日本的“肯定列表制度”对中国食品出口的影响效应

本文在阐述日本的“肯定列表制度”的主要内容和特点的基础上，分析了中国关于食品的农残检测标准与日本的差异，同时，通过理论模型探讨了“肯定列表制度”对食品的出口价格和出口数量的影响。分析结果表明：由于遵循“肯定列表制度”会导致出口商的生产成本增加，因而，它会引起食品的出口价格上升。从中长期来看，“肯定列表制度”对出口商的出口量具有双重影响效应，它既可能导致出口量上升，也可能导致出口量下降。     

我国对日农产品食品出口现危机——日本有关新规定将危及6000家企业涉及80亿美元出口额

烟台7亿美元农产品遭遇壁垒三月的烟台春暖花开,但从事对日农产品出口的老张却感到刺骨的寒冷。因为日本专门针对进口农产品的新规定《食品中残留农业化学品肯定列表制度》(下称:“肯定列表制度”)将于今年5月29日起正式生效。     

应对技术性贸易壁垒提升标准是关键

商务部的调查显示，国外技术性贸易壁垒对我国出口的影响日益显著，已经涉及我国2／3以上的出口企业和1／3以上的出口商品，每年造成的损失高达200亿美元。我国遭受国外技术性贸易壁垒最多的是农产品和食品行业，我国有90％的农业及食品出口企业受国外技术性贸易壁垒影响，造成每年损失约90亿美元。不久前，日本为了确保食品安全，实施“肯定列表制度”，其暂定标准指标严于我国现行标准的有74种247项。上海蔬菜行业协会会长杨勇萍形象地把日本对中国设限称为“围剿”，并认为，面对“围剿”，标准提升是中国食品安全的救赎之路。（2006年6月24日《中国质量报》）     

中日农产品贸易摩擦的博弈分析一基于“肯定列表制度”的视角

日本“肯定列表制度”的实施提高了中国农产品进入日本的门槛，严重影响中日农产品贸易。本文基于“肯定列表制度”的视角，对中日农产品贸易摩擦进行博弈分析，得到改善中日农产品贸易摩擦的启示。     

解读“肯定列表制度”

“肯定列表制度”概况日本于2006年5月29日起实施食品中农业化学品(农药、兽药及饲料添加剂等)残留“肯定列表制度(Positive list system)”,并执行新的残留限量标准。与之前的标准相比,新标准对食品中农业化学品残留限量的要求更加全面、系统和严格。日本国实施“肯定列表制度     

日本“肯定列表制度”对我国，农产品出口的影响

关于日本"肯定列表制度"对我国农产品出口的影响,虽然有很多论述,然大多都是定性分析。本文利用最新的数据,运用移动平均剔除法模型,进行定量分析,估算出日本"肯定列表制度"对我国农产品贸易的损失,并提出应对之经验和对策。     

我国农产品出口应对日本新贸易壁垒的对策

2006年5月29日，日本实施了《食品中残留农业化学品肯定列表制度》，从而对我国的农产品出口构筑了新的贸易壁垒，致使我国对日本的农产品出口量不断下降。本文针对中日农产品贸易现状。分析了日本构筑的新贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响，并提出了相应的对策。     

事件回眸

浙江出台上市公司资产重组监管“新规”，温州鞋企老板再次飞赴欧盟“讨公道”，浙江推出19项新政鼓励科技创新，日本肯定列表制度实施 危及浙江1／4农产品出口     

论江西茶业如何应对绿色贸易壁垒

发达国家凭借其科技优势并利用日益高涨的环保浪潮为国际贸易设置绿色贸易壁垒,江西茶叶主要出口市场欧盟出台新食品卫生法,日本出台“肯定列表制度”,这些贸易壁垒给江西茶叶的出口带来非常大的障碍。     

论江西茶业如何应对绿色贸易壁垒

发达国家凭借其科技优势并利用日益高涨的环保浪潮为国际贸易设置绿色贸易壁垒,江西茶叶主要出口市场欧盟出台新食品卫生法,日本出台"肯定列表制度",这些贸易壁垒给江西茶叶的出口带来非常大的障碍.     

Can the Japanese agri-food producers survive under freer trade? A general equilibrium analysis with farm heterogeneity and product differentiation

The roles of firm heterogeneity and product differentiation in the manufacturing industries have attracted research attention on the “new new trade theory.” The agricultural sectors also produce new goods using product differentiation through breeding, branding, and other activities. In reaction to globalization, the Japanese Government has sought to revitalize its agri-food sectors by promoting exports of differentiated products. This computable general equilibrium study examines the relevance of this policy, focusing on five agri-food sectors other than grains. We simulate Japan’s three trade deals and a policy intervention that cuts fixed export costs to promote exports. We show that only a few agri-food sectors can increase exports and maintain domestic output under freer trade, and that export promotion would markedly increase entrants into export markets and increase exports of the vegetables and fruit, and processed food product sectors. In these trade deals, tariff and nontariff barriers have different impacts on trade, output, and farm/firm entry.     

中国当前FTA贸易效应分析与比较

根据2002-2010年中国进出口数据,利用混合效应面板数据模型,考察中国当前FTA的贸易创造效应和贸易转移效应,得出如下结论:中国参与FTA产生的贸易创造效应明显,而贸易转移效应较少;中国参与FTA明显推动了中国出口,而对进口影响因伙伴国不同而有所差异;FTA成立时间越长,体现出的贸易创造和贸易转移效应越明显;FTA的贸易效应与伙伴国经济发展水平密切相关;FTA伙伴国地理距离越近,贸易效应越明显。中国应选择经济互补性强、资源丰富、市场潜力大的国家缔结FTA,逐步扩大区域经济合作的地域范围,建立更广泛的区域经济合作伙伴关系。     

The entry price system for fresh fruit and vegetable exports from China to the EU — Breaking a fly on the wheel?

