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1.
Determinants of Managerial Values on Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article empirically investigates how Chinese executives and managers perceive and interpret corporate social responsibility
(CSR), to what extent firms’ productive characteristics influence managers’ attitudes towards their CSR rating, and whether
their values in favour of CSR are positively correlated to firms’ economic performance. Although a large proportion of respondents
express a favourable view of CSR and a willingness to participate in socially responsible activities, we find that the true
nature of their assertion is linked to entrepreneurs’ instincts of gaining economic benefits. It is the poorly performing
firms, or rather, firms with vulnerable indicators – smaller in size, State-owned, producing traditional goods and located
in poorer regions that are more likely to have managers who opt for a higher CSR rating. Managers’ personal characteristics
per se are not significant in determining their CSR choice. Moreover, controlling for other observed variables, we find that managers’
CSR orientation is positively correlated with their firms’ performance. The better-off a firm is, the more likely its manager
is to get involve in CSR activities. Firms with better economic performance before their restructuring would sustain higher
post-restructuring performance. 相似文献
2.
Matthias Ehrgott Felix Reimann Lutz Kaufmann Craig R. Carter 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,98(1):99-119
Despite the growing public awareness of social sustainability issues, little is known about what drives firms to emphasize
social criteria in their supplier management practices and what the precise benefits of such efforts are. This is especially
true for relationships with international suppliers from the world’s emerging economies in Asia, Latin America, and Eastern
Europe. Building on stakeholder theory, we address the issue by examining how pressures from customers, the government, and
employees as primary constituencies of the firm determine the extent to which firms consider social aspects in the selection
of emerging economy suppliers. Further, we analyze how such socially sustainable supplier selection relates to the capabilities
of the firm’s suppliers, its market reputation, and the learning in its supply management organization. We test the developed
research framework empirically using data from 244 U.S. and German corporations. Our findings, consistent with our hypothesized
model, suggest that middle-level supply managers as internal stakeholders play a major driving role for firms’ socially sustainable
supplier selection, and that strong positive links exist between that selection and the investigated outcomes. 相似文献
3.
Corporate Philanthropic Disaster Response and Ownership Type: Evidence
from Chinese Firms’ Response
to the Sichuan Earthquake 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This article examines whether the charitable giving amount and likelihood of firm response to catastrophic events relate to
firms’ ownership type using a unique dataset of listed firms in China, where state ownership is still prevalent. Based on
the data of Chinese firms’ response to the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, we find that the extent of corporate contributions for
state-owned firms following this disaster is less than that for private firms. State-owned firms are also less likely to respond
in␣this disaster compared to private firms. The results also␣reveal that firm size, profitability, geography, cash resource
available, and leverage affect firms’ philanthropic disaster response behavior in China. 相似文献
4.
This study tests for financial constraints on R&D investment and how they differ from capital investment. To identify constraints
in the access to external capital, we employ a credit rating index. Our models show that internal constraints, measured by
mark-ups, are more decisive for R&D than for capital investment. For external constraints, we find a monotonic relationship
between the level of constriction and firm size for both types of investment. Thus, external constraints turn out to be more
binding with decreasing firm size. On the contrary, we do not find such monotonic relationships for internal constraints.
Differentiation by firms’ age does not support lower constraints for older firms. 相似文献
5.
Ning Li 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,80(4):771-789
One challenge that globalization has brought to business is that firms, as they expand their market globally through cross-border
alliances, need to deal with partner firms from countries of different religious background. The impact of a country’s dominant
religion on its firms’ international market entry mode choices has not been examined in traditional approaches. Focusing on
hypothesizing the influence of Christian beliefs and atheism (i.e., the absence of belief in any deities), this research aims
to fill the gap by exploring religion’s role in providing moral restraint on managers’ propensity for opportunism, which in
turn affects these managers’ choices of their firms’ international market entry via non-equity alliances or joint ventures.
A study of 22,156 cross-border alliances formed in 48 industries world-wide over 9 years provides new insight toward understanding
religion’s influence on firms’ international market entry mode decisions through the ethical dimension of strategic leadership.
This article would fit best under the International Management section for reviewing purposes. 相似文献
6.
