权证市场创设制度绩效研究

为了研究权证创设制度对市场的影响，本文构建了一个包括理性投资者、理性投机交易者和噪声交易者三种市场参与者的权证市场均衡模型，并利用权证市场推出后沪市所有交易数据对该模型进行了估计，同时比较了创设制度对不同权证种类的影响，分析了创设制度对标的股票价格行为的作用，本文发现，创设制度的引入对认沽权证的价格稳定作用超过对认购权证的价格稳定作用；权证的出现使得股票市场价格波动性变小，但创设制度却使得股票市场的波动性增大。     

权证对投资者投资偏好影响的实证研究

金融衍生产品的出现提高了证券市场信息传递的速度，知情交易者通过对衍生品的投资提高传递的效率。本文通过对我国权证市场和相应标的股票市场交易高频数据的研究，探讨知情交易者在权证市场出现后是否改变了投资的对象。实证结果表明，尽管有部分知情交易者投资了认购权证，但是并没有证据表明知情交易者偏好认沽权证。造成这一结果的原因可能是权证制度自身的缺陷。     

在股权分置改革中引入权证的意义和作用

权证是在西方近年来兴起的金融衍生工具之一，是一种允许持有人有权利但无义务以约定价格和约定时间购买或者出售约定数量标的资产的证券．持有人有权购买（出售）标的资产的权证为认购（售）权证。权证的构成要素主要有标的资产、执行价格、发行价格、兑换比例、到期日、执行方式及特别条款所组成。     

基于VAR模型的房地产市场与股市关系研究

本文通过建立VAR模型研究了1998年第一季度至2007第四季度,全国房地产市场和股票市场价格波动之间的关系,利用Jonhansen协整检验发现房地产市场与股市之间具有明显的协整关系,运用Granger因果检验发现股市是房地产市场单向的Granger原因,最后利用VAR模型中的脉冲响应函数和方差分解技术,定量的得出房地产价格和股票价格在各自预测误差中贡献度,最后得出结论。     

对利用权证解决股权分置问题的分析

本文在认沽权证和认购权证下对非流通股股东和流通股股东基于自身利益最大化在权证市场和股票市场上进行了博弈分析;通过分析,从理论上验证了引入权证在我国股权分置改革中的可行性,并且也指出了在理性的假设下非流通股股东设计权证的最佳策略和流通股股东在权证市场和股票市场上最佳投资组合,同时也为市场监管者提出了相应的监管建议.     

权证与正股关系研究的文献综述

权证是一种有价证券，投资者付出权利金购买后，有权力（而非义务）在某一特定期间（或特定时点）按约定价格向发行人购买或者出售标的证券。其中有发行公司以其公司股票为标的所发行的股本权证，也有权证标的公司以外的第三人所发行的备兑权证。作为一种金融衍生产品，其发行需以相应的标的证券（资产）为基础，而衍生品与标的证券（资产）两者间的关系研究，     

我国认购权证负溢价问题研究

从理论上讲,认购权证的价格应高于其内在价值,即认购权证溢价应为正。然而从实际情况来看,我国的认购权证在2007年却大量出现负溢价的情况。本文将从套利者、投资者、投机者的角度以及权证市场参与者共同存在的一些限制等方面对我国认购权证出现负溢价的问题进行解释,并给出诸如以发行美式认购权证等方法解决这一问题的政策建议。     

认股权证与股价的相关性分析

一、问题的提出 在告别中国证券市场9年之后,权证产品终于重新亮相.2005年8月22日宝钢认购权证宝钢JTB1在上海交易所上市交易.随后在2005年11月23日,首支蝶式权证武钢认购和认沽权证以及其它权证相继上市.半年以来,各类权证产品在证券市场上要么被疯狂炒作,要么一路消沉.认股权证作为一种金融衍生产品,其价格与标的股票的价格到底有着多大的相关性和联系呢?它们之间又是怎么样相互影响的呢?单个认股权证、蝶式权证与股票价格之间的影响有多少差异呢?     

