服务业与制造业对华FDI区位选择的差异——基于存量调整模型的实证研究

选取我国省级细分行业面板数据,利用存量调整模型,对服务业与制造业的对华FDI区位选择的差异进行了研究。结果表明:与经济发达国家不同,处于转轨阶段的中国制造业FDI存量调整到均衡水平的速度快于服务业;服务业和制造业跨国公司在中国投资时,服务业FDI看重市场规模和基础设施水平,受集聚因素的影响不显著,制造业则看重市场规模和劳动力成本,倾向于投资到产业集聚度高的地区。此外,由于政府优惠政策多向制造业倾斜,因而地方政府控制力越大越有利于吸引制造业FDI,而不利于吸引服务业FDI。     

“双循环”背景下江西省生产性服务业集聚推动制造业升级研究

采取理论与实证相结合的方法,研究生产性服务业集聚推动制造业升级的主要作用机制,测算江西省2009—2019年的生产性服务业集聚程度。用SPSS软件对相关数据进行相关分析、线性回归分析。结果表明,江西省生产性服务业集聚程度与制造业效率之间存在较高的相关性。在此基础上,提出江西省生产性服务业与制造业协同发展的策略。     

Assessing foreign direct investment relationships between China,Japan, and the United States

China has received enormous inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in recent years, including significant flows from Japan and the US. We examine these investment flows in detail to gain perspectives on their relative importance for the three countries involved. We also analyze the industrial composition of FDI flows over time. American FDI flows to China have been less concentrated in manufacturing than average for investors in China while Japan's FDI flows have been much more concentrated in manufacturing, particularly in transport, electrical and machinery industries in recent years. Using survey data from American and Japanese affiliates, we compare the employment patterns and sales destinations of American and Japanese affiliates in China. We find a much higher degree of export-orientation for Japanese affiliates than American affiliates, with the latter tending to make the vast majority of their sales in the Chinese market. Over time, however, we find a tendency towards convergence in the sales destinations of Japanese and American affiliates.     

FDI of German Companies During Globalization and Deglobalization

Based on micro-level data of German companies from 1873 to 1927, we identified horizontal and vertical FDI applying a Knowledge-Capital model and analyzed individual FDI decisions. Our KC model revealed that market-driven FDI predominated; however, wage gaps and differences in human capital stimulated cost-driven FDI flows, which accounted for up to 10% of total FDI. On an individual level, large companies with high profitability conducted more FDI. Higher tariffs after WWI enhanced FDI, as companies could circumvent trade barriers—but declining openness reduced FDI. In spite of disintegration after WWI, the propensity to invest increased due to higher market concentration and firm specific investment patterns—albeit industry agglomeration effects were of minor importance.     

Heterogeneity of FDI Export Spillovers and Its Policy Implications: The Experience of China

This paper explores the magnitude and heterogeneity of foreign direct investment (FDI) export spillovers in China. Using a Heckman sample selection model estimated over a rich firm‐level dataset in China's manufacturing sector from 2000 to 2003, we find that FDI exerts significant impacts on the exporting behavior of domestic firms, and such impacts are heterogeneous in that some firms receive positive impacts while others receive negative impacts. The heterogeneity of FDI spillovers has significant policy implications as it indicates that government policies need to be more specific and targeted in order for the benefits of FDI to be reaped.     

Agglomeration and location of foreign direct investment: The case of China

This paper investigates the effect of agglomeration on foreign direct investment (FDI) location in China. We use different measures of agglomeration, and test both within and across region agglomeration effect. The results suggest that urbanization, foreign-specific agglomeration and industry diversity have positive impact on FDI location. Urbanization, foreign-specific agglomeration and industry specialization, also significantly promote industrial FDI. The results also suggest there exist both within and across region agglomeration effects. Other factors including market size, wage, education, road density, government policy and trade cost also have significant impacts on FDI location.     

