大规模定制生产与标准化

一、大规模定制的概念及其特征目前客户需求的多样化导致市场中产品生命周期缩短、多品种小批量生产比例增大,同时客户对产品的高科技含量和交货周期日益关注,而传统的单件小批量生产,因其标准化、通用化程度低,技术准备和重复劳动多,以致效率低下,成本居高不下,无法适应市场竞争的需要,大规模定制生产就是在这一背景下产生的。大规模定制是指对定制的产品和服务进行个别的大规模生产,它把大规模生产和定制生产这两种生产方式的优势有机地结合起来。大规模定制的基本思想在于:通过产品结构和制造过程的重组,运用现代信息技术、新材料技术、…     

大规模定制模式的客户关系管理研究

大规模定制被认为是21世纪的生产模式,它的价值取向在于满足客户的个性化需求.研究表明:企业要想成功地运作大规模定制生产模式,必须实施与其相适应"MC模武的客户关系管理";实施MC模武的客户关系管理是提升MC企业准确快速获取客户个性化需求能力的重要途径.     

大规模定制化与供应链管理

大规模定制化是一种新的生产模式,它根据每一个客户的不同要求,用大规模生产的效益完成定制产品的生产,从而实现了个性化与大规模生产的有机结合.本文首先分析了大规模定制化的涵义及其优势,然后对如何基于供应链管理成功实施大规模定制化,提出了一些对策措施.     

大规模定制模式下定制效率优化的研究

以大规模生产的效率必须满足顾客的个性化需求为基本出发点,以将企业定制化生产与大规模生产方式有效结合为最终目标。提出了"客户感知差异"的概念,并就客户对产品感知差异的定制效率构造了优化模型。该模型综合研究定制时间、成本、质量以及客户满意度四种因素,寻求在既定条件下,企业以最低的资源消耗,最高的效率完成定制任务的优化方案。     

基于虚拟企业大规模定制的管理控制

虚拟企业的提出是大规模定制生产的一个策略，只有将虚拟企业与大规模定制生产模式结合起来，大规模定制企业才能真正快速地为顾客生产出个性化的定制产品。本文研究了基于虚拟企业的大规模定制的特点，并对顾客需求信息获取、基于虚拟企业的大规模定制产品的开发、基于虚拟企业的大规模定制的ERP、基于Internet/Intranet的管理信息系统和基于虚拟企业的大规模定制的库存控制等管理控制问题进行研究。     

基于延迟技术的大规模定制生产模式

本文从管理集成的角度，简要地介绍了延迟和大规模定制的基本概念及其内容，提出了基于延迟技术的大规模定制生产模式，并重点分析了该模式是如何把大规模生产和定制生产这两种生产模式的优势有机地结合起来，使成本受控的同时，实现产品多样化，满足客户的个性化需要。     

基于供应链管理的大规模定制分析

为了在尽可能短的周期内以较低的成本生产出能满足用户个性化要求的产品，就要求在企业群中实施大规模定制生产，这是因为每个企业不可能是全能的企业，只有充分发挥各个企业的核心优势，组建动态联盟，才能解决大规模定制中的两难问题：既要使产品满足客户个性化的要求，又要使产品的成本和交货期与大规模生产的产品接近。在这种企业群合作环境下，大规模定制的成功实施和推广，就需要有面向大规模定制的供应链管理模式与之匹配。     

试论定制营销方式与策略

21世纪 ,个性化消费成为主流 ,与之相适应 ,企业要生存发展 ,必须实行现代大规模定制营销。企业根据产品生产特点和顾客参与程度 ,可选择不同的定制营销方式 ,同时 ,作为现代定制营销 ,既要适应商品多样化、个性化的定制方式 ,又要维护大规模生产的经济效益 ,必须采取有效的营销策略 ,并要正确理解和运用定制营销。     

依托产业集群的大规模定制物流

一、大规模定制西方经济学“大规模生产”的理论与实践在与现代市场需求“个性化、差异化”强烈碰撞后,产生了“大规模定制”的新理论、新方向。关于大规模定制的理论探讨开始于上个世纪的七十年代,到了1993年,美国策略前景LLP公司创始人约瑟夫·派恩在其《大规模定制:企业竞争的新前沿》一书中,对大规模定制的内容做了完整的描述,详细描述了企业正在进行一场“从大规模生产标准产品转向有效地提供满足单个客户想法和需求的产品和服务”的转变。大规模定制(Mass Customization)可定义为:采用柔性过程和柔性组织结构,既可以用“大规模生产…     

从大规模生产到大规模定制服务的转型的研究

本文介绍了服务业的发展现状，描述了制造业和服务业的异同点，指出定制化就是为满足客户的个性化需求，阐述了在全球产业结构调整中，从大规模生产转型到大规模定制服务的趋势。     

大规模定制生产模式的竞争优势及其前景

低成本优势和差异性优势构成企业竞争的两种基本优势，但二者之间往往是矛盾的。传统的生产模式在克服它们之间的矛盾上存在种种局限。大规模定制生产模式突破了传统生产模式的局限，实现了两种基本优势的结合。但从生产模式演变的历史看，这一模式仍将只是企业竞争的一个阶段。     

基于客户订单分离点的延迟制造再分类研究

介绍了大量定制(MC)生产模式及延迟制造战略,分析了大量定制与延迟制造战略的关系;根据客户订单分离点(CODP)在供应链上所处的不同位置对延迟制造战略进行了再分类;最后对延迟制造的4种类型进行了比较分析。     

Experts with a conflict of interest: a source of ambiguity?