Connectivity and Performance of Science-based Firms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Annika Rickne 《Small Business Economics》2006,26(4):393-407
This paper addresses whether or not there is a relationship between a young science-based firm’s patterns of connections and
the associated resource flows, and its performance. Hypotheses derived from the literature are tested in relation to three
performance indicators: inventiveness, innovativeness and employment. Analyzing a set of firms in Sweden, Ohio and Massachusetts,
working with biocompatible materials and related products, the results indicate that firm performance is significantly influenced
by the firms’ pattern of connectivity. In particular, technology-related connections proved important, where a high diversity
in types of sources for technological input, a large number of technological relations and a high amount of technology transfer
from the parent organization were related to better performance for this specific group of firms. 相似文献
7.
Stefano Colombo 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2011,11(4):325-349
We study the pricing policy equilibria emerging in a partial collusion duopolistic framework where firms in the first stage
of the game choose non-cooperatively the pricing strategy (perfect price discrimination or uniform pricing), and from the
second stage onward collude on prices. We show that for intermediate discount factors and high firms’ asymmetry, the unique
equilibrium is characterized by only the smaller firm choosing price discrimination. In the case of intermediate discount
factors and low firms’ asymmetry, there are two possible equilibria: both firms price discriminate or no firm price discriminates.
When the discount factor is particularly high or particularly low both firms price discriminate in equilibrium. 相似文献
8.
Frances Bowen 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,75(1):97-113
This paper compares two theories of the firm used to interpret firms’ corporate social strategies in order to derive new insights
and questions in this research area. Researchers from many branches of strategic management agree that firms can strategically
allocate resources in order to achieve both long-term social objectives and competitive advantage. However, despite some progress
in investigating corporate social strategy, studies rely on fundamentally diverging theoretical approaches. This paper will
identify, compare and begin to integrate two competing theories of the firm implicit in corporate social strategy scholarship:
the resource-based and behavioural theories of the firm. I discuss the implications of these two theories for both researchers
and practitioners on key debates within corporate social strategy, and conclude by suggesting several fruitful avenues for
future research based on the emerging integration of these two theories of the firm within the strategy literature.
Dr. Frances Bowen is an Associate Professor in the Strategy and Global Management Area of the Haskayne School of Business,
University of Calgary. Her main research interests cross strategy and organisational theory, focusing on corporate environmental
strategy. She has examined firms’ enviromental decisions in a variety of complex decision-making contexts. Current and recent
research projects have focused on the roles of subsidiary managers in encouraging environmental initiatives within multinational
companies, and how firms might induce suppliers to participate in environmentally sound supply chain management. Her main
theoretical interest is how the behavioural theory of the firm can be integrated with the resource-based view to better explain
corporate environmental strategy. 相似文献
9.
Recent research suggests that philanthropy’s value to the firm is largely mediated by contextual factors such as managers’
assumed motives for charity. Our article extends this contingency perspective using a “sensegiving” lens, by which external
actors’ interpretations of organizational actions may be influenced by the way in which the organization communicates about
those actions. We consider how sensegiving features in philanthropy-related press releases affect whether investors value
those donation decisions. For the empirical investigation in this study, we analyze abnormal returns to announcements by U.S.
Fortune 500 firms documenting their donations to Hurricane Katrina disaster relief in 2005. We expect that in general, donation
decisions would be controversial given the uncertainty surrounding the hurricane’s economic effects at the time. However,
we also propose that announcements emphasizing employee involvement in the donation send investors positive signals about
the firm’s ability to bounce back from the disaster’s adverse effects. We find empirical support for the proposed hypotheses,
and discuss the implications for theory and practice. 相似文献
10.
Min-Dong Paul Lee 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,102(2):281-298
This article introduces a theoretical framework that combines institutional and stakeholder theories to explain how firms
choose their corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy. Organizational researchers have identified several distinct CSR
strategies (e.g., obstructionist, defensive, accommodative, and proactive), but did not explain the sources of divergence.
This article argues that the divergence comes from the variability in the configuration of external influences that consists
of institutional and stakeholder pressures. While institutions affect firms’ social behavior by shaping the macro-level incentive
structure and sources of legitimacy (distal mechanisms), firms’ stakeholders can amplify or buffer the institutional forces
by acting as mediators (proximate mechanisms). The two dimensions are interdependent in that stakeholders draw legitimacy
and power from institutions, and institutions are often actualized through stakeholder mechanisms. Together, they form a particular
configuration of external influences that shapes how focal firms construct their CSR strategy. 相似文献
11.
