中国环境状况公报表明城市环保质量不容乐观

前不久,国家环保局在京发布的《1997年中国环境状况公报》显示,1997年,我国加强了城市重点区域环境污染的治理,淮河流域污染防治取得阶段性成果,部分地区环境质量有所改善。《公报》表明,我国城市化进程加快,城市人口比例提高,城市空气污染仍以煤烟型为主,部分大、中城市出现煤烟机动车尾气混合型污染。城市水污染仍以有机污染为主,污     

长三角区域协调探讨

从"全球城市"到"全球城市区域",城市区域的重要性日益凸显.但在长三角一体化加速过程中,以行政区划为沟壑的城市间基础设施等重复建设问题,跨区环境污染治理问题、招商引资中拼地价土地浪费问题层出不穷,各级城市政府"各自为政"理性选择的结果是整体发展无序,城市和局部地区所获得的短期收益往往是建立在区域整体利益长期损失的基础之上.鉴于此,如何实现区域协调发展是长三角持续健康发展必须解决的首要问题之一.     

建设生态城区转型发展的务实之路——东莞生态园规划建设实践回顾

经历了工业化推动的快速城市化后,东莞面临着土地利用效益低、环境污染等一系列问题。东莞生态园从2007年致力于解决这些问题,探索城市发展转型的务实之路。回顾东莞生态园从污染地区到环境友好生态城区的逆转,总结其务实低碳理念、协同规划方法,以及它所践行的"区域整合—污染治理—生态修复—低碳发展"生态城区建设模式。     

论污染企业外迁后清水塘地区生态环境的治理

清水塘工业区污染企业外迁后该区域的生态环境治理已成为当前的重要课题,本文分析了清水塘地区环境污染的理实原因、治理现状,并从地方政府责任、推行企业准入和建立生态恢复模式等方面提出了相关治理措施。     

长三角地区经济集聚与环境污染的交互影响——基于面板联立方程的实证分析

伴随着经济的快速发展以及产业集聚程度的提高,中国的环境问题日益严重。文章选取长三角16个核心城市2002-2013年的数据为分析样本,通过构建面板数据联立方程模型,实证考察了该地区经济集聚与环境规制之间的交互影响。结果发现:长三角城市群经济集聚加重了环境污染,环境污染对经济集聚存在反向抑制作用;经济集聚与环境污染存在着明显的空间溢出效应,城市的经济集聚和环境污染与周边地区密切相关。因此,长三角地区应构建区域经济协同发展组织,建立经济活动的空间分布和污染的联动预警机制,形成市场和政府联合治理污染的整体格局。     

外国直接投资“污染避难所假说”的实证检验——以江苏省为例

以近年来我国实际利用外资最多的省份--江苏省为案例,分析检验了外国直接投资的"污染避难所假说".结果显示:(1)环境污染与外国直接投资的格兰杰因果检验的最优滞后期一般不超过2年.(2)尽管地区性环境污染并不完全是由外国直接投资造成的,但环境污染的加重表达了我国环境标准的松弛性信息确已成为外国直接投资进入我国的重要原因之一,从这个意义上讲,"污染避难所假说"是成立的.(3)随着政府"谁污染,谁治理"原则下的污染治理成本由外向内对污染企业收敛力度的不断加大,根据"污染避难所假说"的逻辑,将是否会导致我国利用外国直接投资的总量或增幅减少,尚有待进一步观察和检验.     

试论城市机动车的尾气污染与治理策略

当前,随着城市经济的快速发展,城市人民的生活水平日益提高,机动车已经成为城市人们出行必不可少的交通工具。机动车在给人们带来便利的同时,也因为排放的尾气污染给城市人们带来了严重的环境污染。要想为城市人民的身体健康提供保障,保护城市环境,就必须要加强机动车尾气污染的治理。本篇文章针对当前城市机动车的尾气污染,提出了相应的治理策略。     

浅谈我国城市环境的污染问题及综合整治措施

一、环境污染的概念及涵盖的内容 环境污染的概念是指由人类的活动所引起的环境质量下降而有害于人类及其他生物的正常生活和发展的现象.环境污染从不同角度、不同方面可以有多种分类,在此我们仅以污染形态来进行分类,可以分为废气污染、废水污染、固体污染、噪声污染及土壤污染等.     

探讨农村环境污染的原因及其治理对策

现代社会的发展,生产活动的频繁及建设活动数量的增加,使得环境受到了严重的影响,城市环境的污染问题逐步得到了较为有效的治理;而污染问题也同样发生在农村,由于农村相对面积大,产生的污染很难集中治理,且在环境治理的资金、人们环保意识薄弱等不力条件下,农村污染问题越来越严重,不仅限制了许多生产活动的展开,使得经济发展受到限制,其还会严重影响到农产品的安全性,波及范围十分广阔,也使得农村人口的生活质量下降,需要对其进行系统的治理,保障环境质量,构建和谐社会。本文简单分析了农村环境污染的原因,并提出了相应的治理措施,为进行农村环境污染治理的人员提供一定的参考与借鉴。     

农村环境污染的原因及治理对策分析

目前,我国的城市化进程不断加快,经济条件和生态环境都得到了明显的提升.但是对于农村的环境问题来说,还需要提出较为直接的解决措施来对其进行有效地解决.具体来说,由于农村的发展模式和城市的发展模式之间存在着较大的差异,因此,对于环境的污染程度也不同于城市.由于农村的生态环境是整个社会发展的重要组成部分,环境问题一直以来都呈现出污染严重,治理慢的特点.因此,需要农村的当地的政府和村民共同来完成环境污染治理工作.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.