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1.
Greece’s Potential Trade Flows: A Gravity Model Approach 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Christos Papazoglou 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(4):403-414
This paper attempts to access whether Greece’s low openness is a reflection of its low trade integration primarily as a result
of the country’s relatively poor goods export performance. The analysis estimates potential trade flows for Greece through
a gravity model using a panel of cross-country data, which cover bilateral trade flows concerning the EU member states. These
flows are then derived by applying the estimated parameters to the Greek economy. The results show that actual Greek exports
fall short of potential ones, while the opposite is true with respect to imports. This becomes more profound when the extent
of intra-industry trade is included in the analysis. The findings for the Greek exports differ considerably from the corresponding
ones for Portugal, a country with similar characteristics, manifesting the limited convergence of Greece’s trade patterns
towards the EU average as well as its unique geographical location relatively to the other EU countries.
相似文献
Christos PapazoglouEmail: |
2.
Between 1955 and 1987, Austrian trade with Eastern Europe was characterized by specific factors. On the one hand, trade flows
were influenced by the central planning system in Eastern Europe. On the other hand, Austria applied non-standard policy tools
to manage Eastern trade. Furthermore, Austrian trade with Eastern Europe was affected by the implementation of the free trade
agreement with the European Communities (EC) and the change in the institutional framework for Eastern trade in the early
1970s. Austrian Eastern exports were fostered by increased export subsidies and barter trade. We assess the net effects of
these contradictory measures of trade policy by estimating aggregate import and export equations and testing for a structural
break in 1973. Our results are consistent with the view that Austria subsidized Eastern exports to pursue a countercyclical
policy after 1973.
相似文献
Andreas ReschEmail: |
3.
Export variety and the economic performance of countries 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We explore the relationship between export variety and economic development, using data on OECD countries between 1964 and
2003. We show that structural change in the world economy has a particular arrow of time leading to a growing variety of exports.
Distinguishing between related variety (within sectors) and unrelated variety (variety between sectors), we also show that
related variety stimulates growth instantaneously, while unrelated variety only promotes growth with a considerable time lag.
This finding is in line with the evolutionary notions that economic development and international trade patterns are path
dependent.
相似文献
Koen FrenkenEmail: |
4.
Trade and productivity: an industry perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We use a sample of 14 OECD countries and 15 manufacturing industries to test for the effect of trade on productivity. Endogeneity
concerns are accounted for using the geographical component of trade as instrument as suggested by Frankel and Romer (Am Econ
Rev 89(3):279–399, 1999). We find that trade, measured in terms of the export ratio, increases productivity, even if country-fixed
effects such as the quality of institutions are controlled for, though results are less robust for imports. Estimates at the
aggregate manufacturing level turn out much larger, emphasizing the role of inter-industry spillovers.
相似文献
Fritz BreussEmail: |
5.
We analyze the role of vertical innovation in trade patterns for developing economies trading with technologically advanced
countries. A model is presented where the international diffusion of knowledge, promoted by economic integration, is the source
of a technological catching up and leads to a convergence in the quality of traded goods, with a positive effect on exports.
We then turn our attention on the evolution of trade between the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs-5) and their
European Union partner countries, assessing whether economic integration has increase the quality of the goods produced. For
the period 1995–2005, we find evidence of the increasing role of intra-industry trade and vertical differentiation and a process
of specialization in higher quality products, especially in the medium- and high-skill sectors.
相似文献
Marcella Mulino (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
A simple note on herd behaviour 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In his ‘Simple model of herd behaviour’, (Banerjee A (1992) A simple model of herd behaviour. Q J Econ CVII:797–817) shows
that—in a sequential game—if the first two players have chosen the same action, player 3 and all subsequent players will ignore
his/her own information and start a herd, an irreversible one. In this paper, we analyse the role played by the tie-breaking
assumptions in reaching the equilibrium. We show that: players’ strategies are parameter dependent—an incorrect herd may be
reversed; a correct herd is irreversible.
相似文献
Andrea MoroneEmail: |
7.
Price-setting behavior of Austrian firms 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper explores nominal rigidities by investigating price-setting behavior of Austrian firms based on survey evidence.
