A fuzzy multi-objective programming approach for determination of resilient supply portfolio under supply failure risks

The main contribution of this paper is to develop a new decision tool that interprets strategies for determination of resilient supply portfolio under supply failure risks. The strategic decisions include the allocation of emergency capacities to be pre-positioned at backup suppliers, the output of which can be increased in the event of mitigating a shortage caused by another supplier's failure. The model contains three objective functions – minimising the total cost, minimising the net rejected items and minimising the net late deliveries – while satisfying capacity and minimum order quantity requirement constraints. A weighted additive fuzzy multi-objective model is proposed to simultaneously consider the imprecision of information and the relative importance of objectives for determining the allocation of order quantity and emergency capacity to each supplier. The application of the proposed model is illustrated using an example case of global supply chains with different supplier characteristics.     

Joint decision of procurement lot-size,supplier selection,and carrier selection

The joint decision making of procurement lot-size, supplier selection, and carrier selection has potential to reduce buyer's purchasing expenditures. Furthermore, the total logistics cost can also come down through economies of scale in the purchasing and transportation costs, and reduction in supply chain disruptions such as rejections and late deliveries. We study a procurement setting in which a buyer needs to purchase a single product from a set of suppliers over finite discrete time periods to satisfy service level requirements. The suppliers offer all-unit quantity discounts, and transportation cost depends on carrier capacity as well as geographical location of suppliers. This paper proposes an integer linear programming model to simultaneously determine the timings of procurement, lot-sizes, suppliers and carriers to be chosen so as to incur the least total cost over the planning horizon. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in establishing tradeoffs among purchasing cost, transaction cost, and inventory holding cost. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to understand the effects of the model parameters on the purchasing decisions and total cost. Managerial insights of this study serve as a reference for decision makers to develop effective procurement strategies.     

基于模糊组合权的模糊TOPSIS方法在供应商选择中的应用研究

供应商的选择在供应链管理中是很重要环节,供应商选择的成功与否将直接影响到整个供应链的竞争优势,故有必要对供应商选择进行深入研究。本文将已有的模糊组合权方法和模糊TOPSIS方法相结合,提出一种基于模糊组合权的模糊TOPSIS方法,并将其应用于供应商的选择研究中。文章首先总结已有的相关研究结果,给出供应商评价的准则,接着介绍三角模糊数的相关理论,推出模糊组合权及模糊TOPSIS的算法步骤,最后通过一个算例验证方法的可行性。     

基于Stackelberg博弈的连续性生产企业原料采购优化模型

文中以连续性生产企业原料采购为研究对象,选择单个供应商和单个生产商组成的两层供应链子系统,探讨在不确定性环境与信息不对称情形下,采用Stackelberg博弈理论建立采购批量折扣模型,使得供应商利用批量折扣使双方成本达到最优并降低不确定性带来的风险,应用实例表明该方法能够有效地改善供应链的协调性。     

供应不确定下基于Supply-hub的供应商选择和库存协同决策

针对由供应商、Supply-hub和制造商组成的三级供应链的多产品供应商选择和库存协同问题,考虑供应商存在延迟交付风险、供应数量约束,以供应链运作成本最小为目标,构建整数规划模型。分析结果表明:在一定的条件下,总存在最优的供应商选择方案和库存策略;当供应商的延迟交付概率增加,供应链期望成本上涨;当供应商供应数量无限制时,减少最优订货批量可以弱化供应不确定性增加造成的影响;当供应商选择方案不变,订货提前期增加,供应链的运作成本以及最优订货批量不变;一种零部件提前期的变化不影响其他零部件的供应商选择和库存策略。     

供需链节点企业技术创新合作模式选择的博弈分析

供应商与制造商之间的技术流动与商业化合作日驱频繁,因此有必要研究供需链节点企业技术创新合作模式选择问题。文中在供需链环境下,建立供应商与制造商技术创新的完全信息动态博弈模型,引入准投资弹性变量,探讨供需链中供应商与制造商进行技术创新的条件与时机问题,通过对制造商与供应商之间的技术创新合作方式博弈分析,得出准投资弹性变量影响下技术创新方式选择的临界条件,并将模型拓展到n维领域的创新方式选择问题,文中结论对供需链节点处企业技术创新活动的选择具有一定的现实指导意义。     

Making tough choices: A policy capturing approach to evaluating the tradeoffs in sustainable supplier development initiatives

This research explores the tradeoffs that decision makers are willing to make when implementing development initiatives to improve supplier sustainability performance. We employ a policy capturing methodology in which respondents are forced to choose between multiple potential sustainable supplier development initiatives. Data were collected from traditional and executive MBA students. The results suggest that when confronted with tradeoffs, decision makers value improvements in supplier cost savings and injury reduction equally, which was somewhat unexpected. Further, both improvements in supplier cost savings and injury reduction were valued over supplier emissions performance. Because we measure individual tradeoff preferences, multi-level regression analysis was used to better understand the impact of respondent value structure regarding sustainably developing suppliers. Our findings suggest a hierarchy of tradeoff preferences for decision makers as they pertain to sustainable supplier development. As the pressure to ensure supply chain sustainability increases, more firms will engage in sustainable supplier development. The outcomes of the choices they make when choosing between initiatives, and how managers make these choices, will be of increasing interest in both industry and academia. This research answers previous calls for further examination of decision maker tradeoff preferences in sustainable supply chain development.     

