浅析我国服务贸易促进体制

我国服务贸易的发展处于初级阶段,存在着起步晚且管理滞后,规模小且基础较差,服务贸易总体水平较低,出口结构不合理,发展速度较快导致国内立法滞后,法律法规不健全,服务贸易行业人才匮乏等问题。完善我国服务贸易促进体制应促进相关行业协会的发展,培养优秀的人才,促进市场化机制的运作,建立核心服务贸易中心管理体制,完善现有服务贸易促进机构及服务贸易相关立法。     

从智猪博奕理论看民营企业跨国并购策略

进入21世纪以来,作为国际并购市场上一支新兴的力量,中国民营企业开始尝试国际化的发展战略。但与国外达国家企业一百多年并购的历史和经验相比,中国民营企业无论在经验还是规模和实力上都有较大的差距。中国民营企业跨国并购的成功率实际上是比较低的。根据智猪博奕理论,在并购竞争中处于劣势地位的中国民营企业应在并购目标、并购区位和并购方式的选择上避强就弱,并组建并购战略联盟等策略发挥自身的优势与特点,才能在激烈的并购博奕中占有一席之地。     

武汉高校大学生“村官”政策认知及就业意向调查研究

以武汉在校大学生为研究对象,通过问卷调查的形式,分析研究＂村官＂政策在武汉在校大学生中的认知程度和影响程度,以及武汉在校大学生在毕业选择当＂村官＂的意愿倾向,并在此基础上向政府部门提出相关的对策建议。     

The future of standardised quality management in tourism: evidence from the Spanish tourist sector

As quality management has become more important in the tourist sector, the implementation of standardised quality management systems has become more common in this industry. A forerunner in this development has been the Spanish tourist sector, in which 17 specific quality management standards have been developed over several years in various tourist sub-sectors, including hotels, rural accommodation, restaurants, spas, and travel agencies. The present study, which is exploratory in nature, analyses the diffusion of these standards using a model that has been well attested in the specialised literature, together with a qualitative analysis of three practical cases. The study concludes that the standardisation of quality management in tourism will increase in coming years. The worldwide diffusion of ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 in many service sectors and the findings of the present study with respect to the increasing implementation of the Spanish standards provide an indication of what is likely to happen in the service sector as a whole in most countries.     

Food retailing strategies in the European Union. A comparative analysis in the UK and Spain

In this paper we analyse differences and similarities in the strategies adopted by the main food retailers operating in the UK and in Spain through the first half of the 1990s. We find seven main profiles of strategic behaviour in each market, including three which have been adopted in similar fashion in both countries (hypermarkets operating on a national scale, small local supermarkets and large supermarkets). We explore possible causes of the similarities and differences in strategic behaviour, and conclude that economic, demographic and cultural factors offer only a very limited explanation. The differences appear rooted in differences in the historical development of the retail industry in both countries, and in specific strategic choices linked to, but not necessary consequences of, those historical differences.     

河北省高校毕业生就业供需匹配研究

毕业生就业实质是高校人才培养与社会需求匹配的过程。本文将河北省高校毕业生就业问题放在河北省产业结构优化升级的大环境中来进行阐述和分析,从河北省高校就业结构出发分析其就业结构偏离度。进而根据河北省高校毕业生就业专业相关性不高、主要集中在民营企业、灵活就业居多、就业稳定性差等就业现状,从市场需求出发,着眼于高校教育供给、毕业生就业能力培养和畅通就业市场人才流动三个方面,分析河北省高校毕业生培养类型、学历层次、学科专业、通用就业能力和劳动力市场分割等方面与市场需求之间存在的矛盾。基于此,从三个方面提出破解河北省高校毕业生就业市场供需矛盾的思路：一是对河北省高校毕业生培养方向进行调整,二是加强大学生就业能力培养,三是加快京津冀劳动力市场一体化建设进程。     

外国直接投资、加工贸易利益分配:U形价值链模型

文章指出,价值链各环节利益与市场结构和竞争力有关,一个国家在特定行业竞争力越大,就越能占据具有垄断优势的战略环节,提供价值链上越多的价值增加量。文章将企业价值链活动分为上游、中游、下游三个环节,并假定委托方为发达国家的跨国公司,代理人为发展中国家的加工企业,装配加工企业的产品通过加工贸易方式全部出口,加工贸易委托方决策服从收益最大化或成本最小化原则,从而建立了加工贸易U形价值链模型。分析表明,加工贸易利益的分配轨迹呈U形曲线,且会随着代理方数量的增加变得越来越陡峭,使代理方净贸易条件趋于恶化;跨国公司运用转移价格手段使U形曲线变得更加陡峭,代理方利益受损。这正是我国在国际分工中处于U形曲线底端的原因,我国贸易条件的变化与外国直接投资流入以及加工贸易发展有较大关系,单纯依靠数量扩张来改善收入贸易条件的空间越来越小,我国应把利用外资的主要目标放在外资的技术含量和产业结构调整上,应对成本动机的外国直接投资予以高度关注并给以必要的政策引导。     

Joint ventures in the P. R. China

China is showing interest in joint ventures in the oil, coal and nonferrous metals sector, in electricity generation, steel and building materials production, in the mechanical engineering, textile and electrical industries, in the transport sector and in the hotel trade. Our article gives an outline of the problems which the future joint ventures in China will encounter.     