Distinguishing between two stages of price setting—first the price reviewing phase and second the price changing phase—our
results suggest that the main obstacles to price flexibility lie on the second stage. Our main result is that firms postpone
price adjustments, because they are afraid to antagonize customers with frequent price changes. Thus, customer relationships
- especially those with consumers—are a major source of price stickiness in the Austrian economy.
相似文献
Josef Baumgartner (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
Hardy Hanappi 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2008,18(2):275-289
The goal of this paper is to highlight the importance of the concept of choice. To do so, a synopsis of the most important
contributions to this topic—featuring an eclectic set of scholars across disciplines—is provided. As central to the argument,
John von Neumann’s contributions, game theory and simulation techniques on von Neumann machines, are identified. Innovation
(economic and theoretic) as the driving force behind human evolution seems to head for a new scientific paradigm based on
von Neumann’s ideas.
相似文献
Hardy HanappiEmail: |
9.
This paper explores the implications of trade liberalization by extending the intra-industry trade framework à la Fung and
Maechler (J Int Trade Econ Dev 16(1):53–69, 2007) to the case of sequential move and taking the mode of firms’ competition
into consideration as well. It is shown that the existing results obtained for the case of simultaneous price competition
are robust in quantity competition and sequential move cases. Moreover, it studies the likelihood that the environmental effects
of trade liberalization occur.
相似文献
Lihong ZhaoEmail: |
10.
Bryan Caplan 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2008,21(1):45-59
Ludwig von Mises argues that public opinion, not the form of government, is the ultimate determinant of policy. The implication
is that, holding public opinion constant, democracies and dictatorships will have the same policies—a result I call Mises’
Democracy–Dictatorship Equivalence Theorem. According to Mises, dictators have to comply with public opinion or else they
will be overthrown. I argue that he seriously overestimates the power of revolution to discipline dictators. Mises was perceptive
to note that, in practice, “dictatorially imposed” policies are often democratically sustainable, but he neglected several
mechanisms—all more plausible than the threat of revolution—capable of explaining this fact.
相似文献
Bryan CaplanEmail: |
11.
Professional team sports provide an ideal real world experiment to explore the effect of top executive replacement due to
the availability of excellent performance data. This paper investigates how replacing the coach affects the performance of
football teams. Analyzing almost 2,000 matches of the Austrian premier football league by ordinal (probit) regression techniques
we find that a new coach tends to enhance team performance in home matches but to weaken it in away matches. However, neither
of these effects turns out to be statistically significant. Nevertheless, the much discussed coach effect—ousting an underperforming
coach in order to improve team performance at least temporarily—may make sense despite the costs involved by providing stronger
ex-ante incentives for effort.
相似文献
Franz WirlEmail: |
12.
Niclas Berggren 《Constitutional Political Economy》2006,17(3):217-235
Scholars such as Friedrich Hayek and Aleksander Peczenik have criticized legal positivism for undermining constitutionalism and the rule of law, an implication of which is weakened private property rights. This conclusion is far from evident. First, I contend that legal positivism is compatible with a strong support for property rights. Second, the causal relationship between legal positivism and the degree to which property rights are applied and protected is analyzed. The main arguments for a negative relationship—that legal positivism centralizes and politicizes legislation and that it makes the legal culture servile in relation to the political sphere—are considered unconvincing.
相似文献
Niclas BerggrenEmail: |
13.
Lefteris Tsoulfidis 《International Review of Economics》2009,56(1):29-45
The widespread idea among economists is that monopolistic or imperfect competition is a set of realistic models that were
invented in the 1930s and their purpose was to fill the gap between the polar and, at the same time, hypothetical models of
perfect competition and pure monopoly. The main argument of this paper is that the monopolistic competition revolution set
in motion a reaction—partly driven by methodological considerations, partly ideological—that ultimately led to the restoration
of perfect competition, as the benchmark for evaluating market outcomes. In the end, monopolistic competition eclipsed, and
perfect competition from the fridges of economic analysis that was up until the 1920s was placed to the very core of microeconomic
model-building.
相似文献
Lefteris TsoulfidisEmail: |
14.
