关于审计委员会在中国发展的思考

本文通过分析美国审计委员会失效的成因和中国审计委员会的引入背景，展望审计委员会在中国的发展，提出若不改变对审计委员会成员（独立董事）身份的认识和加强对审计委员会制度的立法建设，审计委员会终将归于无效。     

审计委员会海归背景与商誉减值计提

审计委员会中海归成员日益增多,其对审计委员会治理的有效性有何影响值得关注。基于此,以商誉减值计提为切入点,选择2008—2016年间中国资本市场发生商誉事项的A股上市公司为样本,试图通过检验审计委员会海归背景与商誉减值计提之间的关系来分析审计委员会治理的有效性。研究发现:(1)审计委员会海归背景能够显著促进商誉减值计提程度的提高;(2)盈余管理程度越高,审计委员会海归背景对商誉减值计提程度的正向促进作用越显著;(3)审计质量弱化了审计委员会海归背景对商誉减值计提程度的正向促进作用;(4)审计委员会海归背景增加审计费用,且商誉减值计提在这一过程中发挥了中介作用。研究结论丰富了海归人员经济后果领域的相关文献,有助于明晰审计委员会海归背景对商誉减值计提的影响机理。     

独立董事个人特征与审计定价的相关性研究

文中以2010—2011年沪市A股上市公司为样本,借助回归分析方法,研究审计委员会中独立董事的个人特征对审计费用的影响。研究发现,在上市公司的审计委员会中,独立董事的薪酬、非正常变更与审计定价呈显著的正向影响;独立董事的平均年龄、专业背景与审计定价呈显著的负向影响;独立董事的勤勉度与审计定价呈负向影响但不显著;独立董事为女性和有多重身份的独立董事与审计定价基本不相关。由此表明,独立董事的个人特征是影响审计费用的重要因素。     

Corporate social and environmental disclosure as a sustainable development tool provided by board sub-committees: Do women directors play a relevant moderating role?

The aim of this research is to examine the impact of three audit committee characteristics on corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSR) disclosure: the existence of an audit committee, audit committee independence, and audit committee financial expertise. Moreover, this research analyzes the moderating effect of board gender diversity between these audit committees' attributes and CSR reporting. The results of analyzing 13,178 firm-year observations of non-financial companies show that the presence of an audit committee and audit committee financial expertise are positively associated with CSR disclosure. However, a higher proportion of non-executive directors in audit committees has a negative effect on the disclosure of CSR information. These findings suggest that some audit committees' features play an important role in ensuring the reporting of environmental, social, and economic information. Our evidence also indicates that the presence of female directors on boards increases the positive impact of financial expert membership of audit committees on CSR disclosure, while women directors moderate any negative effect of the percentage of independent directors on audit committees on CSR reporting by increasing the latter. In addition, female directors moderate the positive impact of the existence of an audit committee on the disclosure of CSR information by reducing the latter.     

审计委员会、盈余管理与信息透明度

通过分析审计委员会的设立对盈余管理、信息披露透明度的影响等方面的研究发现,设立审计委员会的公司进行扭亏盈余管理的行为显著要低,信息披露的透明度显著要高。这一研究结果表明,审计委员会的设立在一定程度上提高了公司治理效果,改善了财务报告质量。但审计委员会并没有对配股的盈余管理行为产生作用,这说明审计委员会对财务报告的监督作用较为有限。监管部门还需要设法采取相关措施,进一步提高审计委员会的独立性,更好地发挥审计委员会对财务报告披露质量的监督作用,使之成为维护广大投资人权益的有效治理机制。     

Audit committees and financial reporting quality: The 8th EU Company Law Directive perspective

In order to increase corporate governance quality, the 8th EU Company Law Directive enacted a mandatory audit committee in publicly listed companies in the EU and defined its tasks and responsibilities. In response to the directive, we examine the incremental value of audit committee monitoring effectiveness and audit committee competencies over the mere existence of an audit committee. We find that audit committee monitoring effectiveness and competencies are positively associated with financial reporting quality, whereas, somewhat surprisingly, the effect of the existence of an audit committee is negative. This finding shows that the existence of audit committees is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for enhancing financial reporting quality. Collectively, the study’s findings suggest that the 8th Directive has had a positive effect on corporate governance quality and, in turn, financial reporting quality in the EU.     

