危机与重塑：1997～2010金融体系国际竞争力

在经济规模增长和经济实力增强的同时,中国开始寻求在国际金融体系中更大的话语权。本文利用国际管理发展学院（IMD）公布的1997年至2010年国际竞争力数据,对全球主要经济体十余年来金融体系国际竞争力的动态变化,特别是2008年金融危机带来的竞争力衰退展开分析。研究表明,中国金融体系国际竞争力处于全球中等水平,在2006～2007年达到最好状态,随后受金融危机影响出现衰退,但情况好于发达国家,近10余年来金融体系硬实力较软实力有更大的提升。中国金融体系未来发展仍需在竞争软实力上着力,以金融创新推动竞争力提升     

经济全球化视角下的金融危机成因解析

随着全球化趋势的增强,国际经济失衡会导致国际资本在全球范围内重新配置.从某种意义上说,国际经济失衡和国际货币体系缺陷是金融危机爆发的前提条件,而国际游资的攻击是金融危机爆发的实现条件.从目前国际形势和中国国内形势来看,金融危机的前提条件已经具备,因而防范国际游资攻击是制定当前我国宏观经济政策的首要目标.     

Banks,Financial Markets and International Consumption Risk Sharing

In this article, we explore how characteristics of the domestic financial system influence the international allocation of consumption risk in a sample of OECD countries. Our results show that the extent of risk sharing achieved does not depend on the overall development of the domestic financial system per se. Rather, it depends on how the financial system is organized. Countries characterized by developed financial markets are less exposed to idiosyncratic risk, whereas the development of the banking sector contributes little to the international diversification of consumption risk.     

后危机时代中国金融国际化发展趋向展望——基于金融安全的视角

2007年爆发的美国次贷危机逐步演变为全球性金融危机。在此背景下,金融国际化备受质疑。面对危机,应该客观地看待金融国际化与金融安全之间的关系。在后危机时代,为夯实国家金融安全基础,防范金融危机,中国不仅不应放慢金融国际化的步伐,反而应主动融入金融全球化的浪潮,进一步推进社会信用体系的国际化演进进程,以缩小国间制度落差;借世界金融格局变革之机,积极参与后危机时代的国际金融秩序重构,提升话语权;在遵循一定协调原则的前提下,主动参与货币政策的国际协调;强化金融监管的国际合作,联手防范金融风险的国际传递;紧跟国际监管趋势,宏观与微观审慎监管并举,构筑国家金融安全的监管防线。     

Does bank competition promote financial inclusion? A cross-country evidence

The idea of financial inclusion has recently been discussed as one of the key strategies to enhance economic development (World Bank 2014). We move this discussion forward by examining if bank competition is a crucial component enforcing financial inclusion, which is arguably a finance supply-side driven process. In this study, we compute the financial inclusion index built on Sarma (2008) approach to better reflect banks’ willingness and capability to provide financial services. Applying System Generalized Method of Moments to the panel of 93 countries, we find that bank competition promotes financial inclusion.     

1981-2002年间国际金融组织贷款对中国经济增长的贡献研究

改革开放以来,国际金融组织贷款一直是我国对外借款的重要来源,其所占比例始终维持在40%左右,累计金额已达数百亿美元.这些贷款对中国经济增长的影响如何,这方面的研究十分少见.本文以柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的派生模型为基础建立了修正模型,分别利用1978年以来的国家和省级两层数据,对上述问题作了一个尝试性的评价.我们的计量分析结果表明,在1990年前后,国际金融组织贷款对中国经济增长的贡献存在差异.对不同地区的增长贡献也差异较大,表明不同的政策环境与援助性贷款的相互作用结果是不同的.     

国际金融体系的构造缺陷与亚洲金融危机的内在联系

近年来国际金融危机频发,这些危机的原因除了发生危机的国家的内在因素之外,更主要的还与其外在的整个国际货币金融体系存在着的巨大构造性缺陷息息相关。     

中国投资环境的国际比较

本文利用世界银行提供的分析框架，从宏观稳定性、国际一体化、监管制度、治理结构、行政效率、市场进入和退出机制、基础设施建设、金融服务等方面对中国的投资环境进行了国际比较研究，并对中国投资环境的地区差异进行了比较分析，在此基础上提出了改善中国及地区投资环境的政策建议。     

金融危机的货币政策反应

自20世纪90年代以来,我国已经历两次由国际金融危机所引发的宏观经济紧缩,这表明外源性冲击已成为影响国内经济增长的重要制约因素.实证研究表明,在当前国内经济受到外部冲击而出现紧缩时,货币政策对消费和投资的影响依然显著,但在效果上存在差异.降低利率能长期稳定提高消费增长;而货币供应量扩张仅在五个季度内能显著刺激投资增长,长期基本无效.因此,本文认为现阶段在与财政政策和产业政策配合拉动内需时,应将带动国内消费增长作为货币政策长期任务,而将提高国内投资作为短期目标.     

Financial inclusion: measurement,spatial effects and influencing factors

Using the index of financial inclusion and the World Bank Global Findex database, this study measures the level of financial inclusion across countries. The results reveal a geographical spatial aggregation distribution in which developed European and North American countries enjoy higher levels of financial inclusion than the less developed countries of Africa and most of Asia. Accordingly, our spatial analysis proves our hypothesis and reveals dependence and aggregation effects among countries. Then, we employ spatial econometric research to identify those factors significantly associated with financial inclusion. The results show that an individual’s income, education and use of communications equipment are important factors that explain the level of financial inclusion, while financial depth and banking health status are the main determinants. Building an inclusive financial system is an important means for most countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.     

