异质性创业机会的识别与开发——两家母婴用品企业的案例研究

创业机会作为创业研究领域的核心议题,本身又是一个充满争议的概念。本文结合时代背景,以母婴用品行业两家成功的企业为案例,得出在复杂动荡的外部环境下,不同知识属性的创业机会的价值创造潜力是不同的,外显性机会要真正内化成企业独特的内隐性机会才能实现其价值。同时结合机会的识别与开发过程说明人与机会、组织条件等的深层次匹配,是产生创业绩效差异的重要因素。     

创业机会理论研究综述

创业机会一直是创业研究领域的核心问题。近十几年来,学者们对创业机会的内涵、来源以及创业机会的识别和评价等问题进行了大量研究,并取得了不少有价值的研究成果。在此基础上,着重对创业机会的相关研究进行了梳理、阐释和总结,对个别关键问题进行了多角度的认识,并指出创业机会研究存在的不足和进一步的研究方向。     

当前国内外创业机会研究述评

创业机会逐渐发展成为创业研究的前提和核心。国内外学者围绕创业机会形成的研究焦点是创业机会的来源、识别、评价和利用。在新的时代背景下,创业机会具体来源途径、组织背景下的创业机会识别、量化的评价模式、组织员工对创业机会的利用将是下一步创业机会研究的中心。     

国际新创企业海外创业机会识别与开发

国际新创企业作为一种新型的创业形式和国际企业组织类型,对传统的国际化理论提出了挑战。本文基于国际创业的视角,从创业机会的角度来探讨国际新创企业创立与成长问题,揭示了国际新创企业创业机会的来源以及企业家机会识别与开发过程及其影响因素。     

基于原型理论的创业机会识别研究

我国已经全面进入机会型创业阶段,这不仅有助于全面提升我国经济的竞争力,更是大力推动着我国经济的转型和发展。本文在分析创业机会和机会识别的基础上,将原型理论引入,从机会特性对创业机会识别进行了解读,为机会识别研究做出了新的尝试。     

不同信息来源对创业机会识别的影响——基于利益相关度和风险倾向的调节作用

创业者从家庭和朋友、指导者、同事、专业论坛获得信息。大量文献研究表明,这些信息来源对创业者进行创业机会识别起到直接、正向作用。然而,很少有人研究信息来源和创业机会间的调节因素。本文通过将利益相关度和风险倾向作为调节变量,发现利益相关度的调节作用显著,与创业者利益相关度高的家庭和朋友、指导者、同事、专业论坛提供的信息,更能帮助创业者识别创业机会;而风险倾向的调节作用不显著,创业者风险倾向水平不同,并不影响其在各种信息来源中识别创业机会。     

创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别

创业活动是创新、就业和经济增长的重要来源。企业家通过持续探索创造新业务,促进社会和经济的发展和繁荣。本文基于资源基础理论和知识基础理论,以大众创业浪潮为研究背景,深入揭示创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别之间的关系,并以中国246份创业新企业为样本进行了实证研究。研究结果表明：创业导向对新企业的机会识别和外部知识获取均具有积极影响;外部知识获取在创业导向和新企业的机会识别之间起到部分中介作用;此外,市场知识获取比技术知识获取对创业机会识别的影响更为突出。     

资源众筹中的创业机会识别研究

创业机会是指市场中未得到充分利用的能力或资源.资源众筹过程中对创业机会的敏感、捕捉和占据成为新时代创业优势的主要来源.识别资源众筹中的创业机会,可以从资源市场空隙、资源市场空间、资源市场空缺、资源市场变化四个方面入手.对资源众筹中创业机会识别的影响因子,从创业动机、创业者身份、自我效能及创业机会识别为维度测量建立模型开展研究.     

资源众筹中的创业机会识别研究

创业机会是指市场中未得到充分利用的能力或资源.资源众筹过程中对创业机会的敏感、捕捉和占据成为新时代创业优势的主要来源.识别资源众筹中的创业机会,可以从资源市场空隙、资源市场空间、资源市场空缺、资源市场变化四个方面入手.对资源众筹中创业机会识别的影响因子,从创业动机、创业者身份、自我效能及创业机会识别为维度测量建立模型开展研究.     

