零售业需求实现的外购新模式--供应商管理的商品分类管理

分析零售业目前需求实现模式中存在问题的基础上，为零售业提出了一种新的需求实现流程的外购选择一供应商管理的商品分类管理，这种方式将为零售业处理目前所遇到的问题提供一种思路。     

Some political and cultural issues in the globalisation of software development: case experience from Britain and India

Global outsourcing of software development is a phenomenon that is receiving considerable interest from North American and European companies currently under pressure to meet their growing manpower resource shortages and find new ways to cut costs. However, these outsourcing arrangements are technologically and organisationally complex, and present a variety of challenges to manage effectively. In this paper we discuss results from an ongoing longitudinal study of a British firm's attempts to develop and manage global software outsourcing arrangements with an Indian software company. More specifically, we focus on understanding management challenges along three key dimensions of culture, organisational politics and the process of distributed development across time and space. The process of globalisation provides the context within which these management challenges can be investigated.     

军事物流外包风险及防范

军事物流外包是当前军事物流领域的研究热点和重点之一。后勤保障要适应新的战争,需要引入第三方物流,进行物流外包,为实现适时、适地、适量的精确保障,提供新的支撑点。然而物流外包是一把“双刃剑”,带来效益的同时也蕴含大量风险。文章从军事物流外包含义出发,分析了军事物流外包风险成因及方式,并且提出了几点防范措施。     

The False Promise of Organizational Culture Change: A Case Study of Middle Managers in Grocery Retailing*

ABSTRACT The strategic importance of managing organizational culture has been a central theme in organizational literature over the past two decades. But relatively little attention has been given to the impact of culture change initiatives on managers. This paper reports on the impact of a programme of culture change on managers at one of Britain's leading grocery retail chains. Based on a series of detailed interviews with managers together with examination of company documents and an understanding of trends in grocery retailing, we explain the purpose and content of change, and document and analyse the reactions of those managers who are expected to change their own cultural orientations as well as persuade their subordinates to change. We conclude that in this case at least changes in managerial behaviour, as with previously documented changes in the behaviour of shopfloor workers, are related more to surveillance, direct control and the threat of sanction than any transformation of managerial values. Indeed, the situation and experiences of managers – one of reduced autonomy, close monitoring and control, and perceived career insecurity – are explained less in relation to ‘organizational culture’, more in relation to organizational (re‐)structuring intended to create a more centralized form of organizational control.     

我国企业财务外包中的风险及对策研究

财务外包是指将财务管理工作中的部分非核心业务或流程外包给专业的财务公司代理记账或处理业务的财务管理模式。目的是为了降低企业成本,充分利用市场资源,更好的发展企业核心业务。本文首先介绍了财务外包和财务外包风险的概念,接着对企业财务外包的风险进行了分析,最后提出了五点管理对策,以期对企业有效的规避和降低财务外包风险提供指导和帮助。     

Initial Shelf Space Considerations at New Grocery Stores: An Allocation Problem With Product Switching and Substitution

Managing limited display areas is an increasingly challenging task in the grocery retail industry, especially given the current high levels of product proliferation. The decision of how to best allocate and manage shelf space is critical to grocery retail profitability. Moreover, this decision is escalated for initial shelf space considerations at new grocery stores. Without loss to generality, this paper presents a new approach to the shelf space allocation problem that could be applied to new grocery stores for determining their initial shelf space consideration by incorporating consumer behavior actions based on the consumer’s decision process.     