主制造商-供应商模式下民用飞机研制供应链努力程度协调模型

民用飞机越来越多地采用主制造商供应商模式。供应商的努力程度在很大程度上决定了飞机的研制水平。因而作为供应链利益的集成者和分配者的主制造商,就会利用其自身的信息优势和主导地位,对供应商的努力程度进行统一协调。本文主要采用Nash均衡和Shapley值等方法构建了基于供应商努力程度的供应链协调模型,重点研究在主制造商的统一协调下实现供应链整体利益和各成员利益最优的,问题。研究结果表明,主制造商统一安排各供应商的努力程度使整个供应链的利益最大化,而主制造商对利益的合理分配则能增加供应链各成员的利益,实现整个供应链的有效协调。     

Evaluation of supplier capability and performance: A method for supply base reduction

Development of partnership with suppliers is widely recognised today as a potent tool for supply chain improvement. To develop an effective partnership, it is necessary to have a small supply base and an effort to reduce the supply base to a manageable level. Despite its overwhelming importance, models of supply base reduction are rare. Supplier sorting methods, used for pre-selection of suppliers and sometimes seen as methods for supply base reduction, have limitations ranging from (1) requirement of an exhaustive database of historical information (case-based reasoning), (2) inability to predefine the number of elements in a cluster (cluster analysis) and (3) inability to identify suppliers who are both highly capable as well as high performers (data envelopment analysis). In the present work, we develop a systematic framework for carrying out the supply base reduction process. The study assumes two important dimensions of suppliers—performance and capability. Performance of a supplier represents short-term effects on the achievement of supply chain objectives while supplier capability indicates long-term effects. Many of the performance and capability factors are imprecise in nature. In order to account for the imprecision involved in numerous subjective characteristics of suppliers, we use fuzzy set approach to measure the imprecision of these factors and rank a potential list of suppliers against their performance and capability. We then display their ranks in a ‘capability–performance matrix’ that helps a decision maker arrange the suppliers in decreasing order of preference. The desired numbers of suppliers are finally selected on the basis of this ordered list. The suggested framework will be of immense help to the practising managers in reducing the supply base—a prerequisite for building a strong supplier partnership and developing an effective supply chain.     

飞机制造商对材料供应商的选择和评价研究

本文针对航空制造业的现状,解析适航规章中对材料供应商的要求,提出产品适航性的指标。再结合航空制造业对供应商的其他要求,建立了合理的航空材料供应商的评价指标体系,并对如何采用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)进行指标评价及供应商选择、确定评价指标及选择方法的应用进行了阐述。     

A satisficing method for fuzzy goal programming problems with different importance and priorities

For treating multiple objectives decision making problems with fuzzy goals and different importance, various kinds of fuzzy goal programming (FGP) models have been developed in the past three decades. Among them, two most widely used methods are: (1) weighted FGP, where the importance of the objectives is represented by weights (2) preemptive priority (also known as “Lexicographic”) FGP, where the priority levels of the goals are set in advance, and the trade-offs among goals placed at different priority levels are implemented strictly. This article presents a satisficing method based on FGP model, which holds that a more important objective has to be achieved as much as possible. The relaxed preemptive priority requirement in the proposed model provides a more efficient, flexible and practicable decision support compared to the weighted and the lexicographic models. In addition, the trade-off between optimization and importance requirement can be realized by the regulation parameter in the presented method. The performance of this method is evaluated by comparing its result with those of the six existing models in the literature.     

基矛AHP和模糊综合评价的供应商关系绩效评价研究

基于供应链环境下，制造商与重要供应商长期合作的伙伴关系．从合作业绩、信息沟通能力、关系信任度、密切度、融洽度、协作能力和学习效果等方面构建了供应商关系绩效评价指标体系，运用层次分析法确立了各指标权重，模糊综合评价法对评价信息进行了模糊处理，建立了供应商关系绩效的模糊综合评价数学模型．并进行了应用实例运算奈拼     

基于AHP与FCEM的绿色建筑供应商选择

根据绿色供应链管理的理念和内涵,结合建筑行业特点,提出了绿色建筑供应商评价指标体系。根据人们决策思维的特点,选取能够体现定量和定性相结合的层次分析法和模糊综合评价法,构建了绿色建筑供应商选择模型,并给出了一个应用算例,为绿色建筑供应商的合理选择提供了方法支持。     

Supplier evaluation in the context of circular economy: A forward step for resilient business and environment concern