资源众筹中的创业机会识别研究

创业机会是指市场中未得到充分利用的能力或资源.资源众筹过程中对创业机会的敏感、捕捉和占据成为新时代创业优势的主要来源.识别资源众筹中的创业机会,可以从资源市场空隙、资源市场空间、资源市场空缺、资源市场变化四个方面入手.对资源众筹中创业机会识别的影响因子,从创业动机、创业者身份、自我效能及创业机会识别为维度测量建立模型开展研究.     

Identifying business opportunities for sustainable development: Longitudinal and experimental evidence contributing to the field of sustainable entrepreneurship

Which factors facilitate the identification of business opportunities for sustainable development? To answer this question, we develop a process model of sustainable opportunity identification. We argue that sustainable opportunity identification is a process with transitions from problem to solution identification and from solution to sustainable opportunity identification. Moreover, the transitions are facilitated by two factors—awareness of adverse consequences and entrepreneurial attitude—providing motivation and direction in the process. We tested our model in a field study (N = 107) and two experiments (N = 53 and N = 69). Our findings show that awareness of adverse consequences and entrepreneurial attitude influence the process of sustainable opportunity identification, explaining under which conditions people are more likely to identify business opportunities for sustainable development. Our study thus contributes to the field of sustainable entrepreneurship.     

创业者能力和机会对产品差异化优势的影响

本研究针对相关产业成长期创业的差异化阶段进行探索性研究。研究问题：哪些知识和机会概念的构成因素产生产品属性与竞争优势？经过对方太公司案例的探索,得出以下结论：低相关产业成长期创业的产业特殊知识门槛低,创业团队的学习创新能力强,创业决策时存在创业机会,才能使产品差异化成功。创业机会是一个潜藏着利润的特殊产业结构,本研究命名为创业机会结构,它由以下项目构成：（1）下游存在市场需求并成长;（2）忽视产品问题的竞争者数量多;（3）创业者有异质理念知识。差异化成功将产生上市新产品的三个产品竞争属性,即产品需求强度、产品有价值的差异程度、产品稀少性。这三个产品竞争属性正向影响产品竞争优势程度,进一步影响后续的利润。     

高科技企业创业机会辨识的案例研究

创业者对创业机会的辨识是创业过程的起点也是重点,本文采用案例研究的方法,通过分析两个不同地域和行业的高科技企业,从创业者特征、技术领先、企业所在环境分析以及政府政策几个方面分析创业机会辨识的影响因素,最后得出一个简单的高科技企业创业机会的辨识过程。     

Time and the Entrepreneurial Journey: The Problems and Promise of Studying Entrepreneurship as a Process

We examine the growing disconnect between the process‐oriented conception of entrepreneurship taught in the classroom and theorized about in premier journals and the variance‐oriented conception of entrepreneurship that characterizes empirical studies of the phenomenon. We propose that a shift in inquiry from entrepreneurship as an act to entrepreneurship as a journey could facilitate process‐oriented research by initiating a dialogue about the nature of the entrepreneurial journey, when it has begun and ended, whether it might be productively subdivided into variables or events, and what if anything remains constant throughout the process. Finally, we propose that a clearer understanding of the entrepreneurial journey is necessary to distinguish the field horizontally from research on creativity and strategy, and vertically from research on more practical business functions or more abstract systems‐level concepts.     