基于价值工程的业务外包管理

业务外包是现代企业管理的一种新模式。文章将价值工程的理念引入业务外包,分析了业务外包中的功能与成本,讨论了业务外包的目的和过程,给出了业务外包管理的有益建议。     

Critical success factors for mutual collaboration with suppliers in IT outsourcing industry: a case study of a top IT outsourcing company in Korea

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, information technology (IT) outsourcing companies face enduring demands to reduce cost while increasing productivity. This pressure leads many IT outsourcing companies to rely on outsourcing arrangements with IT personnel suppliers. In order to maximise efficiency, outsourcing companies have focused on fostering high-performing suppliers through improved collaboration and mutual relations. However, it is very difficult to advance to a long-term partnership using the existing outsourcing process because of insufficient collaboration between IT outsourcing companies and their suppliers. Based on collaboration perspective of supply chain management (SCM), this study identifies the critical success factors for collaborative strategic partnerships and presents an evaluation framework for assessing and managing suppliers. We have developed an organisational process model for Supplier relationship management (SRM)-based collaboration which includes some of the key constructs from the previous studies and interviews with the IT outsourcing industry people. In this study, we will identify four types of strategic suppliers and suggest approaches for improving collaborative relationship between an IT outsourcing company and its partner companies. In addition, to validate the feasibility of the proposed model, we applied it to a well-known Korean IT outsourcing company ‘A’.     

Unlocking the business outsourcing process model

Outsourcing has emerged as a prevalent business practice that is having a transformational impact on how many organizations manage their global supply chains. Despite this prominence, anecdotal reports from multiple reputable organizations suggest that many businesses fail to realize the benefits anticipated from their outsourcing initiatives. Motivated by these observations, this study investigates those management practices during the outsourcing process that are key drivers of outsourcing performance. Specifically, detailed data from 198 sourcing executives and managers responsible for outsourcing initiatives are used to investigate the influence that strategic evaluation, contractual completeness, and relationship management practices have on achieving projected outsourcing results. The results offer strong empirical evidence that outsourcing performance is significantly influenced by extensive strategic evaluation and proactive relationship management practices. Moreover, the impact strategic evaluation has on outsourcing performance is not direct, but rather is partially mediated by the relationship between the parties. Finally, the results show that contractual completeness does not distinguish between successful and unsuccessful outsourcing efforts, and can be considered qualifying activity.     

Consumer Food Co-ops in the Age of Grocery Giants

As the primary purveyors of food within most neighborhoods, food retailers—particularly grocery stores—are key determinants of health. Grocery stores are also an important venue for food producers to access their customers. Over the previous 100 years—and more rapidly over the previous 40 years—ownership among grocery retailers has become concentrated in fewer firms. As a consequence, grocery stores have emerged as food system “gatekeepers.” On one side of the gate are consumers, who depend on these firms to access the food supply. On the other side are the food producers: farmers, ranchers, fishers, processors, and manufacturers. As concentration in the grocery retail sector increases, so too have the grocery giants’ practices enabled them to assume much stronger positions in the buyer-supplier relationship. With a focus on the United States and Canada, this article examines the history and rise to dominance of the largest grocery retailers and the impacts this dominance has had on the food system. Whereas most food retailers are structured under private or publicly traded models of ownership, the cooperative business model—specifically, the consumer-cooperative model—is presented as an important alternative. Cooperatives are a democratic form of ownership that enables the people who most depend on the grocery store (shoppers) to become equal owners in the business along with thousands of others in their community. The importance of consumer-food cooperatives (food co-ops) is examined, including specific case studies of small and large urban centers where food co-ops are providing substantial benefits to the communities they operate in.     

What threatens retail employees' thriving at work under leader‐member exchange? The role of store spatial crowding and team negative affective tone

Thriving at work is a positive psychological state that captures employees' joint experience of learning and vitality. Building on the socially embedded model of thriving , we first propose the positive relationship between leader‐member exchange (LMX) and retail employees' thriving at work. We then explore store spatial crowding as a contextual constraint on this relationship. To better reveal this contextual impact, we further contend that team negative affective tone mediates the cross‐level moderating effect of store spatial crowding on the LMX–thriving linkage. Using two‐wave survey data collected from retail employees and their store managers across 89 stores of a grocery retail chain, we found empirical evidence on our multilevel‐mediated moderation model. This study highlights the importance of considering wider contextual features as boundary conditions to thriving. Our results suggest theoretical modifications to the existing thriving model and offer implications on the practical interventions that retailing organizations can take to develop a thriving workforce.     