我国有色金属期货市场与股票市场均值溢出效应研究

文章对有色金属期货价格与股票价格均值之间的关系进行了实证分析，选取了以铜、铝、铅为典型代表的有色金属期货价格与股票市场上申银万国28个一级行业——有色金属行业的三级子行业铜、铝、铅的股票指数作为研究标的，通过单位根检验、协整检验、Granger因果检验、脉冲响应分析得出以铜、铝、铅为代表的有色金属期货市场与相对应股票市场具有长期协整关系，并分析两者之间的溢出效应。     

重设型备兑权证的避险策略问题研究

<正>权证作为一种股权分置改革的对价形式再次登陆我国市场,掀开了金融创新的序幕。权证产品给广大投资者提供了一种新型的投资工具,上市以来交易极为活跃,由于权证规模较小,供不应求的局面导致市场笼罩在极度的投机氛围中,沦为投机者的博傻工具。为了平抑权证市场的过度投机,券商被允许发行与现有上市权证具有相同条款的权证,即创设,以此增加供应量,改善权证市场供不应求的状况。为了保证履约的安全,交易所规定券商创设认购权证质押全额的标的股票,创设认购权证质押全额的行权资金。由于质押等比     

汇率与股价的溢出效应及长期联动性——基于汇改后中国市场的实证研究

随着中国资本市场改革的深化,市场间的互动关系逐步回归市场化关联。本文运用协整检验、Granger因果检验、多元GARCH模型研究了汇率与股价的互动关系。研究结果表明:在长期联动性方面,汇率与股价存在稳定的长期均衡关系;在价格溢出方面,只存在汇率到股价的单向引导关系;波动溢出方面,汇市的波动冲击会影响股市,而股市的波动对汇市无明显影响。进一步的研究中,本文估算了汇率波动对股市开盘价及收盘价的影响大小。     

Information asymmetry in warrants and their underlying stocks on the stock exchange of Thailand

This paper examines the informational role of warrants based on the unique order data from the Stock Exchange of Thailand, where both warrants and stocks are traded under the same market structure and where warrants are as liquid as stocks. The estimated probability of informed trading (PIN) in warrants is found to be statistically higher than their underlying stocks regardless of order submission type and order size. The PIN explains a substantial portion of the cross-sectional variation in the opening spread beyond trading volume and minimum tick size. We find evidence that a signed warrant trade contains information about the future stock price and that warrants with a higher PIN have greater predictive powers.     

银行信贷与股票价格关系研究--基于后金融危机时代数据的再检验

本文以08年次贷危机以后的变量月度数据为基础,综合运用向量自回归模型以及误差修正模型来研究后金融危机时代我国银行信贷与股票价格之间的关系,实证结果表明,在金融危机后的中国,银行信贷与股票价格的关系在短期内存在一定的正向关系,但在长期内存在负向关系。通过格兰杰因果检验发现,股票市场的变化是信贷市场波动的格兰杰原因,而反之不成立。     

Fair Terms and Fair Pricing for Multiple Warrant Issues

Abstract

Some firms utilize one or more tranches of warrant issues to supplement their capital base. Unlike exchange-traded options, the exercise of warrants requires the issuance of stock by the company, resulting in a form of dilution. Some previous studies of warrant valuation relied on “the value of the firm,” which is nonobservable, making it difficult to apply the corresponding valuation formula. This paper derives closed-form formulas to value single and multiple tranches of warrants based on the underlying stock price, its volatility, and other known parameter values. The paper first establishes the equivalence of the Black-Scholes formula for both call options and warrants in the case of a single tranche. Thereafter, it considers the impact on the value of previously issued warrants that results when a new tranche of warrants is subsequently issued, showing in each case that fair treatment of the first-issued warrant holders requires an adjustment (due to dilution) in the terms of those warrants and a corresponding modification in the warrants’ value once a second tranche of warrants is issued. To promote such fair treatment, terms of a warrant indenture would specify the nature of the adjustment required when future warrants are issued or exercised, analogous to the antidilution terms related, for example, to stock dividends. Unlike multiple issues of traded options, which are valued independently of one another, multiple warrant issues will be shown to have prices dependent on other warrants outstanding. Also examined is the sensitivity of the fair-value adjustment to changes in the underlying variables, and the theoretical fair-value prices are compared with Black-Scholes prices and with market prices of warrants in the case of two publicly traded companies, each with two warrant issues outstanding. As warrant issues modify the equity structure of a firm, the methodology of valuing warrants presented here will be useful to investment actuaries in situations in which a comprehensive market value for all of a firm’s securities is called for. In addition, risk management practices may sometimes include the use of warrant transactions to hedge stock positions similar to the way that call options are used for that purpose. This may include hedging the risk in equity-linked insurance contracts when the equity position includes stock in companies that have one or more warrant issues that are traded. The methods developed here are also applicable to multiple issues of executive stock options (ESOs) or to combinations of warrant issues and ESOs.     