This paper studies the dynamics of the export behaviour of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the U.K. between 1994
and 1998. I use a dynamic empirical model to disentangle three distinct dimensions of a firms’ participation in foreign markets:
sunk cost induced hysteresis, firm heterogeneity and macroeconomic instability. The results show that SMEs view exporting
as an irreversible investment, with state dependence being the largest explanatory factor. Moreover, observable firm characteristics,
such as size and ownership, play a significant role in distinguishing exporters from non-exporters. Finally, there is no evidence
that the 1992–1993 recession influenced firms’ export decisions in subsequent years implying that the results provide a valid
indication of SMEs "typical" export behaviour. 相似文献
12.
Simon C. Parker David J. Storey Arjen van Witteloostuijn 《Small Business Economics》2010,35(2):203-226
The starting point of this study is Gibrat’s Law, which is contrasted with strategic management. This logic is subsequently
applied to a group of remarkably dynamic, high-growth firms: gazelles. Strategic management theory emphasises the importance
of firms adjusting strategies in response to changes in the external environment. In our study, it is used to explain several
key empirical findings using a novel British data set containing information on more than 100 gazelles. These findings help
explain: (1) why Gibrat’s Law of random firm growth processes does not generally hold, (2) which strategy and environmental
variables have a predictable influence on firm performance and (3) why routine application of ‘best practice’ strategies is
unlikely to foster firm growth in a changing economic environment. In so doing, this paper contributes to the large body of
literature on small-firm growth. 相似文献
13.
Elena Fraj-Andrés Eva Martinez-Salinas Jorge Matute-Vallejo 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,88(2):263-286
Since it implies a reduction in the quality and the quantity of the natural resources, environmental degradation is a present
day problem that requires immediate solutions. This situation is driving firms to undertake an environmental transformation
process with the purpose of reducing the negative externalities that come from their economic activities. Within this context,
environmental marketing is an emerging business philosophy by which organizations can address sustainability issues. Moreover,
environmental marketing and orientation are seen as valuable strategies to improve a firm’s competitiveness. However, the
literature that has analyzed the link between environmental strategies and firms’ results has been inconclusive and contradictory.
In this study, we propose and test a model that analyses how the implementation of ecological issues within a firm’s marketing
strategy and orientation influences organizational results. Data were obtained through a survey sent to Spanish manufacturing
firms. The results show that environmental marketing positively affects firms’ operational and commercial performance and
this improvement will influence their economic results. Moreover, environmental marketing is revealed as an excellent strategy
to obtain competitive advantages in costs and in product differentiation. Thus, this study agrees with the researchers who
affirm that environmental strategies positively affect firm’s competitiveness while reducing environmental impact. 相似文献
14.
This study makes use of a sample of Greek manufacturing firms during 1995–2001 in order to analyze Gibrat’s law. We find Gibrat’s
law is rejected for the total sample of firms, since persistence of growth plays a key role. The classification of firms in
size and age groups, however, yields more interesting results: Gibrat’s law is rejected for micro, small, and young firms,
since an inverse relationship between firm growth and initial firm size is found along with a persistence of growth rates
in subsequent periods. In contrast, Gibrat’s law is accepted for medium, large, and old firms, implying that the growth patterns
of these categories follow a random walk and do not tend to persist in subsequent periods. 相似文献
15.
Impact of firm size and age on the export behaviour of small locally owned firms: Fresh insights 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Densil Anthony Williams 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2011,9(2):152-174
This paper analyses the impact of size and age on small firms’ export behaviour. A review of the literature reveals that the
extant conclusions are fragmented, inconclusive and limited in geographical scope. This study aims to address these limitations
by analysing small, locally owned firms’ export behaviour from a novel location that has never been studied in the extant
literature. The study draws on data from Jamaica, a small, open Caribbean economy. The statistical analysis revealed that
size, not age, has a significant impact on export behaviour. Furthermore, other factors such as the owner’s previous international
job experience and foreign travel experience also play an important role. These findings have implications for future research
on the export behaviour of small firms, especially those from emerging environments. In addition, they provide export policy
makers who are engaged in export stimulation among small, locally owned firms, with profile of firms that have a greater proclivity
to export. 相似文献
16.