业务外包决策管理分析

一、引言 美国管理科学专家曾于上个世纪80年代初提出了并进行系统研究的一种决策分析理论—能力集分析（Competence Set Analysis）。能力集分析作为一门应用性很强的决策分析科学，在企业能力、动态战略决策等领域有着广泛的应用，包括企业业务外包决策。     

Achieving efficiency and effectiveness in Purchasing and Supply Management: Organization design and outsourcing

As a function with a strategic role, Purchasing and Supply Management (PSM) needs to continuously find ways to improve its efficiency and effectiveness. One potential way to specifically addressing efficiency targets is to outsource parts of the purchasing process. While outsourcing remains one of the most prevalent business practices in various areas, many businesses fail to realize the benefits anticipated from their outsourcing initiatives. Research reports that one major reason for these outsourcing challenges lies in the design of the focal organization. In this paper, we take an organization design view to outsourcing in the PSM context. Based on a multi-year case study from 2010 to 2013 at a global chemical and pharmaceutical company, we elaborate how the organizational design of the PSM function relates to outsourcing opportunities in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness by allocating internal resources to more value-adding activities. The case illustrates how an activity-based organizational design of PSM can support outsourcing of some parts of the purchasing process.     

企业人力资源管理外包的研究

随着全球经济一体化及信息技术的飞速发展,越来越多的企业将自己不擅长的业务外包,从而在激烈的市场竞争中取得优势地位。目前,大多数人力资源管理部门正在通过业务外包来达到提高效率、增强企业核心竞争力的目的。本文从外包的定义出发,探讨了人力资源管理外包的概念、内容,并比较了国内外企业人力资源外包的方式,分析了人力资源管理外包的优势和作用．从五个方面详细探讨了人力资源管理外包的过程和步骤。     

Innovation risks of strategic outsourcing

Outsourcing was originally confined to peripheral business functions and mainly motivated by a cost saving logic, but has now developed into a routine strategic management move that affects not only peripheral functions but the heart of the competitive core of organisations. At the same time there is a move from traditional outsourcing with one or a small number of key partners and long-term contracts to strategic outsourcing with multiple partners and short-term contracts. This paper investigates the innovation-related risks that can arise from strategic outsourcing and adopts a trust, collaboration and network perspective for this analysis. It uses the example of Information technology/Information Systems (IT/IS) outsourcing to highlight the increased risks that arise from a move from traditional to strategic outsourcing and discusses some measures that managers can take to attempt to control these risks. The nature of the risk is closely related to the risk of information leakage that arises from collaborative research and technology development between organisations in technology-intensive sectors that has been analysed by Hoecht and Trott [Hoecht, A., Trott, P., 1999. Trust, risk and control in the management of collaborative technology development. International Journal of Innovation Management 3(1), 257–270].     

试论营销外包

营销外包是实现公司营销目标的一种新管理方式,美国、日本很多企业已实行营销外包,我国虽然才刚刚兴起,但营销外包已是大势所趋。文章介绍了营销外包的类型和作用,并指出营销外包应注意的问题。     

国内市场:我国服务外包业规模化发展的根基

"十二五"时期,我国服务外包业的发展正方兴未艾。本文针对目前普遍存在的"将服务外包完全等同于离岸外包"的发展误区,指明国内市场才是我国服务外包产业实现规模化发展的关键,并对即将启动的金融、政府和电信等服务外包市场进行深入分析,提出了通过"政府鼓励、社会支持和企业自主发展"的模式,和衷共济开拓国内服务外包市场,为外包产业的新一轮发展赢得先机的思路。     

Category management initiatives from the retailer perspective: a study in the Brazilian grocery retail industry

This paper aims to bridge a gap in the literature concerning implementation processes and outcomes of category management initiatives in a developing country context. It presents the results of a study into initiatives of adoption of this tool in the Brazilian grocery retail industry, based on three in-depth case studies with retailers covering both pre-implementation, implementation and post-implementation issues. There is indication of satisfaction on the part of retailers with the business outcomes and learning effects of the initiatives. However, there seems to be the need for a better definition of medium and long-term actions as well as planning of investments in resources and technology.