会计政策选择对会计信息质量影响研究

文章主要研究会计政策选择对企业会计信息质量的影响,认为会计政策选择具有客观必然性,会计信息使用者的不同决定着会计政策选择具有差异性,从不同的会计信息使用者对会计政策选择影响的不同出发,探讨会计政策选择的差异所产生的影响,并且从企业内外部提出促进企业会计信息质量提高的建议.     

上市公司固定资产会计政策选择的比较分析——基于制造业60家上市公司2005-20084报数据

上市公司会计政策选择直接关系到上市公司会计信息质量的高低,进而关系到资本市场的运行效率,是资本市场研究领域的重要课题.不同的会计政策对会计信息的处理结果不同,对会计信息使用者的影响也不同.本文就我国会计政策选择问题进行了讨论.首先介绍了会计政策的作用及固定资产会计政策选择,然后对目前我国上市公司关于固定资产的会计政策选择的现状进行统计分析,之后列举出我国固定资产会计政策选择存在的问题,最后再有针对性地提出了改进和完善我国企业会计政策选择的建议.     

会计政策的经济后果

会计政策是指导企业进行会计核算的基础,企业选择不同的会计政策产生不同的会计信息,导致企业利害关系集团不同的利益分配结果和投资决策行为,进而影响社会资源的配置效率和结果,企业会计政策在形式上表现为企业会计过程的一种技术规范,但其本质上却是一种经济和政治利益的博弈规则和制度安排,会计政策选择具有一定的经济后果.     

我国上市公司会计政策选择研究

会计政策是会计发挥其功能作用的重要实现形武,会计政策的选择又与企业的盈亏密切相关.企业只有恰当地选用会计政策,才能公允地反映会计信息提高会计信息的可靠性和相关性.目前已有的实证研究成果表明,上市公司在会计政策选择上不够规范,利用会计政策选择进行盈余管理或者利润操纵的现象较为普遍.必须通过人为设计或强化上市公司会计政策选择的规范,以防止其被过度滥用.为确保会计准则和相关会计制度的贯彻执行,规范企业的会计行为,保证企业会计信息的质量和促使企业利润的合理分配,对企业会计政策选择的研究具有非常重要的意义.     

浅议我国上市公司会计政策选择与会计信息质量

我国会计信息质量问题已成为严重制约与阻碍我国经济发展的一大瓶颈并引起了社会各界的极大关注。本文试图回答会计信息质量的评价标准是什么?会计政策选择是否存在客观必然性?会计政策选择与会计信息质量的关系如何?会计政策选择是否需要遵循一定原则等问题,以期更深刻地认识会计政策选择的地位和作用,也为深入研究会计信息失真的治理提供新的思路和分析工具。一、会计信息质量的评价标准在我国,许多上市公司在会计信息披露上存在严重的违规行为,而在西方日益增多的盈余管理现象在我国也愈演愈烈。那么,究竟什么才是高质量的会计信息?有无…     

关于我国中央银行会计政策选择理论基础的思考

<正>中央银行的会计信息对分析宏观政策效果,提高央行透明度,防范金融风险有着重要意义。而准确的会计信息源自制定完善的会计标准和理性的会计政策选择。全球性金融危机爆发以来,我国中央银行持有的外汇储备和金融性资产投资的安全性、流动性和收益性越来越受社会各界高度关注,对这些债权股权类金融资产的未实现利得和损失的会计处理方法将对中央银行的财务报告产生较大影响。因此,研究我国中央银行会计政策选择理论基础具有现实意义。     

企业会计政策选择的公允性——现状·选择原则·影响因素

企业会计政策选择有其客观必然性 ,会计信息的不同使用者对会计政策的选择有不同的要求。本文讨论了会计政策选择的公允性应符合合法性、合理性、可比性以及谨慎性等方面的原则 ,并分析了影响会计政策选择公允性的主要因素 :公司治理结构、经营者激励机制、会计披露制度以及内部控制制度。     

企业会计政策选择的经济学分析——必然性·影响因素·立场

本文认为企业拥有会计政策选择权有其必然性和合理性 :1 .平衡治理结构中各利益相关方利益的需要 ;2 .会计准则的不完全性 ;3 .会计信息市场的不完全竞争。企业在进行会计政策选择时 ,常常是基于与各利益相关方合约的考虑 ,特别是与股东、债权人及政府的合约的考虑。企业会计政策选择的立场应是企业管理当局立场。最后 ,笔者认为 ,为提高会计信息质量 ,应 :1 .完善有关法规 ;2 .完善企业治理结构 ;3 .进一步完善会计准则 ,缩小会计政策选择的空间范围 ;4 .明晰产权 ,发挥产权制度对会计信息生成过程的规范和界定功能。     