Group Action in the Baltic States

The article is based on a study which aimed at examining the existence and use of group actions in consumer issues in the Baltic states. It was part of a larger research project in which the same questions were studied in all Central and Eastern European countries. Besides group actions in courts, administrative group actions were also studied.A starting point for the study was an overview of substantive consumer protection legislation in the Baltic states. In spite of the fact that there has been a rapid development in this field during recent years, the main finding was that many substantive law elements of consumers' collective interests, which in the EU Member States are often protected by different kinds of group actions, are as yet not regulated at all in the Baltic states or not regulated in a sufficiently detailed way in the Baltic states.The study showed that several kinds of group action exist in these countries. Firstly, there are administrative group actions for injunction. They are applied mainly in cases concerning product information, product safety, and unfair competition. Secondly, a group action by a consumer organisation for injunction in a court is, in principle, possible in Estonia and Lithuania, but not in Latvia. So far, no case law exists, however. A genuine group action for compensation is not possible in the Baltic countries, but a consumer organization may represent an individual consumer or a specified group of consumers in a court and may claim compensation on their behalf. The study showed that administrative group actions are a functioning part of the present consumer protection system in these countries, whereas court actions so far exist only on paper. It also showed that in the Baltic states, procedural means are in some matters better developed than substantive consumer law, whereas in many western countries, the exact opposite is the case. The article concludes with some recommendations as to how the Baltic states could develop their consumer protection legislation.     

黑龙江省发展连锁"农家店"问题及对策研究

黑龙江省在建设"万村千乡"市场工程取得了很大进展的同时,同样存在许多问题。主要是农村购买力水平低,经营管理水平落后,业态单一,布局不合理,人才缺乏,配送中心建设滞后等。应结合黑龙江省农村实际选择合理的商品种类,实施规范化管理,采用现代化管理手段,提高全体员工的素质,加强配送中心建设,推动农村连锁"农家店"的规范化运作和快速发展。     

信息不对称与电子商务的发展

本文认为,信息不对称引致的信用缺失是制约电子商务发展的重要因素,发展我国电子商务除了继续加强基础设施建设外,建立和完善社会信用体系,提高信用度是必不可少的重要方面。文章提出,要建立良好的信息沟通渠道和机制,使信息公众化、公开化;提高企业组织化程度;制定企业信用评价制度:健全法制,约束企业交易行为,提高其信用度;消除信息不对称,促进我国电子商务健康发展。     

浅析我国中小企业会计服务外包

国际数据公司在一份研究报告中提出,2008年全球财务和会计外包市场规模已达到470多亿美元,可见,会计服务外包得到了迅猛的发展。而在我国,会计服务外包还处于初步发展阶段。为此,结合我国中小企业的特点,就会计服务外包对中小企业发展的必要性、中小企业会计服务外包存在的问题及对策等方面进行探析,并展望了会计服务外包未来在我国的前景。     

中美制造业服务投入率的比较分析——基于投入产出表的实证研究

文章利用中国1992-2007年以及美国1972-2009年间相关年份的投入产出表进行分析,发现美国制造业、服务业、居民消费、政府消费的服务投入率总体呈稳定增长态势,而中国1992年以来服务业的服务投入率稳定不变,制造业的服务投入率甚至有所下降。这意味着中国服务业增长仍缺少来自于产业尤其是制造业中间需求的强力拉动,这是制约中国服务业尤其是生产服务业发展的重要原因。中国生产服务业的发展政策不仅要扩大供给,更应充分释放和激活国内各产业尤其是制造业对中间服务的需求,以扭转中国在国际产业分工中的不利地位,推进服务业的体制改革以及营造更为良好的市场环境,这应该成为政策制订的着力点。     

Differing patterns of industrial dynamics: New Zealand,Ohio, and Sweden, 1978–1994

