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1.
In the literature on European monetary integration Germany and Italy are mostly strongly contrasted. However, this paper argues that there were important similarities between the policy paradigms in these two countries, in particular if a broader historical perspective is adopted. This work analyses the policy paradigms towards European monetary integration in Italy and Germany. Moreover, it contextualises these paradigms into the national institutional setting: while Germany was characterised by power sharing institutions, Italy featured power fragmentation (something which also affected the economic performance of both countries). There were significant differences between the policy paradigms of foreign policy-makers and economic policy-makers. Foreign policy makers, in both countries, under the influence of a European federalist vision, were strongly in favour of European monetary integration. These beliefs of foreign policy decision makers were crucial in charting EMU policy at history-making moments. The pro EMU policy paradigms of foreign policymakers contrasted, during most of the period covered, with the more sceptical beliefs of economic policy makers. In both countries, economic policy-makers, at different moments, had doubts whether enough “convergence” had been reached to make a more stable exchange rate system sustainable.
相似文献
Ivo MaesEmail: Phone: +32-2-2212796Fax: +32-2-2213162 |
2.
Greece’s Potential Trade Flows: A Gravity Model Approach 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Christos Papazoglou 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(4):403-414
This paper attempts to access whether Greece’s low openness is a reflection of its low trade integration primarily as a result
of the country’s relatively poor goods export performance. The analysis estimates potential trade flows for Greece through
a gravity model using a panel of cross-country data, which cover bilateral trade flows concerning the EU member states. These
flows are then derived by applying the estimated parameters to the Greek economy. The results show that actual Greek exports
fall short of potential ones, while the opposite is true with respect to imports. This becomes more profound when the extent
of intra-industry trade is included in the analysis. The findings for the Greek exports differ considerably from the corresponding
ones for Portugal, a country with similar characteristics, manifesting the limited convergence of Greece’s trade patterns
towards the EU average as well as its unique geographical location relatively to the other EU countries.
相似文献
Christos PapazoglouEmail: |
3.
This paper studies the disequilibrium transition process engaged by increased openness to trade, and the effect of institutions,
market behaviors and economic policies on that transition. The issue is analyzed with a simple two country (north and south),
two goods model, amended in order to take into account the time dimension of both the production and the decision processes.
Investigating the consequences of a tariff decrease by means of numerical simulations, we show to what extent wage and price
setting, and the degree of tightness of monetary policy affect the outcome of the disequilibrium process. The main result
is that capturing the gains associated with international trade requires market behaviors and economic policies, which are
rather different from what is usually prescribed.
相似文献
Francesco SaracenoEmail: |
4.
Economic integration and similarity in trade structures 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this paper, we look at the similarity of the trade structures toward the EU market between four CEECs and the EU15. We
evaluate the appropriateness of different indices to compare export flows—correlation indices and distance metrics—opting
for the use of the Bray-Curtis semi-metric. We examine both how the export composition of a country has changed over time
and how the export composition has changed with respect to the EU15 export composition. Finally, we test if the dynamics of
sectoral distribution of the CEECs’ exports is related to the role acquired by processed trade in the 1990s. We give evidence
that processed trade is crucial in explaining changes in the overall structure of exports of transition countries, and that
greater economic integration in terms of trade flows and processing trade does not always lead to greater export similarity.
相似文献
Lucia TajoliEmail: |
5.
Export variety and the economic performance of countries 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We explore the relationship between export variety and economic development, using data on OECD countries between 1964 and
2003. We show that structural change in the world economy has a particular arrow of time leading to a growing variety of exports.
Distinguishing between related variety (within sectors) and unrelated variety (variety between sectors), we also show that
related variety stimulates growth instantaneously, while unrelated variety only promotes growth with a considerable time lag.
This finding is in line with the evolutionary notions that economic development and international trade patterns are path
dependent.
相似文献
Koen FrenkenEmail: |
6.
Trade and productivity: an industry perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We use a sample of 14 OECD countries and 15 manufacturing industries to test for the effect of trade on productivity. Endogeneity
concerns are accounted for using the geographical component of trade as instrument as suggested by Frankel and Romer (Am Econ
Rev 89(3):279–399, 1999). We find that trade, measured in terms of the export ratio, increases productivity, even if country-fixed
effects such as the quality of institutions are controlled for, though results are less robust for imports. Estimates at the
aggregate manufacturing level turn out much larger, emphasizing the role of inter-industry spillovers.