关于会计政策选择问题的探讨

随着不断成熟的我国市场经济,会计政策的理论研究相对落后的状况逐步显现。企业的管理者为追求一定的经济目的,在遵循法律的前提下,对会计人员的要求也有所改变。会计人员在确保会计信息真实的基础上,还要对会计政策进行合理的选择,本文通过对会计政策选择的影响及决定因素进行分析,讨论了怎样去规范会计政策的选择。     

基于公司治理的会计政策选择

本文在介绍公司治理和会计政策选择基本概念及其相互关系的基础上 ,阐述了两种不同的公司治理模式下会计政策选择所表现出的一些特点。进而论述了公司治理相关利益主体对会计政策选择的影响 ,以及现阶段我国会计政策选择的现状 ,并提出从公司治理入手 ,提高会计政策选择的公允性。     

International differences in IFRS policy choice: A research note

Building on literature that suggests motives and opportunities for national versions of IFRS practice, we examine whether there are systematic differences in IFRS accounting policies between countries. Using information from the annual reports of companies in the blue chip indices of the largest five stock markets that use IFRS, we reject a null hypothesis that IFRS practice is the same across countries. For 16 accounting policy issues, we find instead significant evidence that pre‐ IFRS national practice continues where this is allowed within IFRS. By this, we document the existence of national patterns of accounting within IFRS. We also point out some policy implications that arise from our findings.     

Contextualizing politicians’ uses of accounting information: reassurance and ammunition

This paper explores the use of accounting information by local government politicians. The authors examined three very typical council decisions in both their policy formulation and decision-making stages, which had different levels of political conflict. During policy formulation, accounting information was used mostly to provide answers—improving understanding. At the decision-making stage, the level of conflict influenced the quantity of information used, as well as the way it was used. Under low political conflict, accounting information primarily provided reassurance, whereas when there were conflicts between majority and opposition politicians, accounting information was used to (de)legitimize political positions and decisions. This paper is one of the first to contextualize politicians’ use of accounting information and has important implications for practice and future research.     

Accounting for Public Policy Actions: The Case of Motor Carrier Deregulation

An important concern of accounting policy is the provision of guidance for the reporting of relevant information related to economic events including public policy actions. In the case of motor carrier deregulation, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued a specialized accounting standard which required all regulated motor carriers to write off as extraordinary losses the intangible assets associated with their interstate operating rights. The specific focus of the present research was to investigate the extent to which these reported accounting losses reflect real economic losses. The findings provide evidence that industry-wide economic losses are unsubstantiated. The study concludes that a requirement that all firms involved in a regulatory reform to report write-offs which are unsupported by entity-specific transactions or events can result in serious economic consequences. Also discussed are the more general issues relevant to the promulgation of specialized accounting standards, the impact of accounting policy on public policy formulations, and accounting treatments for politically sensitive issues.     

Economic policy uncertainty and financial statement comparability

We examine the implications of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) for financial statement comparability. We posit that the increased difficulty of estimating future cash flows and the increased opportunity for earnings management with increased EPU reduce the quality of earnings and its comparability. Consistent with this reasoning, we find a negative relation between earnings comparability and lagged EPU. Further, the association between EPU and comparability is more negative for firms that have poorer accruals quality and higher earnings volatility. We do not find that accounting policy choice is systematically related to the association between EPU and comparability. These results suggest that cross-sectional differences in accounting estimates rather than accounting policies influence the relation between EPU and comparability.     

货币政策对企业劳动投资效率的影响研究

基于2010—2020年我国A股上市公司的相关数据,对货币政策与企业劳动投资效率之间的关系进行探讨。研究发现,在货币政策紧缩时,企业劳动投资效率会有明显的提高,会计稳健性的提高以及自由现金流量的减少是紧缩性货币政策影响企业劳动投资效率的主要作用机制。进一步研究发现,高质量的公司治理水平会抑制紧缩性货币政策对企业劳动投资效率的影响。非效率劳动投资分组检验结果表明,紧缩性货币政策对企业劳动投资效率的促进效应,更多地表现为抑制劳动投资过度。     