New Zealand, Ohio, and Sweden have experienced sharply divergent macroeconomic developments since the early 1970s. During the 1980s, New Zealand went from being the most heavily regulated and protectionist OECD country to one of the least regulated and most open economies in the world. Ohio suffered severe economic downturns when its major industries (steel, automobiles, and machinery) went through devastating crises. Since then, a major restructuring has taken place, and manufacturing output, exports, and employment have generally grown faster than in the United States as a whole. Sweden had an outstanding industrial growth record for several decades until the mid-1970s but then suffered economic setbacks from which it has not yet fully recovered. Industrial output declined for several years, resumed growth in the early 1980s but then stagnated again in the early 1990s.The object of this paper is to study the microeconomic responses to these differences in the macroeconomic environment. While manufacturing employment declined by more than 20 percent in each country, the number of establishments in manufacturing stayed constant in Sweden while it declined by 9 percent in Ohio and more than doubled in New Zealand.While there are certainly structural differences in the composition of the manufacturing sector in the three economies, these differences explain only a small portion of the differences in development patterns. Only a handful of 3-digit ISIC industries grew in terms of employment in each country between 1978 and 1993, but the growth industries were not the same across countries, and there were substantial differences in the growth patterns within these industries.     

公众意愿是国家审计体制变迁的重要推动力

本文以制度变迁中的博弈理论为基础,对印度国家审计体制的演变过程进行了分析,确定了相应的假设,指出了渐进式体制变迁的主要特征,建立了有限理性下的体制变迁模型,分析了交叉换位与制度变迁的协调性,阐述了战略分布、变迁成本与博弈均衡,总结了国家审计体制变迁的规律和启示,认为公众行为(需求)在成功的渐进式变迁中发挥着不可替代的推动作用,在制度变迁方案设计中,公众可以直接或间接影响博弈参与者战略选择的三个主要变量,即改革的预期制度收益、传统体制下的既得利益和实际的制度变迁成本,在一定时期、一定程度上发挥制度变迁的引导作用。     

基于人力资本背景下民工荒问题的对策建议

近年来,随着国内经济的发展,很多省市都出现了＂民工荒＂现象。从表象看,产生＂民工荒＂是因为需求增加、供给减少;从人力资本视角看,导致民工荒的主要因素是我国农村人力资本存量较小、质量较差,地域分布不均衡、积累起点低。较低的人力资本会对民工外出打工有一定的限制,较高的人力资本投资有助于劳动力外流。解决＂民工荒＂问题,政府应加大对农村人力资本投资力度：加大对农村基础教育投入力度,大力发展农村成人教育和技术培训,进一步完善农村医疗卫生保障体系;调节人力资本在不同地区的分配;加快提高农民工的待遇。     

关于农民合作经济组织建设问题的几点思考

由于受到历史与现实种种原因,各地农村地域性农民合作经济组织普遍薄弱,长此下去,专业性农民合作经济组织的发展就会成为无根之水、无本之木,丧失发展活力和持续发展能力。发展农村新型合作经济组织是实现农业现代化的必然选择。我国应从国情出发,在思想上、资金上、行动上全力支持农民专业组织的发展,通过发展壮大农民合作经济组织,把分散经营的小农户连接起来,形成适度的经营规模,打造成产业化集团,从根本上突破我国农业现代化上的规模制约问题,从而加快农业现代化的步伐。     

The macroeconomics outcome of oil shocks in the small Eurozone economies

In this work, we provide an analysis over the period 1999–2015 of the effects of oil shocks on prices and GDP in a group of small Euro-area economies. The group includes Austria, Belgium, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. In order to characterise the macroeconomic outcomes of movements in oil prices, we adopt the structural vector autoregression (VAR) methodology. We find that under the European Monetary Union (EMU), oil price shocks have been important drivers of business cycle fluctuations in almost all these countries. Moreover, an increase in oil prices produces significant recessionary effects in all the countries included in the investigation. Thus, although there are different sizes in the responses of output in the investigated countries, our main conclusion is that despite the structural changes experienced by the European economies in the last decades, oil prices still matter for these countries. In the light of these results, we also stress some important challenges for the conduct of monetary policy in the Euro area.     

小型股份合作制物流企业人力资源管理中的问题及对策

随着全球性经济结构调整,世界进入了消费多样化、生产柔性化、流通高效化时代。随着社会化大生产的发展和专业化分工的深化,使物流规模和活动范围在计算机和网络技术的支撑下不断扩大,物流企业向集约化、协同化方向发展。现代物流直接影响着我国社会经济的进步与发展。本文立足于小型股份合作制物流企业,分析其在人力资源管理中存在的问题,并提出切实可行的对策建议,以便进一步完善物流企业的人力资源管理,在新时期的竞争环境下,立于不败之地。     

东亚区域一体化的“轮轴-辐条”结构难题与中国的对策

东亚区域一体化近年来有较快的进展,但也出现了轮轴-辐条结构,导致离心力增大的障碍。中国作为东亚地区的经济大国,在东亚区域一体化过程中,既要发挥大国的作用,也要争取作为轮轴国的地位,这样才能在一体化过程中取得主导地位,获得应有的利益。