This study examines the impact of a stamp tax rate increase on market behavior, using data from two stock exchanges in China. We find that when the tax rate increases from 0.3 to 0.5% (which implies that the transaction cost increases by about 1/3) trading volume decreases by 1/3. This implies an elasticity of turnover with respect to a stamp tax of −50% and an elasticity of turnover with respect to transaction cost of −100%. The markets’ volatility significantly increases after the increase in the tax rate. Furthermore, the change in the volatility structure indicates that the markets become less efficient in the sense that shocks are less quickly assimilated in the markets.
相似文献
Badi H. Baltagi (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dong LiEmail: |
Qi LiEmail: |
15.
Geoffrey Brennan 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2009,22(2):131-143
This paper is an assessment of Besley’s attempt to orchestrate a rapprochement between public choice theory and conventional
public economics—with its characteristic normative orientation towards public policy. In this paper, I first try to set the
Besley enterprise in the context of earlier work—focussing on my own work with Buchanan (The Power to Tax and The Reason of Rules). I then direct attention to three aspects of the Besley enterprise: whether selecting for competence depends on having solved the motivation problem (either by incentive or selection means), how selection mechanisms might be supported institutionally and the possibility
that selection processes might create incentives at the ‘dispositional’ level.
相似文献
Geoffrey BrennanEmail: |
16.
This paper empirically tests the law of one price by applying unit root tests to three panels consisting of data on 90 consumer
price indices for the EU-25, the EU-15 and the 10 new EU member countries that joined the EU in 2004. The four major findings
of this paper are: (1) panel unit root tests find evidence of price convergence for about 70% of all product groups, (2) the
results are sensitive to the choice of the numeraire country implying that any conclusions must be based on all bilateral
combinations, (3) the average half life across all product groups is 2.0 years, (4) the overall evidence for the law of one
price is weaker in the 10 new EU member countries than in the EU-15.
相似文献
Isabell Koske (Corresponding author)Email: |
17.
We analyse forecasts of professional forecasters for Germany regarding the time span from 1970 to 2004. This novel panel data set renders it possible to assess the accuracy and efficiency of growth and inflation forecasts more efficiently than in previous studies. We argue that the forecasts are, on average, unbiased and weakly—but not strongly—efficient. Using model confidence sets suggested by Hansen et al. (2004), we find that, besides the effect of diverging forecasting dates, no other substantial differences in forecasting quality among forecasters exist. Nevertheless, on the basis of a direction-of-change analysis we argue that it is not always advisable to listen to the majority of forecasters.
相似文献
Ulrich Fritsche (Corresponding author)Email: |
18.
The paper constructs an asymmetric information model to investigate the efficiency and equity cases for government mandated benefits. A mandate can improve workers’ insurance, and may also redistribute in favour of more ‘deserving’ workers. The risk is that it may also reduce output. The more diverse are free market contracts—separating the various worker types—the more likely it is that such output effects will on balance serve to reduce welfare. It is shown that adverse effects can be reduced by restricting mandates to larger firms. An alternative to a mandate is direct government provision. We demonstrate that direct government provision has the advantage over mandates of preserving separations.
相似文献
John T. AddisonEmail: Phone: +1-803-7774608Fax: +1-803-7776876 |
19.
Gabriele Orcalli 《Constitutional Political Economy》2007,18(1):1-20
The EU’s immigration policy is evaluated from the standpoint of constitutional economics. The main conclusion is that European
immigration policy is trapped in a system of constitutional regulations that is too rigid as it is exclusively oriented towards
the protection and securitisation of European borders. As such, it is not capable of allowing the development of a problem-solving capacity based on successive
trials, and this produces negative outcomes for the whole of the EU.
相似文献
Gabriele OrcalliEmail: |
20.
This paper develops a theoretical framework which can be used to examine policy implications from the learning-by-exporting
hypothesis. This work builds on previous theoretical literature by introducing a credit constraint. When credit is available,
the analysis suggests that supporting a learning sector via an export subsidy is not necessarily advised to improve social
welfare. The learning sector’s goods may be over-produced (relative to another non-tradable sector goods) when consumers can
borrow freely for their consumption. If the learning sector’s goods are over-produced, social welfare will be improved via
a tax on production.
相似文献
Akinori TomoharaEmail: |