The effect of changes in Japanese consolidation policy on analyst forecast error

Our broad research objective is to investigate whether convergence towards international standards improves the decision usefulness of information. Recent changes in Japanese consolidated reporting practices to better align with international standards provide an excellent setting to investigate this research objective. Specifically, we examine the effect of changes in Japanese consolidation policy on financial analysts’ perceptions of the persistence of subsidiary earnings. Previous research provides evidence that, prior to the change in consolidation policy, consolidated financial information was not used efficiently in the Japanese capital market. Prior research finds a positive relation between subsidiary earnings and future stock returns in Japan, indicating that investors underestimate the persistence of subsidiary earnings. Consistent with prior research using stock returns, we find that financial analysts also underestimate the persistence of subsidiary earnings in Japan. We document a significant positive relation between subsidiary earnings and future forecast errors of consolidated earnings. However, following the changes in consolidation policy in Japan, we find that financial analysts no longer underestimate the persistence of subsidiary earnings. Changes in Japanese consolidation policy in conformance with international standards increase decision usefulness by improving the ability of financial analysts to predict overall firm performance. One limitation of our research design relates to the adoption of mandated accounting policy changes by all sample firms in the same calendar time. This makes it difficult to control for the impact of correlated omitted variables. While this concern can never be completely eliminated, we provide additional tests that examine sample partitions by firm size and industry. These additional tests support the primary findings that Japan’s efforts to converge consolidation rules with international standards have improved analysts’ consolidated earnings forecasts.     

How Control System Design Influences Performance Misreporting

This paper investigates reporting honesty when managers have monetary incentives to overstate their performance. We argue that managers who report about their performance will take into account how their report affects their peers (i.e., other managers at the same hierarchical level). This effect depends on the design of the organization's control system, in particular, on the reward structure and the information policy regarding individual performance reports. The reward structure determines if peers’ monetary payoff is increased or decreased when managers claim a higher level of performance. The information policy determines if managers will be able to link individual peers to their reports and affects the nonmonetary costs of breaking social norms. We present the results of a laboratory experiment. As predicted, we find that participants are more likely to overstate their performance if this increases the monetary payoff of others than if their reported performance decreases others’ monetary gains. In addition, overstatements are lower under an open information policy, where each individual's reported performance is made public, compared to a closed information policy, where participants only learn the average performance of the other participants. Our findings have several important implications for management accounting research and practice.     

Public Policy and Accounting Research: What Is to Be Done?

Abstract

Singleton-Green [2010. The communication gap: Why doesn't accounting research make a greater contribution to debates on accounting policy? Accounting in Europe, 7(2), 129–145] argues that a communication gap between researchers and those involved in public debates on accounting problems significantly reduces the impact of accounting research. A new ICAEW report, The Effects of Mandatory IFRS Adoption in the EU: a Review of Empirical Research, tries to bridge the communication gap on the subject that it covers. The report found not only a significant amount of relevant research, but also that its usefulness was limited in various ways. The paper makes a number of recommendations to researchers: they should point out any biases in the data they use, address some issues through field work, not assume that surrounding institutions are unchanged, be careful to understand the specific features of the countries they cover, investigate differences in previous research, and state the economic significance of their findings. The paper also makes recommendations for non-academic participants in public policy debates, including: they should actively promote relevant research, help researchers get access to information, and help ensure that researchers have the incentives to do what is needed to benefit public policy.     

Economic policy uncertainty and bank earnings opacity

Using a sample of U.S. banks and an index for economic policy uncertainty developed by Baker et al. (2016), we investigate whether economic policy uncertainty is systematically related to bank earnings opacity. When economic policy is relatively uncertain, it is easier for bank managers to distort financial information, as unpredictable economic policy changes make assessing the existence and impact of hidden “adverse news” more difficult for investors and creditors. Economic policy uncertainty also increases the fluctuation in banks’ earnings and cash flows, thus providing additional incentives and opportunities for bank managers to engage in earnings management. Our results show that uncertainty in economic policy is positively related to earnings opacity, proxied by the magnitude of discretionary loan loss provisions and the likelihood of just meeting or beating the prior year’s earnings, and negatively related to the level of accounting conservatism (i.e., the timeliness of recognition of bad news relative to good news). Collectively, our results suggest that economic policy uncertainty leads to greater earnings opacity. We also find that the impact of economic policy uncertainty on financial reporting distortion is less pronounced for stronger banks (i.e., banks with high capital ratios).