对创新高校内部审计模式的思考

目前，我国高校内部审计模式难以同高校的快速发展相适应，难以充分发挥内部审计的监督与评价职能作用。创新高校内部审计模式，必须在设置审计委员会、提升审计质量、拓宽审计领域上下功夫。     

审计委员会设立对盈余管理的影响

通过检验我国新设立审计委员会上市公司的操控性应计年度增量,发现这些公司的盈余管理虽在设立当年未被抑制,但在设立次年被显著地抑制了.对设立次年抑制效用的进一步分析发现董事会其他专门委员会对审计委员会有不同影响.本文研究为审计委员会制度有效性以及公司治理国际趋同有效性提供经验证据支持.     

浅析我国上市公司审计委员会有效治理的基础因素

我国上市公司设立审计委员会是为了强化上市公司的公司治理作用,但是收效甚微。原因是多方面的,其中最主要的原因是我国上市公司审计委员会设立和履职都过于形式化,没能找到有效治理的方法。本文致力于讨论审计委员会发挥治理作用的相关基础因素,希望通过对有效治理基础的分析,找出一种解决现阶段审计委员会有效治理问题的方法。     

The Determinants and Effects of Clients Following Audit Partners Who Switch Audit Firms

Abstract

We examine the determinants of clients’ decision to follow departing partners to new audit firms and the effect of this decision on the likelihood of financial restatements. Using Taiwanese audit partner turnover data from 1984 to 2010, we find that clients are more likely to follow departing partners when the partners have more clients, longer tenure, and when both lead and concurring partners leave simultaneously. By contrast, clients are more likely to stay with their incumbent audit firms when the firms are one of the Big Four or when only the concurring partners leave. The extended partner tenure due to clients following departing partners, however, does not enhance audit quality. In fact, clients that stay at the incumbent firm experience a significant decrease in the probability of financial restatements in the first year after the audit partners leave, but clients that follow do not.     

证券市场审计有效需求不足与审计失败的分析

本文从审计需求方的角度,分析了我国证券市场审计失败的重要原因在于缺乏有效的审计需求,并对其进行了深层次的分析,为治理审计失败、提高审计质量提出了相关的政策建议。     

美国独立审计委员会制度的演进与启示

本文分析了公司治理下的美国独立审计委员会制度变革历程,阐述其变革后的职能与特点,并对我国审计委员会制度的建设提出了相关建议与对策。     

Do audit committee attributes influence integrated reporting quality? An agency theory viewpoint

The limits of financial disclosure in meeting the investors' needs have led to the request for reporting frameworks capable of incorporating information of different nature. Integrated reporting (IR), which is the latest novelty in organisational reporting practice, promises to bring together material financial and non-financial information. IR has received considerable academic attention in recent years. However, little attention has been paid to the role of the audit committee in IR processes, despite the influence that this body has on disclosure, thanks to its supervisory and monitoring functions. This study bridges this gap by analysing the effect of the audit committee attributes on integrated reporting quality (IRQ) from an agency theory perspective. The regression analysis, conducted on a sample of 125 international firms, demonstrated a positive effect of size, independence and meeting frequency of the audit committee on IRQ and a non-significant effect of financial expertise.     

Audit Market Response to PCAOB Censures of US Big 4 Firms

Abstract

Subsequent to the first-ever Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) censure of a US Big 4 firm (Deloitte) in December 2007, there were two other PCAOB US Big 4 firm censures as of 2016 year-end. We examine whether these two post-2007 PCAOB censures of US Big 4 firms conveyed new information to the audit market. For both censures, we find little or no evidence of any change in the factual audit quality of the censured firm over a three-year window surrounding the censure. Our findings suggest that the quality control deficiencies (identified during inspection of specific audit engagements) that triggered the PCAOB censure were isolated occurrences rather than systemic to the firm at large, i.e., the censures do not imply an impairment in the US Big 4 firm's overall factual audit quality. We also find that the negative response of investors and audit committees documented in prior research for the 2007 Deloitte censure disappeared for the later US Big 4 firm censures. Given that the PCAOB inspects (and can censure) non-US auditors who audit US-listed foreign companies, our findings are of potential interest to regulators, investors and audit committees outside the US.     