相似文献
Fritz BreussEmail: |
7.
Josep Maria Raya Vílchez 《International Advances in Economic Research》2009,15(2):156-168
Competitiveness in most developed countries is increasingly measured in terms of the quality of goods and services and to
a lesser extent in terms of prices. It is crucial to know the opinion of the consumer with regards to the goods and services.
The paper uses data from satisfaction surveys on local events celebrated during 2006 in the Maresme region (Barcelona). The
effects of each explanatory variable on the satisfaction of individuals are analyzed using an ordered logit model for the
Likert variable and a logit model for the binary variable. It is observed that, although generic valuations are very similar,
the effects of some explanatory variables can be very different, since each indicator presents specific features.
相似文献
Josep Maria Raya VílchezEmail: |
8.
Nathan D. Griffith 《Constitutional Political Economy》2006,17(1):15-29
Existing theories of regional integration do not satisfactorily explain European legal integration. Like the bears’ porridge,
one explains too much, another too little, and yet another requires unnecessary information. Constitutional economics, viewing
regional integration as a process producing a constitution, is able to explain both momentum toward and resistance to legal
integration in a parsimonious fashion. Further, it produces a unique analysis of the current circumstances of European legal
integration, revealing that the Kompetenz–Kompetenz debate addresses the fundamental dilemma of compound republics. This also discloses that European integration has produced
a novel answer to this old question.
相似文献
Nathan D. GriffithEmail: |
9.
We test the hypothesis that the sector bias of skill biased technical change is important in explaining the rising relative
wage of skilled workers in the manufacturing sector in three Central and Eastern European transition countries. The econometric
results broadly confirm that the concentration of skill biased technical change in the skill intensive sectors had a significant
effect on the skill premium in these transition countries.
相似文献
Robert Stehrer (Corresponding author)Email: |
10.
The purpose of this article is to assess the implications of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) accession of eight Central
and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) on their share of EMU-12 imports. Overcoming biases related to endogeneity, omitted
variables and sample selection, our results indicate that the common currency has boosted intra-EMU imports by 7%. Under the
assumption that the same relationship between the explanatory variables and imports will hold for EMU-CEEC trade, we intend
to predict the future impact of the Euro. Our findings suggest that except for the least integrated countries, Poland, Latvia
and Lithuania, all CEECs can expect increases in the EMU-12 import share.
相似文献
Julia Spies (Corresponding author)Email: |
11.
Miguel-Ángel Galindo Martín Francisco Escribano Sotos María Teresa Méndez Picazo 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):214-221
The improvement of data statistics as well as the econometrician methods have facilitated the introduction the new variables
and factors I the economic growth analysis. In this sense, real variables have mainly been considered in the economic growth
studies, but not financial or risk management aspects. In this sense, it is interesting to analyze the relationship between
economic growth and value at risk and the feed-back process. The goal of the paper is to analyze the relationship between
economic growth and risk management and the feed-back process. We will consider economic variables, including economic growth,
rule of law, human capital, fiscal policy and monetary policy, among others, in our analysis. We will analyze the theoretical
relationships between these variables and risk and the effects of risk on economic growth. We will also develop an empirical
analysis considering the case of 15 European Union countries.
相似文献
María Teresa Méndez PicazoEmail: |
12.
Ramya M. Vijaya 《Forum for Social Economics》2007,36(2):73-85
This paper presents a gender perspective of the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program. The TAA is the primary US policy
to assist the transition of workers displaced due to trade related economic restructuring. In comparison to the relatively
substantial research on gendering trade policies in developing economies there is very limited focus on gendering policy responses
to trade in the US. We argue that there is a specific gender trend in the trade-displacement patterns in the US which calls
for a gender sensitive policy response. We examine the TAA in light of this trend and offer some suggestions for a gendered
approach to providing assistance to workers negotiating an increasingly flexible global labor market.
相似文献
Ramya M. VijayaEmail: |
13.