不完全信息与生产者服务业国际产业转移

Raff和Ruhr(2001)所创立的生产者服务业产业转移一次博弈模型存在逻辑上的缺陷,本文把该一次博弈模型发展为重复博弈模型,以揭示制造业FDI对生产者服务业产业转移区域分布的可能影响。随后,本文借助于1985～2006年美国对OECD中24个国家直接投资的数据检验了以上影响。结果表明,除了批发贸易类生产者服务业以外,其他各类生产者服务业在产业转移中均明显具有追逐制造业FDI的倾向。本文的研究同时得出了一些与现有研究不同的结论:生产者服务业的产业转移大多不受东道国市场规模因素与政治环境因素的影响,而且与工资水平呈正相关关系。     

Real exchange-rate uncertainty and US foreign direct investment: an empirical analysis

This paper empirically analyzes the impact of exchange-rate uncertainty, exchange-rate movements, and expectations on foreign direct investment (FDI). Using data on US outward FDI for the period 1984–2004 we examine two competing measures of exchange-rate volatility. While the standard measure yields a discouraging effect on FDI outflows in all industries the alternative risk specification reveals a clear distinction between manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries, with the latter showing a positive correlation with increased exchange risk. A real appreciation of host-country currency was associated with higher FDI flows, while expectations about an appreciation showed a negative result.     

日本服务业与制造业对外直接投资的比较和关联性分析

服务业对外直接投资在国际投资中的地位和作用日益重要,甚至已超过制造业曾经的优势地位。虽然我国目前接受的外商直接投资依然以制造业为主,但是世界市场对外直接投资的趋势和规律依然值得我们关注。本文以日本为研究对象,比较分析了日本服务业与制造业对外直接投资在规模、区位和产业分布上的差异,并实证分析了服务业与制造业对外直接投资的关联性,试图探求国际直接投资中上述两大行业发展的独特的规律,为我国的外资工作提供经验和发展思路。     

FDI对珠三角装备制造业集聚影响的实证分析

文章利用2000～2007年珠三角九市装备制造业的数据,首先对珠三角装备制造业的集聚状况进行了描述,然后通过对模型形式进行检验选取了变系数模型来研究FDI对装备制造业集聚的影响。结果表明FDI能够显著地促进珠三角九市装备制造业的集聚,最后根据实证结果提出了相应的政策建议。     

FDI结构性转变是否促进经济增长

随着经济结构日趋服务化,我国外商直接投资结构发生了深刻变化,外商直接投资逐步从制造业转向服务业。本文基于内生经济增长模型,运用系统GMM两步法,考察了FDI结构性转变对经济增长影响,并利用2004--2010年省级面板数据进行实证分析。研究结果显示：（1）FDI流向服务业有利于整体劳动生产率增长;（2）我国FDI的结构性转变对制造业劳动生产率的提升作用显著,对服务业生产率的促进作用尚未体现;（3）FDI结构变迁存在明显的地域差异,东部地区与西部地区FDI结构性转变对劳动生产率的促进作用显著。本文的研究为提高我国服务业发展绩效,优化产业结构以及经济增长方式的转型升级提供了可行路径,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

Sectoral FDI cycles in South and East Asia

This study aims to analyze how sectoral foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in South and East Asian economies respond to changes in the business cycles of the host countries, as measured by their output gaps. We focus on 15 economies during the period 1980–2011 and examine inflows of FDI in extractive industries, manufacturing and services in addition to aggregate FDI by using a dynamic panel Blundell–Bond GMM methodology. We find evidence of countercyclical behavior of services FDI and acyclical behavior of both extractive industries FDI and manufacturing FDI. The coutercyclical behavior of services FDI in South and East Asia has important policy implications.     

Spillovers from foreign direct investment in services: Evidence at sub-sectoral level for the Asia-Pacific

We take a sectoral level approach to analyzing the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. We disaggregate FDI first by manufacturing versus services, then within services by financial services, trade services, and business services. We consider the effects of FDI inflows on growth of GDP per capita, then distinguish between growth in manufacturing and services value added per capita. Our data sample comprises 14 Asia Pacific economies for the period 1985–2012 to which we apply a dynamic panel generalized method of moments estimation technique. Services FDI as a whole is found to have a significantly positive impact on GDP growth while manufacturing FDI is found to have no effect. The impetus for growth from services FDI traces to financial services in particular, acting not only directly on service sector output but through manufacturing sector output as well. By contrast, trade services FDI is found to have a significantly negative effect on manufacturing output with no significant effect on services output. Foreign participation in trade services may act to expose domestic manufacturers to international competition and may also lead to domestic consolidation to take advantage of economies of scale.     

