论铁路多元经营的改革与发展

阐述了铁路多元经营怎样才能实现大发展 ,认为铁路多元经营应该为实现巩固“三分开”成果、初步建立多元经营新格局、推进多元经营企业建立现代企业制度这三大目标而奋斗 ,在中国加入WTO的新形势下 ,在迎接挑战中抓住机遇 ,谋求新的发展。     

推进资产重组和结构调整构建铁路多元经营新格局

认为建立多元经营新格局就是按照铁路改革与发展的总体要求 ,把运输企业原有的部分非运输业工作单位纳入多元经营体系 ,实行资产重组 ,企业重构 ,形成面向市场的铁路多元经营新格局 ;结合铁路实际 ,提出建立多元经营资产营运机构的具体意见和建立铁路多元经营新格局主要措施     

铁路多元经营企业治理结构创新途径的探讨

阐述铁路多元经营企业治理结构创新的目的、难点、目标,从多元经营企业公司结构的设计,保证多元经营企业的利益相关者的权利,铁路多元经营企业与主业的关系,选拔好企业经营者应把握的原则等方面对多元经营企业治理结构创新途径进行探讨,以实现多元经营企业建立现代企业制度的目标。     

我国铁路多元经营发展思路简析

分析了铁路多元经营企业十多年来发展的主要成绩及存在的主要问题 ,提出了今后铁路多元经营发展改革的相关措施。     

加强资本运作 实现铁路多元经济跨越式发展

阐述了资本运作的内涵及铁路多元经营企业加强资本运作的重要意义 ,分析了铁路多元经营企业加强资本运作的有利条件 ,提出了铁路多元经营企业加强资本运作的具体途径和措施。     

铁路多元经营企业经营成品油的实践与探讨

分析铁路多元经营系统成品油经营企业的现状,指出铁路多元经营企业经营成品油所面临的风险和具有的优势.为促进铁路成品油经营企业的健康发展,企业的构架和运作模式,必须遵循有利于建立统一的管理机制、联动的市场网络、多元化的资源调剂渠道和有效的绩效评价考核标准体系等原则确立,并对铁路成品油经营企业的管理构架模式、财务管理模式、市场经营管理模式、人力资源管理模式进行论述.     

铁路多元经营产业转型发展初探

从铁路多元经营的产业特点出发,分析铁路多元经营产业转型发展的必要性和紧迫性,提出铁路多元产业转型发展的方向：体制机制向适应市场经济要求转型;产业组织向专业化、一体化、规模化转型;企业管理向集约化、精细化转型;经营方式向市场化转型;产品服务向多样化、高端化转型。     

铁路多元经营饭店业存在问题及对策研究

改善铁路多元经营饭店业经营现状,实行集团化规模经营是《铁路多元经营十一五规划》的目标。分析导致铁路多元经营饭店业入住率低、经营绩效差的根本原因,从其目标市场需求的角度出发,结合现有饭店资质情况进行产品重新定位,提出发展铁路经济型连锁酒店的对策。     

铁路多元经营的行业选择研究

从多元经营的理论研究出发,对多元经营的动机、绩效、风险进行研究。结合理论分析,指出铁路多元经营企业在进行行业选择时应考虑与铁路的相关程度、合理的多元经营范围、行业吸引力因素、核心竞争力、铁路多元经营自身的优势等因素,并介绍了综合评价法和矩阵分析法两种行业评价方法。     

铁路多元经营新格局的实践与思考

铁路改革中 ,各铁路局把运输企业原有的工附业单位、建筑施工企业、房建以及生活后勤服务业通过整合构成多元经营新的体系的组成部分 ,形成面向市场的铁路多元经营新格局     

Developing a set of decision-support tools for sustainable urban transport in the UK

There is now an increased understanding of the need to design urban transport and land-use systems to be more sustainable, and of the policies which are needed to achieve this. However, work by the European Conference of Ministers of Transport has highlighted the institutional, acceptability, financial, information, regulatory and process barriers to implementing them. These barriers are evident in the UK, even though it has a particularly developed approach to local transport planning. As a contribution to overcoming them, a 4-year research programme has been conducted to develop decision-support tools for local government. The paper describes the international background to this research programme, its objectives and overall structure and its interaction with local authorities. The barriers to sustainability identified by the programme's local authority partners are presented, the development of the selected products from the research programme is outlined and the challenges in transferring them into practice are discussed.     

