我国企业还未弄懂"品牌国际化"

品牌国际化是营销中的专门用语,有它的特定含义,不是哪一个企业想说自己的品牌国际化了,就是品牌国际化了。误解常常有几种:认为企业生产的产品质量达到了国际性的品质要求,比如与跨国企业的品牌产品相当,或是大量的OEM,也就是用别人的品牌加工出口产品.就品牌国际化。再认为取一个"很靓"的洋品牌名字,完成了所谓的品牌识别系统的国际化设计,看起来像是一个国外的品牌,就与国际接轨了。还认为在国外打上广告,宣传企业品牌就是品牌国际化了。其实,这些都不是"品牌国际化"。     

基于生态位视角的国企品牌国际化战略研究

企业品牌成长的生态位,包括企业品牌自身的生态环境和企业品牌成长所需要的生态环境。国企品牌国际化过程面临着两个方面的挑战:一是产业价值链端口低,品牌附加值缺失的生态位挑战;二是品牌国际化过程生态位路径选择的挑战。为此,需要采取以全球思维推进国企品牌国际化的本土化实施;以全球思维创新商业模式,提升国企品牌国际化的业态层次;以全球思维进行品牌战略管理,健全国企品牌国际化的危机风险管控机制,从而改善国企品牌国际化的生态形象,增强市场话语权。     

基于生态位视角的国企品牌国际化战略研究北大核心

企业品牌成长的生态位,包括企业品牌自身的生态环境和企业品牌成长所需要的生态环境。国企品牌国际化过程面临着两个方面的挑战:一是产业价值链端口低,品牌附加值缺失的生态位挑战;二是品牌国际化过程生态位路径选择的挑战。为此,需要采取以全球思维推进国企品牌国际化的本土化实施;以全球思维创新商业模式,提升国企品牌国际化的业态层次;以全球思维进行品牌战略管理,健全国企品牌国际化的危机风险管控机制,从而改善国企品牌国际化的生态形象,增强市场话语权。     

中国企业的国际品牌策略——品牌文化内涵的国际化扩散

品牌国际化是企业在进行跨国经营活动中,占领世界市场并建立国际化品牌的过程。在这个过程中,文化无疑是一个至关重要的因素,如何做好品牌文化的国际化,可以说是品牌国际化的关键一步。     

我国企业还未弄懂“品牌国际化”管理

品牌国际化是营销中的专门用语，有它的特定含义，不是哪一个企业想说自己的品牌国际化了，就是品牌国际化了。误解常常有几种：认为企业生产的产品质量达到了国际性的品质要求，比如与跨国企业的品牌产品相当，或是大量的OEM，也就是用别人的品牌加工出口产品，就品牌国际化。再认为取一个“很靓”的洋品牌名字，完成了所谓的品牌识别系统的国际化设计，看起来像是一个国外的品牌，就与国际接轨了。     

中国企业品牌国际化体育营销问题分析与思考

随着经济全球化和我国加入世界贸易组织,我国企业品牌国际化成为历史的必然,借助体育营销实现品牌国际化已经成为企业的一种重要营销手段,我国对国际顶级体育赛事承办的增加,为我国企业树立国际品牌形象提供了良好的展示平台.然而,在体育营销过程中,我国企业如何利用环境优势,采用什么样的营销战略实现品牌国际化的目的,成为社会关注的焦点.为此,笔者对我国企业品牌国际化体育营销现状进行分析,并提出我国企业品牌国际化体育营销的对策和建议,为我国企业品牌国际化体育营销提供理论依据.     

中国品牌国际化之思考

随着世界经济一体化步伐的加快,“走出去”成为中国企业的重要战略,而品牌国际化已经成为不可抗拒的历史潮流。本文在重新认识品牌国际化内涵的基础上,分析了我国品牌的现状,提出了中国品牌国际化的途径。     

广东外向型企业品牌国际化市场路径选择研究

外向型企业品牌国际化的前提是转变企业经营模式,即从传统的OEM经营模式最终转变为OBM模式。论文以广东外向型企业为例,在界定品牌国际化及其研究意义的基础上,提出了外向型企业品牌国际化的市场路径与选择方案,为后金融危机时期广东乃至全国的外向型中小企业品牌国际化进程提供了理论指导。     

中国品牌国际化的障碍与对策

随着经济一体化和全球化的纵深发展,各国企业在全球范围内的竞争愈演愈烈,我国企业要想在国际市场上占有一席之地,必然要实施品牌国际化战略,创立国际化名牌。文章首先对品牌国际化的内含进行剖析,接着从文化、经济实力等方面的分析了我国企业实施品牌国际化的障碍,最后从本土化以及如何做好产品两方面来着重论述我国企业实施品牌国际化的对策。     

3．中国著名品牌的国际化实践——3．1海尔：中国品牌国际化的成功实践

总体来看,中国品牌国际化还处于起步阶段。目前,中国只有少数一线企业初步在国际市场上塑造国际化品牌,同时这些企业的品牌国际化之路普遍处于发展初期。 海尔（Haier）是中国品牌国际化的成功实践者,在各国际目标市场中初步济身于一线品牌行列。联想（Lenovo）在国际市场已经形成了一定的知名度和认知度,近两年将是品牌国际化发展的关键时期。华为（Huawei）在非洲、拉美、中东、东南亚等相对低端市场取得了显著成功,同时在欧、美市场的品牌影响力也稳步增强。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.