以新兴产业催化产业结构调整升级

新兴产业发展在产业结构调整升级中具有十分明显的催化作用.在国际金融危机向实体经济传导的背景下,切实转变经济增长方式,以新兴产业发展催化产业结构调整升级,努力扩大内需,是实现经济又好又快发展的关键,是当前化"危"为"机"的重要抓手.为此,我们要建立与完善发展新兴产业、促进产业结构调整升级的系列制度安排.     

Regional foreign banks and financial inclusion: Evidence from Africa

Regional foreign banks expanded quickly over the past decade in developing and emerging countries and have a growing influence in banking systems. We question whether the development of African regional foreign banks, also called Pan-African banks, influences financial inclusion of firms and households. To this end, we combine the World Bank Global Findex database and the World Bank Enterprise Surveys with a hand-collected database on the presence of regional foreign banks. We find that Pan-African banks presence increases firms’ access to credit and limited evidence that they favor financial access of the middle class by restoring confidence in banks. We suggest that this impact is related to the adoption of an aggressive strategy aiming at gaining market shares rather than through the exploitation of informational and technological advantages.     

消费模式转型:国际金融危机视角下的反思

美国长期奉行的过度消费模式是本次国际金融危机的重要诱因.这种过度消费模式的形成既有其传统习惯的原因,也有其理论渊源和政府政策的引导.反观中国的消费模式,尽管已经发生或正在经历转型,但总体来说还是一种谨慎型消费,正是这种谨慎型消费,成为了中国抵御本次国际金融危机的一道屏障.在国际金融危机背景下中国应加快消费转型的步伐,大力促进适度消费,以实现经济又好又快发展.     

美国金融生态的恶化与量化宽松货币政策就业效应的失灵

在量化宽松货币政策下,美国的经济衰退得到了显著遏制,但失业率却持续在高水平运行,表明量化宽松货币政策对降低失业水平无效。研究显示,金融危机造成了美国金融生态的明显恶化,银行体系采取了紧缩信贷的应对措施,因此,美国政府通过量化宽松货币政策释放的流动性被截留在银行体系内部,不能形成满足市场投资需求的流动性供给,国内投资不能扩张,失业率就不可能下降,其结果必然导致量化宽松货币政策就业效应的失灵。     

Financial development and governance relationships

In any country, financial development has a huge influence on country’s economic developments. Financial development strengthens financial stability of countries and enhances deep and broad access to capital and financial services by improving efficiency of financial markets and effectiveness of financial intermediation. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships between various aspects (pillars) of financial development and dimensions of governance for countries listed in the Financial Development Index of the World Economic Forum. The Index provides a score for the breadth, depth and efficiency of 62 of the world’s leading financial markets. The study utilized the data from the World Economic Forum presented in the financial development report (2012) and attempted to model the relationships between various pillars of financial development and dimensions of governance by structural equation modelling (SEM) methodology. The study used the Worldwide Governance Indicators for year 2012 of the World Bank as the measure of governance. According to the SEM results, there seems to be a significant positive relationship between governance and financial development. Thus, as governance is enhanced, we may expect financial development to strengthen as well.     

金融离岸服务外包的市场潜力与提升策略研究——以北京市为例

目前在世界经济全球化、国际金融自由化的总体发展态势情况之下,国际金融服务外包产业呈现出产业链分工连续细化,发包规模、地域持续拓展,承包市场重心向亚太地区转移等发展趋势。在此国际大背景下,北京金融服务外包发展潜力巨大,具体表现在市场需求主体持续增长、产业集群效应显著、业务范围不断拓展等方面。北京应通过制定鼓励性的财税和金融政策积极支持金融服务外包的发展,组建大型金融服务外包企业提升国际竞争力,推行行业标准化、加强风险控制与监管,进行多层次人才培养等措施,充分发挥北京金融服务外包潜力,促进其快速发展。     

Hofstede national culture and international trade

The objective is to analyse if international trade is affected by different national cultures. International trade of 21 World Bank listed countries is estimated as function of the Hofstede cultural dimensions, gross domestic product and population. First, we estimate the combined Hofstede culture dimensions and find significant positive effects on countries’ international trade. Secondly, we decompose the Hofstede culture dimensions and estimate the effects of each separate dimension on international trade, finding only the MAS dimension to significantly affect international trade. We estimate additional equation versions to account for occasional trade restrictions with no international trade, as well as estimating how international trade varies between years. These additional estimations further support our original findings, and therefore act as robustness check.     

金融危机:演进历史与西方理论

国际金融危机的频繁发生对全球金融体系的稳定和世界经济增长构成了巨大的威胁,这引起了众多经济学家的关注。本文采用历史考察的方法,对20世纪30年代以来所发生的主要金融危机与已形成的代表性的金融危机理论进行系统总结,并提出了新一代金融危机理论可能的发展方向。     

Does financial liberalization matter for emerging East Asian economies growth? Some new evidence

This paper investigates the empirical relationship between financial liberalization and economic growth in East Asian region. The empirical literature suggests that there is a mixed link between financial liberalization and growth in emerging countries. Panel data techniques using LS, TSLS, and GMM are employed to shed some light on the empirical debate, we examine this issue in 6 major emerging East Asian countries over the period 1980–2002. The main result is that financial liberalization's growth effect depends on the nature as well as the intensity of financial sectors liberalization. Full liberalization of the financial sector has been associated with slower growth outcomes while more moderate partial liberalization is associated with more positive outcomes.