China's exports of apples and pears to the EU have increased substantially, although the EU production of apples and pears is protected by the EU entry price system (EPS), aiming to protect EU producers against international competition by restricting imports below a minimum import price. This study investigates the relevance of the EPS for Chinese exports of apples and pears to the EU accounting for changes over time and seasonal variation. Our results suggest that the high relevance of the EPS for apples originating in China was of temporary nature, whereas the relevance of the EPS for pears originating in China is of a more general nature. In addition, the relevance of the EPS varies seasonally. Finally, we find that the production of pears in China is more competitive than the production of apples vis-à-vis the EU. Therefore, China's fresh fruit and vegetable (FFV) producers would benefit more from an improved EU market access for pears than for apples. Thus, China should put more effort in negotiating improved EU market access conditions for pears rather than for apples.     

外贸结构的非均衡机理探索

经济结构呈现非均衡的常态特征。在市场不完全、信息不充分、外生条件不统一等因素的制约下,一国外贸结构形成的资源配置效率通常低于均衡世界里的帕累托最优效率,是一种“次优”均衡;这种非均衡模式可能在受到外在冲击时或通过内生演进的方式发生改变,并通过进出口商品结构、贸易方式结构等表现出来。外贸结构非均衡的核心特征是进出口商品的要素密集度高低,并与比较优势和后发优势联系在一起,成为外贸结构非均衡演进规律的主要内容。     

服务贸易对浙江经济增长影响的实证分析

本文实证检验了服务贸易对浙江GDP增长的影响,发现浙江服务贸易出口会促进经济增长,进口则会制约经济增长。而且出口、进口均是GDP增长的格兰杰原因。在尝试性地对这些结果进行相应解释的基础上,提出了发展服务贸易、促进浙江经济增长的建议。     

发达国家食品安全标准对中国食品出口的影响

文章对发达国家食品安全标准成为我国食品出口的技术性贸易壁垒的原因进行分析;利用调研数据结合中国食品出口情况,分析了发达国家食品安全标准对中国食品出口的影响。由于对食品行业的保护一直是发达国家贸易保护的重点,同时保护健康意识的增强使消费者对食品安全指标的要求越来越高,而中国食品安全标准不规范,食品安全评估工作起步较晚,从而造成中国出口的食品受有关食品安全标准影响较大;提出了及时掌握国外新的法律法规,推行标准化认证工作,转变生产模式及转变观念等中国食品出口突破国外技术壁垒的对策。     

Select bibliography of contributions to economic and social history appearing in Scandinavian books,periodicals and year-books, 1982

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a newly constructed database on foreign trade of Sweden–Finland 1738–1805, consisting of all exports and imports that were recorded by the custom houses in this period, and is made available at www.historia.se/Swedish foreign trade 1738_1805.xlsx. The traditional view as presented by Eli Heckscher, who was very critical of the mercantilist policies of the time, was that the overseas trade of Sweden-Finland saw a trend of secular stagnation during the course of the eighteenth century. By contrast, we show that in conjunction with a substantial expansion of the population, total trade nearly increased twofold during the period of study. Despite that, there was a small decrease in the value of exports in relation to GDP, mostly explained by a drop in the relative price of bar iron. The degree of specialisation of Swedish exports saw a declining tendency in this period. While exports from Sweden had a higher degree of specialisation than Finnish exports, imported goods to Finland were more concentrated than Swedish imports. Lastly, the composition of imports did not markedly alter, meaning that a consumer revolution did not take place in either Sweden or Finland.     

城郊与农区蔬菜种植成本收益比较分析

采用比较分析法,对2011-2012年全国大中城市和全国各地区蔬菜种植成本收益进行分析。结果表明:与农区相比,城郊蔬菜种植逐渐步入"高投入、高产出"阶段,人工成本和出售价格分别是影响城郊蔬菜种植成本和收益的主要因素。以发挥市场配置资源决定性作用为重点,创新"菜篮子"市长负责制,健全农产品质量安全和食品安全追溯体系、加强城郊与农区合作是提高蔬菜种植收益的重要举措。     

Impacts of the WTO accession on Chinese exports

Using firm-level panel data of the Chinese electrical machinery and communication equipment manufacturers, this paper reveals that, after the entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO, henceforth), the export of Chinese firms was accelerated by a rise of productivity, but was not uniform among ownership structures. Classifying the firms into private domestic firms, state-owned enterprises, and foreign-invested enterprises, our empirical estimation concludes that the entry into the WTO had a ‘productivity effect’ on Chinese exports, and an asymmetric ‘ownership effect,’ which was less favorable to the exports for state-owned enterprises.     

浅析汇率波动下的外贸企业风险防范

自2005年7月21日我国汇率制度改革以来,人民币汇率已累计升幅超过7%。这使得我国出口产品的竞争力减弱,外贸企业的利润减少,抑制了出口积极性,同时也加大了外贸企业的外汇风险。因此,如何正确地认识外汇风险和较好地防范与化解外汇风险,如何保障企业的正常经营成果并赢得未来国际市场、进一步健康发展,是外贸企业一个亟待探讨和解决的问题。