审计定价与审计质量——文献回顾与政策含义

审计市场激烈的价格竞争是否削弱审计师的独立性,审计师对公司的财务依赖性是否降低审计质量,这两个问题始终是审计职业界、监管者和社会公众争论的焦点。围绕这两个问题,文章回顾了审计定价与审计质量的实证研究文献,总结我国目前相关研究的缺失,最后阐明这些经验证据的政策含义。     

Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation and Audit Quality

In a setting where mandatory audit firm rotation has been effective for more than 20 years (i.e. Italy), we analyse changes in audit quality during the auditor engagement period. In our research setting, auditors are appointed for a three-year period and their term can be renewed twice up to a maximum of nine years. Since the auditor has incentives to be re-appointed at the end of the first and the second three-year periods, we expect audit quality to be lower in the first two three-year periods compared to the third (i.e. the last) term. Assuming that a better audit quality is associated with a higher level of accounting conservatism, and using abnormal working capital accruals as a proxy for the latter, we find that the auditor becomes more conservative in the last three-year period, i.e. the one preceding the mandatory rotation. These results are confirmed using Basu's [1997. The conservatism principle and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 24(1), 3–37] timely loss recognition model. In an additional analysis, we use earnings response coefficients as a proxy for investor perception of audit quality, and we observe results consistent with an increase in audit quality perception in the last engagement period.     

审计收费与审计质量关系研究

审计收费是影响审计质量的重要因素,本文通过理论和实证检验等方法进行分析得出审计收费和审计质量在一定程度上是正相关关系,结合我国审计收费现状,提出了一些可行性建议。     

Navigating Through the Spatial and Institutional Contradictions of Public Audit Oversight

Abstract

This study revisits the actions of the French audit regulator (H3C) and the French profession over the 2003–2013 period in response to the regulatory transformations that occurred both in the national and transnational space. Our analysis highlights how these actors have navigated through the spatial and institutional contradictions that characterize public audit oversight in order to manage variable and opposing interests from one space to another. In particular, we show how conflicting national and transnational conceptions of professionalism and commercialism have developed to support different regulatory agendas. Our analysis of the spatial dynamics of public audit oversight allows us to propose a much less confrontational representation of the relationships between public audit regulators and the audit profession. We maintain that more attention should be paid to the spatial variants of commercialism and professionalism to better understand the development of audit regulation.     

Study of American Audit Failure

In the process of accountancy reforming and internationalizing, our country refers to the accounting standard in the U.S.A to a large degree. However, the audit failure always happens in American accounting firms. This paper analyzes more than 10 cases of audit failure among American accounting firms, obtaining the main reason of failure that is the defect of accounting system, helping our country how to guard against audit failure and avoid audit risk and improve audit quality.     

研究型审计的人才效应研究

研究型审计思维的提出对审计人才的素质提出了更高要求,审计人才教育模式也要随之改变。基于审计业务人员和审计管理者两类审计人才分析了研究型审计人才的个体效应,从岗位前、岗位中两个阶段分析了研究型审计人才的教育效应,从国家政策、审计实务单位和审计教育机构三个层面提出了相关建议,认为在研究型审计思维下,我国应该培养具有强烈问题意识、掌握哲学+科学的研究方法和高效分析手段、拥有更强研究能力和管理水平的审计人才,实现岗位前、岗位中的全过程人才教育,国家政策、审计实务单位、审计教育机构应该通力合作,共同促进研究型审计人才的培养,提高审计层次和水平,使审计能够在党和国家监督体系中更好地发挥重要作用。