Regenerating urban traditions in Bahrain. Learning from Bab-Al-Bahrain: the authentic fake

Gulf cities are determined to diversify their economies in an attempt to face the new realities resulting from the post-oil paradigm. Knowing the fact that its oil resources are about to dry up, Bahrain is forced to bank on alternative activities in order to sustain its development. For Bahrain, the diversification into the financial and tourism sectors is more urgent than for its neighbours. As a major development strategy, a tangible tendency towards using the visual scenery of their culture and history can be observed in new projects intended to achieve economic diversification. The aim is to create dreams, fantasies and models to attract tourists, travellers and visitors who are ready and prepared to ‘consume’ the ‘authentic’ heritage of such traditional cities. This construction of an image of the past – a persona – is part of what Baudrillard call ‘reality by proxy’, a stimulated environment. This paper uses Bab-Al-Bahrain as a case to investigate notions of ‘hyper-reality’ and ‘hyper-traditions’ emerging from, and imported by, globalisation. This hyper-tradition emerges from the ‘birthplace’ of the tradition it is stimulating. This might also provide a case study of what Eco refers to as ‘authentic fake’. The inevitable necessity of diversifying Bahrain's economy allowed the island to see itself as the financial, commercial and recreational hub for the gulf region. Historically, the old port that was once the main gate to Manama city, the Bahraini capital, actually called Bab-Al-Bahrain (Bahrain Gate), was a commercial pole that extended to the main market (souq). This paper focuses on the area of Bab-Al-Bahrain and its urban and architectural adjacencies to illustrate Bahrain's efforts in promoting its historical and cultural heritage and using it as a vehicle for touristic development. An emphasis on the relation between event, place and the community in the selected context will provide a different vantage point from where to explore the importance of religious festivity and ethnic diversity in tourism development. The paper will also investigate the legitimacy and the complex dynamism of transforming historical heritage into a ‘hyper-tradition’ or a sort of ‘authentic fake’ in order to facilitate the tourists' consumption process of Bahraini culture. It would also argue that tourism changes the host community and influences its ‘authenticity faking’ process.     

日本铁路考察报告——对我国铁路产业及北京城市轨道交通发展方向的一些建议

轨道交通可以压缩时空距离,提升时空价值,实现交通功能与其他功能有机耦合,已成为解决人地关系紧张和＂城市病＂的重要甚至唯一途径。日本经验表明,轨道交通发展重点已从路网扩充向综合枢纽及铁路客站城市方向转移。快速轨道交通要适应城市群连绵成带发展需要,要大力发展通勤铁路和环状线,按照TOD模式实现交通枢纽与土地联合开发,构建铁路车站城市。我国要加强高速铁路和城市轨道交通时空规制,培育铁路文化、铁路精神和铁路意识,构建高速铁路建设触发机制,完善交通枢纽和综合运输规划体制,促进方式间有序竞争,形成财政补贴长效机制,实施计程票制和收益管理制度,优化运营组织,促进我国轨道交通事业可持续发展。     

The Incorporation of Consumer Experience into the Branding Process: An Investigation of Name‐Brand Hotels

Given the growing number of hotel brands, improving consumer experience has become an increasingly important area of interest to industry practitioners. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between hotel guests' brand experience, knowledge and loyalty to name‐brand hotels. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with the incorporation of a second‐order factor analysis were employed to achieve the research goals. The findings indicate that brand experience was represented as a holistic concept with sensory, affective, behavioral and intellectual aspects. While brand experience influences brand loyalty, its impact is partially mediated by brand knowledge. This is a pioneer study that combines consumer experience with branding in the hospitality industry and offers practical suggestions to facilitate hotel managers in their development of effective branding strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Towards Integration of Sustainability into Tourism Planning in Developing Countries: Egypt as a Case Study