Between 1955 and 1987, Austrian trade with Eastern Europe was characterized by specific factors. On the one hand, trade flows
were influenced by the central planning system in Eastern Europe. On the other hand, Austria applied non-standard policy tools
to manage Eastern trade. Furthermore, Austrian trade with Eastern Europe was affected by the implementation of the free trade
agreement with the European Communities (EC) and the change in the institutional framework for Eastern trade in the early
1970s. Austrian Eastern exports were fostered by increased export subsidies and barter trade. We assess the net effects of
these contradictory measures of trade policy by estimating aggregate import and export equations and testing for a structural
break in 1973. Our results are consistent with the view that Austria subsidized Eastern exports to pursue a countercyclical
policy after 1973.
相似文献
Andreas ReschEmail: |
14.
The paper investigates the social exclusion process in the European Union (EU), particularly in Luxemburg, addressing both
conceptual and empirical issues. It examines aspects such as: the most appropriate definition of social exclusion for the
case of Luxemburg, the way economic and social disadvantages cumulate within the social exclusion process, and the main determinants
of social exclusion, income poverty and deprivation. To analyze the topics mentioned above, different econometric models have
been applied.
相似文献
Ileana TacheEmail: |
15.
Sjoerd Beugelsdijk 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2007,17(2):187-210
In this paper, we empirically study the relationship between entrepreneurial culture and economic growth. Based on a micro
based comparison of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, we develop a measure reflecting entrepreneurial attitude at the regional
level. We subsequently relate this newly developed variable, ‘entrepreneurial culture,’ to innovativeness and economic growth
in 54 European regions. Extensive robustness analysis suggests that differences in economic growth in Europe can be explained
by differences in entrepreneurial culture, albeit mostly in an indirect way.
相似文献
Sjoerd BeugelsdijkEmail: |
16.
Based on a sample of 1,084 European regions (EU15) from 1995 to 2004, we estimate the relationship between the average growth
rate of GDP per capita and the volatility of the growth rate allowing for spatial effects. The spatial lag and spatial error
models show that the regional per capita growth rate and volatility are significantly positively related on average. However,
the inclusion of country interaction terms reveals that the volatility impact is not uniform across countries. In particular,
the relationship between growth and volatility is significantly positive for the majority of countries but significantly negative
for three countries (namely Finland, Italy, and Ireland).
相似文献
Martin FalkEmail: |
17.
The recent period of intensive and extensive development of global economic integration, or globalization, has reached a crossroads.
The regime of the neoliberal Great Capitalist Restoration is not sustainable and fundamental governance changes must be made.
This paper adds perspective to the choices that must be made at this critical juncture of the global social economy by applying
the master concepts of Schumpeter’s Creative Destruction and Polanyi’s Protective Response.
相似文献
James Ronald StanfieldEmail: |
18.
Evolution of market shares with repeated purchases and heterogeneous network externalities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We investigate how market shares change when a new, superior technology exhibiting network externalities is introduced in
a market initially dominated by an old technology. This is done under the assumption that consumers are heterogeneous in their
valuation of technology quality and network externalities and that goods are not (perfectly) durable and thus have to be bought
repeatedly. When both technologies are unsponsored, the old technology dominates when the quality difference is small, and
it disappears when the quality difference is large. When the new technology is sponsored, the relationship between the quality
difference and the long-run market share of the new technology is non-monotonic and the old technology always continues to
exist.
相似文献
Ewa Mendys-Kamphorst (Corresponding author)Email: |
19.
In this article we propose a two step procedure for modeling the propagation of financial shocks. The first step consists
in the estimation, by means of SWARCH models, of the conditional probability of being in a period of high volatility, while
in the second step such indicators are included in a structural simultaneous equations models for interdependences among different
countries. The results show that episodes of financial crisis effectively happened during periods of high volatility and that
such measures of instability are important in explaining the propagation of devaluation expectations between six European
Countries during the ERM period.
相似文献
Marta BevilacquaEmail: |
20.
Entrepreneurship and its determinants in a cross-country setting 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
The relative stability of differences in entrepreneurial activity across countries suggests that other than economic factors
are at play. The present paper offers some new thoughts about the determinants of entrepreneurial attitudes and activities
by testing the relationship between institutional variables and cross-country differences in the preferences for self-employment
as well as in actual self-employment. Data of the 25 member states of the European Union as well as the US are used. The results
show that country specific (cultural) variables seem to explain the preference for entrepreneurship, but cannot explain actual
entrepreneurship. The present paper also introduces the remaining four papers of the special issue of the Journal of Evolutionary Economics, which center around the theme Entrepreneurship and Culture.
相似文献
Roy Thurik (Corresponding author)Email: |