Economic openness, both in terms of increased international trade exposure and enhanced inter-firm networking, has been a
key element of China’s economic emergence since the implementation of market reforms and the “opening-up policy” over 30 years
ago. Unfortunately, these changes have also coincided with the increased incidence of bribery and corruption. Both in general,
and in the specific context of China, research on the relationship between a firm’s tendency toward openness and its propensity
to engage in bribery is scarce. This study seeks to fill this gap based on empirical evidence provided by a large sample of
Chinese firms. The findings of the study reveal that firms’ increased networking and openness tend to occur contemporaneously
with greater bribery and corruption. We suggest that this may be due to the misuse of guanxi-based networks that coincide
with the presence of firms’ open network strategies, heightened by the potential loss of resource and capability heterogeneity
(and hence reduced competitive advantages) in the context of openness. We further find that firms paying bribes do so as an
attempt to overcome unnecessary bureaucratic processes and ineffective institutional support that might tend to hinder their
development. 相似文献
17.
In this paper, not only do we posit that the presence of a multinational corporation may entail significant benefits for the
host economy and local firms’ performance, but also that these benefits can be actively sought and dynamically reinforced
by local firms through the development of intense, embedded customer–supplier relationships. Building on the relational view,
we argue that this may happen through the commitment of resources to relation-specific investments. Our hypotheses find support
in a sample of SMEs suppliers of ST Microelectronics, the fourth largest producer of microelectronic components in the world.
We show that by making relation-specific investments, local firms can grow quantitatively and qualitatively, improve their
innovativeness, and acquire new clients. 相似文献
18.
In recent years, firms have greatly increased the amount of resources allocated to activities classified as Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR). While an increase in CSR expenditure may be consistent with firm value maximization if it is a response
to changes in stakeholders’ preferences, we argue that a firm’s insiders (managers and large blockholders) may seek to over- invest
in CSR for their private benefit to the extent that doing so improves their reputations as good global citizens and has a
“warm-glow” effect. We test this hypothesis by investigating the relation between firms’ CSR ratings and their ownership and
capital structures. Employing a unique data set that categorizes the largest 3000 U.S. corporations as either socially responsible
(SR) or socially irresponsible (SI), we find that on average, insiders’ ownership and leverage are negatively related to the
firm’s social rating, while institutional ownership is uncorrelated with it. Assuming that higher CSR ratings is associated
with higher CSR expenditure level, these results support our hypothesis that insiders induce firms to over-invest in CSR when
they bear little of the cost of doing so. 相似文献
19.
Christopher Baughn Nancy L. Bodie Mark A Buchanan Michael B. Bixby 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,92(1):15-32
Globalization leads to cross-border business transactions between societies with very different norms and regulations regarding
bribery. Bribery in international business transactions can be seen as a function of not only the demand for such bribes in
different countries, but the supply, or willingness to provide bribes by multinational firms and their representatives. This
study addresses the propensity of firms from 30 different countries to engage in international bribery. The study incorporates
both domestic (economic development, culture, and domestic corruption in the supplying country) and international factors
(those countries’ patterns of trade and involvement in international accords) in explaining the willingness to bribe abroad.
The propensity to provide bribes was the lowest when corruption was not tolerated in the multinational firms’ home countries,
when the firms’ countries were signatories of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) anti-bribery
convention, and when those countries traded heavily with wealthier nations. Further, these findings are maintained when controlling
for levels of economic development and cultural values in the supplying country. In terms of culture, firms from high power
distance countries showed a somewhat greater propensity for providing bribes in transactions with less-developed nations. 相似文献
20.
This study investigates the effects of internal and external corporate governance and monitoring mechanisms on the choice
of corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement and the value of firms engaging in CSR activities. The study finds the
CSR choice is positively associated with the internal and external corporate governance and monitoring mechanisms, including
board leadership, board independence, institutional ownership, analyst following, and anti- takeover provisions, after controlling
for various firm characteristics. After correcting for endogeneity and simultaneity issues, the results show that CSR engagement
positively influences firm value measured by industry-adjusted Tobin’s q. We find that the impact of analyst following for
firms that engage in CSR on firm value is strongly positive, while the board leadership, board independence, blockholders’
ownership, and institutional ownership play a relatively weaker role in enhancing firm value. Furthermore, we find that CSR
activities that address internal social enhancement within the firm, such as employees diversity, firm relationship with its
employees, and product quality, enhance the value of firm more than other CSR subcategories for broader external social enhancement
such as community relation and environmental concerns. 相似文献