Regional division of labor from agglomeration economies’ perspective: some evidence

This study aims at elaborating the evolving degree of completeness of outward investment of manufacturing and its consequence from the view of regional development since the People’s Republic of China opened her door to foreign direct investment. After two decades of Hong Kong’s progressive manufacturing cross-border processing of labor-intensive operations performed in the proximate Guangdong province, a regional division of labor has developed by taking advantages of the agglomeration economies of the Hong Kong-Pearl River Delta region.The analysis is conducted based on such a perspective using the 1998 data of a population of 2,441 electronics joint ventures in Guangdong. Findings suggested that firms’ location (density) distribution, via exploiting the agglomeration economies, followed a pattern well explained by a simple gravity model with Hong Kong as the main core. The existing Pearl River Delta cities and the associated cluster economies have also demonstrated attraction for foreign direct investment. Firm size and age effects were also investigated. The findings confirmed the economic contributions of electronics joint ventures, the small ones in particular, to the development of Guangdong and the Hong Kong-Pearl River Delta region. Some suggestions on regional policy coordination were initiated.     

FDI与江苏服务业产业结构优化的实证分析

随着江苏省服务业FDI的不断增长,并将逐步成为外商在江苏投资的主体,势必会对江苏服务业产业结构优化产生一定地影响。本文选取1990～2007年的江苏实际利用外资额和传统服务业增加值及现代服务业增加值作为样本数据,运用格兰杰因果检验方法,关于FDI是否会对服务业产业结构优化产生影响进行了实证分析,研究表明FDI是现代或传统服务业增加值的格兰杰原因,对现代服务业增加值的报酬率大于对传统服务业增加值的报酬率,即FDI促进了服务业产业结构优化。     

Is the relationship between foreign direct investment and trade different across developed and developing countries? Evidence from Korea

Empirical studies that pool data from developed and developing countries may conflate the separate roles played. The pooled coefficient estimates may significantly misrepresent the true relationships. This paper analyses the impact of outward and inward foreign direct investment (FDI) flows between Korea and developed and developing countries on Korean exports in 12 manufacturing sectors over the 1988–2006 period. The evidence suggests that the outward FDI to developing countries is likely to increase Korean exports to those countries than FDI to developed countries likely to increase exports to developed countries. Thus, pooling investment flows can lead to incorrect inferences.     

生产性服务业集聚如何提升制造业创新效率?——基于集聚外部性的理论分析与实证检验

文章基于集聚外部性的角度理论分析了生产性服务业集聚对制造业创新效率提升的影响机制,并利用2007-2016年的省级面板数据,实证检验了生产性服务业集聚的三个外部性对制造业创新效率的影响。结果表明,生产性服务业集聚的MAR外部性和Porter外部性能提升制造业创新效率,而Jacobs外部性对制造业创新效率的影响并不显著。从区域异质性来看,在东部地区,生产性服务业集聚的Porter外部性对制造业创新效率的促进效应更为显著,而在中西部地区,生产性服务业集聚的MAR外部性对制造业创新效率的提升作用更为显著。     

FDI对广东省经济发展的实证分析

随着经济全球化进程的加速,外商投资在广东经济发展中的作用越来越受到重视。本文从FDI与广东的GDP、就业、进出口总额和固定资产投资等方面进行实证分析,验证FDI对广东经济增长的促进作用,并在此基础上提出一些吸引外资的建议。     

产业集聚促进产业转型升级了吗？——基于中国制造业的实证分析

基于2011-2018年中国的省际面板数据,首先利用区位熵测度了中国制造业31个细分行业的产业集聚水平,然后从产业高端化、产业智能化和产业绿色化三个维度构建了制造业转型升级综合评价指标体系,运用熵权法确定各项指标权重后计算产业转型升级指数。在此基础上,构建计量模型实证检验了中国制造业产业集聚对产业转型升级的影响。结果表明：产业集聚显著促进了制造业转型升级,政府支出、基础设施建设、人力资本、外商直接投资同样对制造业转型升级产生了显著的正向影响,而劳动力成本则对制造业转型升级产生了负向影响。     

高技术服务业FDI对中美制造业效率影响的比较分析——基于中介效应分析

随着以信息技术为代表的新技术的广泛应用以及经济全球化进程的加快,全球产业转移进入了新的阶段,高技术服务业FDI对制造业效率影响日益重要。本文引入生产制造成本和创新能力作为中介变量,对中美高技术服务业FDI对制造业效率的影响路径进行比较分析。结果表明,美国高技术服务业FDI通过降低生产成本和提高创新能力对制造业效率均有显著的正效应,而中国只有科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业FDI通过提高创新能力对制造业效率影响显著,其他变量均没有通过中介效应检验。我国应借鉴美国服务业的成功经验,发挥高技术服务业FDI对制造业效率的促进作用。