Resource depletion is a concern for the global economy; many think that available resources on the planet will not be able to cater to an ever-growing population. Thus, economies are trying to become circular, leaving behind the linear tradition linear approach. In the circular economy (CE), physical resources and energy are made to loop back into the supply chain (SC) for a more extended period. Proper selection of suppliers is an essential criterion towards proper execution of the CE principle in SC. In this research, we have constructed a framework for evaluating the supplier concerning the CE implementation. Further, this research identifies the criterion and sub-criterion, which are pertinent for evaluating the supplier in CE context. Fuzzy-based ‘Criteria Importance Through Inter-Criteria Correlation (CRITIC)’ method is justifiably applied to determine the aggregated weights of the criteria. Finally, ‘Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)’ method is used to determine the suppliers' ranking in the Indian automobile industry. Six criteria and 24 sub-criteria are obtained as per recent literature and then inputs from experts. ‘Environment’ criterion came out as the most favourable criterion with a subjective weight of 0.230. The current research is one of the first such attempts to provide criteria for supplier selection in a CE environment. The developed framework would help organisations in implementing CE-based supplier selection. The identified criteria and sub-criteria would provide organisations with means to evaluate suppliers and help suppliers develop an effective and efficient CE based on the SC.     

白化函数与灰色关联度在供应商选择中的应用

随着传统采购向供应链采购的转变,企业选择适当的供应商作为合作伙伴至关重要。文章首先讨论了供应商分类,然后针对战略伙伴供应商选择,构建评价指标,引入白化函数和灰色关联度进行择优选择,结果表明,灰色关联度综合评价法能够识别出"整体优秀"的供应商。     

基于数量折扣策略的供应链渠道协调分析

针对一个制造商和一个零售商的供应链，就确定需求情况下数量折扣策略AQDP的协调作用做了分析，对不确定需求情况下制造商及零售商的最优决策做了灵敏度分析。     

Sourcing Decisions with Capacity Reservations under Supply Disruptions

Firms employing both offshore outsourcing and nearshore sourcing strategies may face supply disruption, demand uncertainty, and quality risks simultaneously. Sourcing decisions become inevitably important and complicated when both profit and the customer-service level are taken into consideration. In this paper, we model a scenario where a manufacturer who faces stochastic demand procures major modules from an overseas supplier and two local suppliers. The overseas supplier offers quality products while being susceptible to disruption risks; if the local suppliers, who are completely reliable and serve as a backup, offer products that are of inferior quality, it may result in lower market acceptance and a bad experience for the final customers. The manufacturer has to reserve capacity with backup suppliers before urgent orders are placed, when the primary source experiences a shortfall. We explicitly derive the manufacturer’s optimal order quantities and reservation quantities, which are functions of the heterogeneous suppliers’ wholesale prices, reservation prices, and other parameters. The impacts of the fill-rate constraint and customer-experience quality constraint on the manufacturer’s purchasing decisions are investigated. Interesting managerial insights on the merits of backup sourcing with capacity reservations for managing demand uncertainties and supply disruption risks are also discussed.     

考虑政府补贴的绿色供应链契约分析及优化研究

以政府、供应商和制造商组成的绿色供应链为研究对象,探讨政府补贴和供应链契约对绿色供应链绩效的影响。构建了批发价格契约、收益共享契约和数量折扣契约模型,比较分析了不同契约下各主体效益及契约选择偏好,设计了收益共享且绿色投入成本共担契约来提高供应链绩效。研究发现:消费者绿色偏好越强烈,产品绿色度和供应链各主体效益越高;当产品绿色度相等时,制造商更倾向于选择批发价格契约,而供应商和政府更倾向于选择收益共享契约或数量折扣契约;相较于其他契约,设计的收益共享且绿色投入成本共担契约可以提高产品绿色度和企业效益。本文为考虑政府补贴的绿色供应链企业决策及选择合理的合作契约提供了理论支持。     

AR公司供应链环境下供应商关系管理改进研究

供应链环镜下的企业竞争行为发生了巨大变化,供应商关系管理的理念、目标和方式方法也都随之发生了重大变化,企业应该在对采购物资进行分类的基础上选择相适应的供应商和确定供应商关系战略,通过供应商绩效评价和激励,达到控制供应风险和调控企业外部资源的目的.     

Supply chain finance schemes in the procurement of agricultural products

Product, information, and finance flows are all interrelated within the modern supply chain; thus, it is now more than ever of paramount importance for practitioners to integrate procurement and financial decisions. This challenge is exemplified in many agricultural supply chains, where operational risks are significant and access to capital differs sharply across firms. We study three management tactics that some large food/beverage manufacturers – situated downstream in these chains – have used to meet the challenge: ordinary fixed price contracts (or soft tolling) with direct suppliers, hard tolling and contract farming where the manufacturer intervenes upstream, providing capital, and coordinating procurement decisions. We place these upstream intervention schemes in the theoretical context of supply chain finance (SCF) and model their application to a three-echelon agricultural supply chain. We perform a numerical study in order to understand how the structure of capital constraints in the chain may influence the manufacturer's choice of SCF scheme. The numerical study is based on a business case that reflects the barley–malt supply chain of Heineken N.V. Despite greater coordination opportunities, we show that upstream intervention is not necessarily preferable for the manufacturer. Nevertheless, the preferred SCF scheme can be inferred on the basis of relatively simple characterization of the capital constraints in the supply chain.