The impact of derivatives hedging on the stock market: Evidence from Taiwan’s covered warrants market

We examine the impact of derivatives hedging on the spot market using accurate hedge ratios of covered warrants traded in the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE). Results present significant positive abnormal returns and trading volumes before the announcement of a warrant’s issuance, and the effect is stronger when the hedging demand is larger. Moreover, a significantly positive relationship exists between stock return volatility and the price elasticity of hedging demand. Finally, we observe a significantly negative price effect upon the underlying stock after a call warrant has expired in-the-money due to the liquidation of hedging portfolios.     

香港股市与内地股市的联动性研究

本文分3个阶段考察了香港回归以来,香港股市和内地股市之间的联动关系及其变化。协整分析表明,香港股市和内地股市之间存在长期的均衡关系,这种均衡关系在内地资本市场实行股权分置改革后更趋于稳定。Granger因果检验表明,香港回归以来香港股市和内地股市之间的引导关系在经历B股开放和股权分置改革后发生了变化。脉冲响应函数分析从动态的角度进一步验证了香港股市和内地股市之间的引导关系及其变化,并深入分析了单个变量的波动或冲击对其自身及另一变量的影响程度。     

Some Hypotheses on the Valuation of Stock Warrants

Stock warrants are often portrayed as securities that yield supernormal returns while their counterpart stocks only earn moderate yields. Those returns seem inconsistent with efficient capital markets. A present-value warrant model is developed in this paper. This model assumes that warrants grow at a rate appropriate to their risk class. The model suggests that warrant values vary directly with growth of the stock and the time remaining to exercise, and vary inversely with the warrant holder's cost of capital.     

Empirical evidence of the existence of speculative bubbles in the prices of stocks traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange

Speculative price bubbles are defined as a significant deviation between an asset's intrinsic value and its market value and in this paper it refers to stock values. Literature about the theme has noted the existence of bubbles in various types of markets and their respective assets. A great deal of effort has been directed toward identifying bubbles in stock price indices. However, few research endeavors focus on assets as the unit of analysis. Studies about stocks in Brazil have identified the presence of bubbles in IBOVESPA (São Paulo Stock Exchange Index). Given this context and assuming that the speculative bubbles are present in the Brazilian stock market, this research is focused on the following question: Is there evidence of the existence of speculative bubbles in stock prices traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange? Econometric tests were performed on twenty-seven stocks, based upon their positions each semester, for the period between the first semesters of 1990 until the first semester of 2010. The nominal values of the selected stocks were adjusted for inflation by the IPCA (Brazilian Consumer Price Index). In order to identify the presence of bubbles, we applied the Johansen non-cointegration test and/or the Granger non-causality test between the intrinsic value, dividends and interest on equity capital, and the market value (semester closing price) of the stocks. The primary findings reveal a presence of bubbles in twenty of the twenty-seven stocks, at a 5% significance level. Of the seven stocks not showing evidence of bubbles, six are financial institutions. In five stocks the tests reveal Granger causality stemming from the market value toward the intrinsic value. The study findings are consistent and contribute with previous research in the literature and, are useful for investors, financial institutions, academics, government agents, and traders.     

沪深权证价格偏离分析

沪深证券市场权证理论价格与权证市场价格的偏离现象主要不是理论定价公式的输入变量误差导致的,而是因为股票收益率与权证收益率之间的相关系数与理论预期不一致,乃至相冲突所导致的。权证理论价格与市场价格偏离的主要原因是在当前的交易制度安排下,由于市场限制(摩擦)抑制了套利交易,导致权证市场投机交易占主导,以致权证市场价格偏离长期均衡水平。