中国制造业企业相对效率和全要素生产率增长研究——基于1999～2005年行业数据的实证分析

本文采用数据包络分析方法(DEA)分别对制造业各个行业中内资企业、外资企业1999~2005年期间的相对效率、全要素生产率(以Malmquist指数衡量)及其构成情况进行了实证研究。结果表明,内资企业和外资企业在制造业各行业中的相对效率具有显著差异,内资企业相对效率较高的行业集中在劳动密集型行业及垄断程度较高的一些行业,而外资企业相对效率较高的行业集中在资本及技术密集型行业;两类企业在各个行业中的全要素生产率都呈现出上升趋势,但增长速度及其动力存在差异。基于实证结果及分析,本文对我国制造业的发展提出了政策建议。     

目标成本管理在企业经济管理中的分析及应用

<正>随着社会经济的发展,我国建筑企业数量明显增加,对于本国建筑企业来说,外资企业在经济、技术以及人才等方面的优势更为突出,因此加剧了建筑企业之间的竞争。建筑企业要想实现可持续发展,就必须不断提升市场竞争力,而提升市场竞争力最根本的途径之一是加强企业内部的经济管理质量。以目标管理为切入点,     

反外资企业避税的探讨

随着我国改革开放的深入,外资企业数量与投资规模迅速增长,大大推动了我国国民经济的发展.但在引进外资方面还存在一些问题,如一些外资企业利用各种方法进行避税,严重损害了我国企业和投资者的利益,同时也损害了其自身经济利益.本文简单地归纳了外资企业在我国的避税情况及主要避税方式,具体分析了我国反避税存在的障碍,并结合我国实际情况提出了一些反避税措施.     

关于印发《非国有企业科学技术协会组织通则（试行）》的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市科协，各计划单列市、副省级城市科协，新疆生产建设兵团科协：为进一步贯彻落实中央书记处对中国科协工作的指示精神，大力加强与全国不同领域、不同行业、不同地区广大科技工作者的联系，特别是注意搞好同民营科技企业的创业人员和技术人员、受聘于外资企业的管理技术人员等新的社会阶层中科技人员的联系，并建立相关的科技工作者组织，积极推进非国有企业科协的建立和发展，     

加强对外商投资企业出资监管的几点思考

企业注册资本是出资者向企业投入的资本。它是企业赖以生存的物质基础，是企业债务的担保。为了维护正常的经济秩序，维护债权人的利益，我国的外资企业法与公司法对注册资本作了严格的规定。但是由于种种因素，我国企业的注册资本，尤其是外资企业的注册资本严重不实，虚假出资、抽逃出资的现象比较严重。为此，我们需要加强执法的力度，更需要深入分析外资企业出资中的难点，对症下药。本文拟从企业注册资本的含义着手，探讨企业注册资本的作用、分析我国外资企业出资过程中的问题，从而对加强外资企业出资监管做一些有益的尝试。     

外资物流装备企业在中国：外资物流装备企业的中国谋算

近十年来，数量众多的外资物流装备企业来华设立分公司或代表处、投资建厂，甚至建立地区总部，显示出对中国市场的高度重视。目前，外资企业在中国物流装备市场尤其是高端市场占据了重要地位，对行业的发展产生了很大影响。通过外资企业的成长壮大历程，可以更深入地了解中国物流装备的市场需求与行业发展。 本期专题从系统集成、叉车、货架、识别设备、零部件、周边设备等物流装备的各个子行业中分别选取了一家具有代表性的外资企业，从他们在华的发展历程、战略方向、经营模式、产品品牌等角度探讨了他们的经验与发展共性，以期对国内的物流装备企业有所借鉴。[编者按]     

FDI强度与自主创新效率——基于我国高技术产业的面板数据

本文运用我国高技术产业1998～2006年13个行业的面板数据定量分析了该产业FDI强度与企业自主创新效率的关系.研究结论为:我国高技术产业中,FDI强度的增加总体上对于我国该行业中的内资企业的自主创新水平存在负向影响,外资企业本地化R&D投入的增强通过示范效应对该行业中的内资企业自主创新效率的提高具有促进作用,内资企业科技活动人员的投入对外资企业的影响为负.     

外资关联企业转让定价与规避税收的实证分析

外商投资企业和港澳台企业占东莞市规模以上工业企业总数的70％以上。外资企业拥有遍布世界各地的关联企业，他们利用关联交易很容易将利润转移到低税负地区，以便获取更大的经济利益。本文以东莞市内资企业作为可比企业，利用销售利润率差异建立实证模型，估算东莞市外资企业白2005至2010年期间所转移的利润。     

中小企业区域化健康管理网络研究

企业健康管理在我国尚属新兴行业，只有为数不多的国有大型企业和一些大型外资企业进行了尝试，而数量最多的中小企业在这方面的尝试还少之又少，而事实上中小企业及其员工所面临的健康风险并不比大企业少，甚至更多，因此中小企业如何进行有效的企业健康管理，对企业的可持续发展至关重要。本文就中小企业开展健康管理的重要性、中小企业如何构建健康管理网络等问题进行了探讨，为中小企业的健康管理实践提供参考。     

数字经济背景下的跨境电商人才培养模式改革与创新

伴随当前我国的跨境电商行业的飞速发展，并且跨境电商也在逐步与国际市场接轨，因此在实际行业发展过程中人才不足的问题就开始变得越来越明显，并且也已经直接对于我国整体的跨境电商行业发展产生了巨大的影响。所以本文通过对于我国的200多家跨境电商企业展开研究，使用多元回归及广义线性模型展开分析，希望能够了解当前我国的人才需求及流失的问题，通过相应的数据统计环节，也能够得知，大部分的跨境电商企业当前都具有人才数量不足的问题，而在本文探究的这200多家企业之中，总计的人才数量缺口高达2000多人，也可以说每一家企业的人才缺口数量都较高，并且这个数据还在不断增加。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.