Who am I? The influence of social identification on academic entrepreneurs’ role conflict

Academic entrepreneurs are the key actors in academic entrepreneurship. However, the individual level of research on academic entrepreneurship remains undeveloped. To better understand the micro foundation of academic entrepreneurship, we investigate the influence of social identification on academic entrepreneurs’ role conflict. Using data from 246 academic entrepreneurs, we explore the effects of scholarly identification, entrepreneurial identification, and social identity continuity on academic entrepreneurs’ role conflict. The results suggest that, entrepreneurial identification and social identify continuity are both negative related to identify conflict, while a scholarly identification is positively related to role conflict. In addition, the interaction of scholarly identification and entrepreneurial identification is negatively associated with role conflict. We also investigate the performance implications of such a role conflict and show that it is negatively related to academic entrepreneurship performance. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

     

Beyond Homo Entrepreneurus: Judgment and the Theory of Cultural Entrepreneurship

In this paper, we embrace the critique of the contemporary entrepreneurship literature offered by Foss, Klein, and Bjørnskov, and applaud their advance of the Judgment‐Based Approach (JBA) as a way to broaden our understanding of entrepreneurial processes by contextualizing entrepreneurial action. However, we believe that to attain the promise of the JBA, a broader inter‐disciplinary engagement beyond economics is required. Drawing on theory and arguments in the cultural entrepreneurship literature, we emphasize the fruitfulness of foregrounding the role of culture – a theoretical focus that is marginalized both in the mainstream entrepreneurship literature and in the JBA. We compare the JBA and the Theory of Cultural Entrepreneurship and outline how a wider inter‐disciplinary research agenda could be advanced in entrepreneurial studies.     

Gendered cognitions: a socio-cognitive model of how gender affects entrepreneurial preferences

ABSTRACT

This research explores the social-cognitive factors which lead both women and men to pursue ventures consistent with their gendered social identity, therefore, reinforcing the gender gap in entrepreneurship. We measured the self-assessments of individuals presented with experimentally manipulated entrepreneurial opportunities that were either consistent or inconsistent with their self-reported gender. A theoretical model derived from Social Role Theory is presented and tested. It posits that a gender match (mismatch) with the entrepreneurial opportunity results in higher (lower) reported self-efficacy, anticipated social resources, and venture desirability and lower (higher) venture risk perceptions. The experimental data are tested in a sequential mediation SEM model. We find evidence that self-efficacy and anticipated social resources mediate the effect of gender congruency on perceived risk and venture desirability. The results provide insight into the insidious barriers that play a role in reproducing a gender gap in entrepreneurial outcomes by ‘nudging’ women into lower-return ventures in less lucrative industries.     

Entrepreneurship: venture creation subprocesses,subdomains, and interfaces

While research interest in entrepreneurship continues to develop, considerable debate transpires on what exactly constitutes entrepreneurship and how to define the field appropriately. Thus, we sought to sort through a wide variety of entrepreneurship research in order to make sense of how various topics examined by scholars syndicate to comprise the field. First, we examine some of the numerous definitions that have been presented in literature thus far and offer our own definition based on a reasonable conclusion encompassing the parallels of thought. We then further comprehend the boundaries of entrepreneurship by examining subprocesses, subdomains, and interfaces. This integrative approach to understanding the field of entrepreneurship will be useful for current and future scholars interested in studying issues related to entrepreneurial phenomena by helping them recognize the multitude of factors that compose entrepreneurship, and thereby improve the quality of empirical and theoretical work in the field. We will conclude with a discussion of implications for entrepreneurial research, practice, and academic career development.     

A systematic literature review of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition: insights on influencing factors

In the last three decades, research studies investigating how individuals recognize entrepreneurial opportunities have advanced rapidly and have become a key topic in the modern entrepreneurship literature. To advance this important concern further, we present a systematic literature review of the entrepreneurial opportunity research field and its status. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this research suggests that the field is fragmented and empirically underdeveloped. A comprehensive literature analysis shows that only a handful of authors have contributed specifically to developing dialogues related to opportunity recognition and that the topic is considered primarily as an ancillary issue by many authors and academic journals. Based on analyzing 180 articles, we classify existing contributions into six influential factors: prior knowledge, social capital, cognition/personality traits, environmental conditions, alertness, and systematic search. Moreover, by developing a framework, we communicate critical insights regarding the opportunity recognition process. The contribution of individual articles to the proposed factors is presented in a research synthesis table. We conclude by presenting several directions for future research related to opportunity recognition.