited background: the “wanted inheritance” and “sins of the father” perspective. We shed light on this issue using the cautionary tale of two failed companies: Ghana Airways (GA) and Ghana International Airlines (GIA). Our data indicate that GIA acquired some wanted inheritance such as former employees and their expertise, but this was accompanied by unwanted inheritance such as tainted ‘image’ and years of dissatisfaction of their customers from Ghana Airways, which affected its operations and precipitated its untimely demise. We conclude by outlining the implications of our findings for management and governments.     

China＇s Auto Industry Shows the Historical Transition-the Export Execcds Import for the First Time

This Exhibition Tour is the fourthinternational exhibition tour, and I have attended two former exhibition tours, once in Viemam, the otherin Cambodia. Compared with the formertours, this Tour has several apparent characteristics.     

Western Concepts,Russian Perspectives: Meanings of Advertising in the Former Soviet Union

Abstract

Western advertising professionals base their interpretations of advertising in the former Soviet Union on a Western model of advertising and neglect Russian perspectives on advertising. Symbolic interactionism suggests that things have different meanings for different people at different times. The author discusses the influence of Russian culture on advertising in the former Soviet Union and the problem of imposing Western concepts. A month-long research study was conducted in Moscow, Russia in May 1991. Interviews with government officials, business and advertising industry professionals, academicians, and students were audiotaped. Findings suggest that advertising in the former Soviet Union is an interaction between social and economic realities and not just a means of uncovering a new marketplace.     

Information Sharing,Price Negotiation and Management Buy-outs of Private Family-owned Firms

Perspectives relating to agency theory, information asymmetries and game theory were utilized to explore two outcomes associated with the management buy-out (MBO) or management buy-in (MBI) of former private firms: whether information was shared equally between vendors (i.e., family firm owners) and purchasers (i.e., MBO/I management teams) and whether a mutually agreed price was achieved. With reference to the themes of company ownership structure, governance structure and company objectives several hypotheses were derived. Survey evidence was gathered from the managers of 114 former private family-owned firms located across Europe that recently reported an MBO/I. Multiple logistic regression analysis detected that respondents in founded (first generation) family firms and those reporting a high focus on the strategic importance of the market value increment were more likely to report that ‘information was shared equally between vendors and purchasers’. Respondents reporting no suitable family successor had been identified, a high focus on the strategic importance of the market value increment, and the involvement of venture capitalists in succession planning were more likely to report that a mutually agreed sale price had been achieved. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.      

Out of the Shadows

The notion of Brand Reality marks a qualitative break in thinking about branding. Companies successfully applying the concept will discover that in comparison, former approaches to branding were but pale shadows of the real thing. But to do so they must clear two major hurdles. They must unlearn some deep assumptions about brands and branding, including how strong brands are built, how they add value, and what it means to get 'close' to customers. And they must allow the light of new brand thinking to penetrate new areas of their business.     

农村资金互助社绩效评价研究——基于安徽太湖的案例

农村资金互助社是解决三农融资难的重要载体,但不同类型的资金互助社发展状况各异。为引导农村资金互助社健康发展,根据农村资金互助社的制度特征,从经营绩效、社会绩效两个方面构建绩效评估指标体系,并选择安徽太湖的两类资金互助社进行案例研究,结果发现银监会批准的资金互助社和专业合作社内部的资金互助社都取得了较好的经营绩效和社会绩效,但后者的社会绩效要优于前者,而前者的经营绩效要优于后者。     

贸易条件、国际利率冲击与经济波动

开放经济条件下国际金融危机所带来的传染和溢出效应是当下国际宏观经济学的热点和核心问题,而随着中国经济改革开放正在向纵深发展,在危机传染机制下的中国经济正在经历各种外部条件的冲击。金融危机的传染机制对中国经济产生了显著的负面波及效应,文章基于开放经济的视角,构建了一个动态均衡模型并对中国经济波动特征进行了研究,模型引入了反映国际经济传导的两类关键冲击,即国际贸易条件冲击和国际融资利率冲击。参数校准后的数值模拟显示,开放经济模型能够较好的匹配我国实际经济的主要二阶距波动特征,进一步的波动性分解发现国际贸易条件冲击和国际融资利率冲击对中国经济波动有很强的解释力。政府在开放经济框架下应该加强对经常账户和国际资本流动的监管,使得中国经济在改革开放走向纵深的背景下稳定增长。     