This article argues that planning and thus implementation of sustainable tourism development would differ not only between the developed and less developed countries’ (LDCs) tourist destinations but also from one destination to another in developing countries. Although sustainability has been introduced to the global world as an avenue for the protection of the resources in the developing world that the intrageneration equity is one of its objectives, developing countries still lack the effective planning techniques and tools for implementation. Nevertheless, developed countries have got better opportunities for the implementation of such principles, ranging from appropriate funds and expertise needed for the planning tasks, to more stable economic and environmental conditions. As the capabilities of developing countries’ tourist destinations for adopting the principles of sustainability would differ, each of those destinations should be treated separately while assessing such abilities to implement sustainable tourism development. For this purpose, this article approaches the evaluation of the Egyptian tourist planning mechanism from a sustainable point of view. In order to achieve the research objectives, a benchmark technique has been employed by using sustainability indicators as criteria to judge the appropriateness of the tourist planning system against the principles of sustainable tourism development.     

把握好铁路助力新型城镇化与自身可持续发展的方向

《国家新型城镇化规划（2014-2020年）》为我国铁路未来发展指出了方向。我国铁路要全力配合国家新型城镇化,综合开发利用车站及线路的用地资源,化解债务压力,实现行业结构转型。     

Reinventing Macau tourism: gambling on creativity?

The paper identifies some major economic, social and environmental effects of gaming-related tourism in Macau, the world’s largest gaming location in respect of casino turnover. The main types of effects of casino development are typically those associated with growth machine theory. The paper also identifies major threats to the sustainable development of Macau as a gaming/tourism destination, arising from a narrow industrial base, competing destinations, community alienation, and what is referred to as the ‘China factor’. The paper discusses the types of strategies that are required if Macau tourism is to counter these threats and develop successfully as a ‘World Centre of Tourism and Leisure’. It is argued that Macau can most effectively achieve this goal if it develops its tourism and gaming industries to be consistent with the key attributes of a creative city.     

Tourism Policy,Tourism Organisations and Change Management in Alpine Regions and Destinations: A European Perspective

Tourism is of great economic importance and significance for the European East Alpine regions. But to an increasing degree, low productivity resulting from the small-business structure of the Alpine region weakens the economic and social leadership of tourism. In the last few decades overcoming these difficulties often included substantial supporting of institutionalised tourism organisations by tourism policy, with the intention to bundle forces and to achieve growing global competition. Change in international tourist markets demands the pursuance of completely new strategies, particularly because the small-business structure of Alpine tourism in the past has always been the basis for its many positive effects for the local and regional population alike. By keeping its function of balancing regional economic growth, tourism policy's main responsibility for the future in the East Alpine region will be to create the prerequisites required for an adaptation to the new situation in the tourist markets. In addition, the support of tourism organisations is needed for achieving corporate success, which cannot be realised by individual entrepreneurs in the tourist industry owing to their small-business structure. The key to adaptation lies in the improvement of qualifications. This improvement should lead to the development of new skills for tourist cooperations as a basis for the strategic transition from institutionalised tourism organisations to flexible and market-oriented destination management companies.     

Planning for sustainable accessibility: The implementation challenge

The ‘Network City’ planning strategy espouses sustainable accessibility. The aim is to re-orient the existing urban structure by focussing development at places with high accessibility in order to support an effective public and private transport system. The implementation phase calls for changes to planning practices: the need for public transport planning and development change to be mutually supportive; the need for road network planning and road design to place land use-transport integration as the core objective rather than traffic efficiency and for the need to stage development according to planned population and employment targets. This must take place within a new participatory approach. All this requires planners to gain new skills. To achieve this the system of planning must remain strong.     

Achieving relational outcomes in casual dining restaurants through consumer commitment

The purpose of the study is to identify how we can achieve positive word-of-mouth (WOM) and share of purchases through consumer commitment in casual dining restaurants. This study proposes the theory of organizational commitment and the framework of the relationship development process as the theoretical foundation to identify the antecedents of consumer commitment (i.e. identification, switching costs, and satisfaction), and tests the role of consumer commitment between its antecedents and relational outcomes (i.e. share of purchases and positive WOM). The results of the study support that commitment plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between its antecedents and share of purchases. In addition, commitment exerts a full mediating role on the effects of identification and switching costs on positive WOM intentions, while it plays a partial mediating role between satisfaction and positive WOM intentions. Managerial implications are discussed to maximize delivering relational outcomes based on consumer commitment and its antecedents.