We present an experimental design where uncertainty is generated from the advice of experts with conflicts of interest. In this experiment clients are faced with a variant of a multi-armed bandit problem with a random end-time. On the known arm (the “task screen”), clients can earn a certain payment per completion of a decoding task. However, clients may also opt for the unknown arm where they earn an uncertain amount if they end the experiment on this “expert screen”. The amount is uncertain to the clients because the value is being communicated through an “expert” with conflicted incentives. A control session provides for direct transmission of the value to the clients. Our results show that ambiguity aversion is alive-and-well in this environment. Also, when we vary the wage rate on the known arm we find that higher opportunity cost clients are less likely to heed the advice of conflicted experts.     

基于贷款偏好、企业规模和还贷行为的银企关系分析

中小企业融资难的一大原因是商业银行在选择授信对象时具有“授信给中小规模企业风险大”的贷款偏好．从而在信贷业务操作中表现出对中小企业的歧视。那么实际中小企业还贷履约行为如何？以商业银行和融资企业为对象,本文建立信贷交易博弈模型并实证检验融资企业的规模大小与其还贷履约行为的关系。结果表明：考虑到违约成本,相比较大规模企业的还贷履约情况,中小企业选择按时还贷履约的概率更大,还贷履约情况更好。     

Gender in banking and mortgage behavior

Compared to men, women, even financial professionals, exhibit higher risk aversion. We exploit random assignment of clients to banking advisors (‘private bankers’) in a large Czech bank to study the effects of advisor gender on the probability of mortgage issuance and on the probability that a newly issued mortgage is insured, which we interpret as corresponding to risk averse mortgage behaviour. Male advisors do not substantially affect the chances that their clients will take a new mortgage. However, the mortgages that they issue are dramatically less likely to be insured, particularly so for female clients who never had an insured loan with the bank.     

Formation of the non‐state sector and privatisation in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

In this paper, we take a detailed look at one Polish bank's experiences with financial sector reforms focusing on a bank-led enterprise-restructuring plan that linked directly bank privatization and recapitalization to bad-debt workouts. Based on personal interviews and original statistical data, we evaluate the performance of Bank Depozytowo-Kredytowy (BDK) in promoting financial and operational restructuring of its clients. We found that BDK continued to provide soft lending to keep four old military‐industrial companies afloat and actually increased its exposure to these companies during the program. The five success stories among BDK's clients were companies that had external agents other than the bank promoting and monitoring their operational restructuring. From our case study of BDK, we conclude that, while banks may play a role in financial restructuring of their clients, their ability to affect operational restructuring is quite limited. Moreover, stateowned banks are particularly vulnerable to incentive problems when dealing with large state-owned enterprises that may be too big or too political to fail.     

行业同质性与事务所行业专门化战略——来自中国审计市场的经验证据

本文考察了在中国审计市场环境下行业特征对事务所行业专门化战略的影响。研究发现,行业同质性越高,事务所在该行业的市场份额和组合份额也越高。该结论表明,行业内客户经营越相似,事务所越容易将行业专门化投资获得的行业知识和行业审计程序在行业内不同客户的审计过程中快速有效地分享,因此,事务所越倾向于在该行业进行专门化投资以获得低成本的竞争优势。本文的研究结论可以为事务所行业专门化投资决策提供经验证据,并为事务所通过行业专门化战略实现做大做强提供有益的途径。     

What money buys: clients of street sex workers in the US

The article presents a review of current theoretical and empirical approaches to sex work, followed by the presentation of an original theoretical framework (Della Giusta et al., 2006), which is tested with an econometric model of the characteristics of demand for sex services by a sample of clients of street sex workers in the US. We present findings in relation to stigma and the relationship between paid and unpaid sex that corroborate our model's hypotheses and are in line with findings from other empirical studies. Furthermore, we identify in our sample two diametrically opposite profiles: one for clients whom we label ‘experimenters’, and one for more experienced ones that we name ‘regulars’, we also estimate attitudes toward risk, and draw implications in terms of both policy and future theoretical and empirical research.     

Productivity, exporting, and the learning-by-exporting hypothesis: direct evidence from UK firms

Abstract.  Case studies suggest exporters learn from clients. Econometric evidence is mixed. We use firm-level panel data on exporting and productivity with direct information on learning sources, including clients. We find: (a) firms who exported in the past are likely to learn more from clients (relative to other sources); (b) firms who learned from clients in the past are more likely to have faster productivity growth; (c) the reverse is not the case; that is, past productivity growth is not associated with more learning from clients and past learning from clients is not associated with more exporting. These results are consistent with the learning-by-exporting hypothesis.     

Incentives and the Sorting of Altruistic Agents into Street‐Level Bureaucracies*

Many street‐level bureaucrats have the dual task of helping some clients, while sanctioning others. We develop a model of a street‐level bureaucracy, and we study the implications of its personnel policy on the self‐selection and allocation decisions of agents who differ in altruism towards clients. When bureaucrats are paid flat wages, they do not sanction, and the most altruistic types sort into bureaucracy. Pay‐for‐performance induces some bureaucrats to sanction, but it necessitates an increase in compensation, which can result in sorting from the top and bottom of the altruism distribution. We also explain why street‐level bureaucrats often experience an overload of clients.