银行对票据不当付款的责任承担

银行在发生不当付款情况时承担的责任主要分为合同责任和侵权责任,这种责任的区分在司法实践中具有意义重大,不但涉及到案件的案由确定,而且还涉及适用法律、赔偿范围和举证责任等许多问题。对此类案件不能笼统分析,要区分是单独行为还是共同行为。前者,银行与债务人之间就形成不了真正的连带责任;后者,银行应该在侵害债权范围之内,与债务人承担连带责任。这样才能彰显法律的严谨性。     

Organization and Management Research in Transition Economies

Abstract

This article ascertains some problematic issues that may arise when conducting organization and management research in the former socialist countries. It reflects on methodological difficulties the two authors have encountered themselves in doing empirical research in a number of East European transition economies (the Baltic States, Bulgaria, and the CIS-especially in Belarus, Russia, and the Ukraine) since the beginning of the transformation in the late 1980s. By providing examples from their own experience, the authors suggest some solutions for solving methodological problems, which other researchers might face while accomplishing empirical studies in a peculiar but also a very attractive research context.     

In the heat of the game: Analogical abduction in a pragmatist account of entrepreneurial reasoning

We draw on Searle's philosophy of language to distinguish between “opportunities” as intentional content directed towards a preferred future that entrepreneurs aim to fulfill and opportunities as conditions to be met for their satisfaction. We maintain that studying the former requires adopting a player stance rather than the analyst stance that prevails in the current literature. We build on pragmatist conceptions of truth and imagination to elaborate on the player stance and propose analogical abduction as a mechanism for conceiving and fulfilling “opportunities”. We develop a pragmatist process model of entrepreneurial reasoning that balances the two stances, and derive action principles for entrepreneurs from it.     

Never So Important—First Sino-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue

The first Sino-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue was held on July 27 and 28, 2009 in Wash- ington. Either before or during the dialogue, PRC and USA attached great importance to it. The former Strategic Dialogue and the biannual Strategic Economic Dialogue were initiated by the two heads of state in 2005 and 2006 respectively. The dialogue mechanism, upgraded from by ministers from both governments to a strategic and economic dialogue between governmental cabinets, will be held once a year in the future. From the US side, Obama administration shows great interests in the dialogue and places great importance on Sino-US relationship, which can be seen from the visits from US senior officials to China in 2009, including US Secretary of State, Secretary of Treasury, Secretary of Commerce and Secretary of Energy.     

Holiday Inn: New rooms in the inn

After two financial restructurings in the 1980s, Holiday Inn was spun off from its former corporation and purchased by Bass PLC. With that new management at the helm, the turmoil caused by financial and market forces should be behind the chain, which is still one of the largest in the world     

资本逻辑视域下的资本主义演变规律

在资本主义发展演变中起着支配作用的资本逻辑存在着两种不同的增殖模式：一种是只顾眼前增殖不顾长远后果的非理性模式,另一种是兼顾短期利益与长远利益、着眼于可持续增殖的理性模式。在资本主义产生之初,非理性模式占主导地位。随着资本主义在曲折中不断发展,资本逻辑的理性模式逐渐显现,其对资本主义发展的影响也不断增大。在资本逻辑的这两种模式的交互作用下,资本主义逐渐从非理性走向理性。     

Welfare Costs of Business Cycles in Turkey

How large are welfare costs related to economic aggregate fluctuations is a topic of great concern among economists at least since Lucas's (1987) model. Our analysis assesses the magnitude of such costs for Turkey by means of two approaches: aggregate and disaggregate. The former approach uses aggregate data employing three alternative trend‐cycle decomposition methods which are Lucas' classical set‐up with deterministic linear trend for consumption, Hodrick and Prescott filter and one in which consumption trend is stochastic and whose implementation is performed using Beveridge–Nelson decomposition. The results of both approaches suggest that Turkey has high welfare costs associated with business cycles.