我国零售业经营方式多元化的现状和对策

本文认为,随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善,我国商业零售业格局发生了巨大变革,各种新型零售业态相继出现,形成了多种业态并存的格局。但在实现多元化发展的同时,仍然存在一些不容忽视的问题,如业态布局不合理,结构失调;组织化程度低,运作不规范,优势难以发挥;业态结构调整基本上是纯粹的模仿式;产业高度分散;经营方式缺乏竞争力等。文章指出,要促进我国零售业态多元化经营健康发展,必须加快实现零售业从单一业态向多业态发展;实现零售业态结构合理化;调整零售业地区布局,积极引导农村零售业发展;加强零售业态混合经营管理,将零售业态结构调整引向深入。     

零售业态演变趋势对我国零售格局的影响

零售业是一国经济发展的橱窗,零售业态的发展程度直接体现着该国零售业的发展水平。通过对零售业态发展趋势的分析,得出了若干影响我国零售业发展格局的方面和因素,并有针对性地提出了应对措施。     

我国零售业态发展趋势初探

零售业是一国经济发展的橱窗，零售业态的发展程度直接体现着该国零售业的发展水平。我国的零售业态经历了曲折的发展过程．改革开放后．我国几乎同时引进了国外近一个世纪发展出来的大部分业态。一时间出现了业态“诸侯纷争”的激烈竞争局面，使人不得不产生对我国未来零售业态发展趋势的思考。本文通过对我国零售业态的发展历史的分析．我们得出：我国零售业态未来将出现百货店、大型综合超市、大型购物中心、便利店、折扣店五分天下的局面。当然，任何事物都是内外因共同作用的结果。我国零售业态的未来发展状况。除了受到我国自身条件的作用外。零售业的对外开放、外资零售业的大举进入，也将对我国零售业态的发展产生重要影响。因此也应是我们的考虑因素之一。     

改革开放以来我国零售业发展研究

文章在梳理我国零售业发展历程的基础上，分析了推动我国零售业发展的主要力量，分为无论何时都不可忽视的因素、改革开放早期作用比较大的因素、零售业发展水平越高影响越大的因素，具体分析了经济发展因素、体制因素、需求因素、竞争因素和技术因素在不同时期对我国零售业发展的影响。基此提出对我国零售业发展的展望：零售业的发展会呈现去集中化的趋势、零售业态创新建立在价值创造基础上、新技术将在零售业态创新中发挥重要作用。     

关于零售业态变革的研究

零售业态的变革有其内在规律性。对其变革规律的解释有五种理论。我国零售业近几年得到了很大的发展,也有自身的发展规律。我国零售业在面临许多新的发展机遇的同时,也面临着许多严峻的挑战,面临着如何选择和调整零售业态。     

我国零售业态结构发展研究

当前,我国零售业尚没有形成合理的业态结构,如何从零售业态结构发展变化的规律入手分析我国零售业态结构存在的问题并找出优化和调整零售业态结构的对策,已成为我国流通产业发展中至关重要的问题。     

影响零售业态选择和发展的因素

我国零售业将面临第四次零售革命 ,从经济发展水平、消费需求变化、竞争、管理和零售业态的生命周期规律等五个方面详细论述了影响零售业态选择和发展的因素 ,为零售业未来业态选择提供依据。     

零售业流通技术革新的社会有效性实例分析

自20世纪90年代开始,新的零售业态逐渐进入我国市场,形成各种业态竞争的格局同时,随着国际连锁零售业巨头大举进入我国,一方面促进了我国连锁零售业的迅速发展,另一方面也加速了我国零售业的激烈竞争.分析零售业态变革的客观依据和发展趋势,及时调整经营方针成为我国零售业面临的一个重要课题.本文从零售业流通技术革新的社会有效性视点来分析日本7-11便利店成功的原因,并探讨了我国零售业的改革方向及发展对策.     

商贸零售企业商品销售策略选择研究

零售业是一个国家市场经济发展状况和居民生活水平提高的集中表现,作为第三产业的经济主体,成为反映一个国家或地区的经济和社会发展水平的晴雨表。随着生产力发展水平的提高和世界经济服务化趋势的形成,零售业在我国社会经济生活中的地位迅速提高。我国商贸零售企业之间市场竞争异常激烈,商贸零售业的各种业态形式纷纷出现,如何在商贸零售市场占据一定的市场份额成为我国不同业态零售企业急需解决的重大问题。本文通过分析我国不同业态商贸零售企业的发展现状,进而研究了零售业根据不同消费者群体的心理采取相应的商品销售策略,提出了针对不同业态零售企业的发展建议和对策。     

论零售业态的创新

随着社会的发展,人们的生活品质得到了大幅度的提升,而零售业是一个与人们的衣食住行息息相关的行业,因而使得零售业之间的竞争也越来越激烈。但是,我们从日常的观察中可以看出,由激烈的竞争带来的只是零售业态之间的同质化,面对这样一种情况,零售商就必须进行相应的业态创新和差异化经营。本文通过论述关于零售业态的相关理论,分析我国零售业的发展现状,总结了目前零售商所采取的进行业态创新和差异化经营的方法,从而提出我国零售业的发展方向,推动零售业的发展。     

New Cultures,New Strategies,New Formats and New Relationships in European Retailing

Abstract

During the last fifteen years there has been a substantial restructuring of retailing in Europe. The implications of this reach beyond Europe. The restructuring involves not only competitive relationships amongst retailers but also involves new forms of relationships with suppliers. A new perspective of the role of retailing is emerging that places retailing in a global framework of international store operations, international sourcing of products, international flows of management and managerial know-how, and international awareness by consumers of the retailers who are becoming international brands. The aim of this paper is to place the restructuring in context, to consider the nature of it and to explore how the new global framework will begin to have effects for distribution industries in Asia.     

An empirical examination of perceived retail crowding,emotions, and retail outcomes

Crowded retail shopping conditions can result from many shoppers being present during a given time and at a given place, as well as from limited customer space owing to inadequate floor layout design and allocation of fixtures and merchandise on the floor. This study investigated the effects of the perception of human crowding and spatial crowding on consumer shopping behavior through mediation of emotions of pleasure, arousal, dominance, and a feeling of satisfaction in an international market. A store intercept survey was conducted on 554 hypermarket consumers in Taipei, Taiwan. The proposed structural relationships among perceived retail crowding, emotions, and retail outcomes were analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with Lisrel 8.54.

The results of the study demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model in delineating the relationships of retail crowding-emotions-satisfaction-retail outcomes under actual retail environments. The study found that while human crowding perceived during shopping at a hypermarket store positively impacted shoppers' feelings rather than negatively, spatial crowding perceived due to high spatial density negatively impacted shoppers' positive emotions. The findings supported the view that retail crowding affected various shopping activities through influencing positive emotions and summary feelings of satisfaction. Managerial implications of the study were also discussed.     

Development pressure and retail planning: a study of 20-year change in Cardiff,UK

This article describes and explains changes in the retail landscape of a major British city over the last 20 years. It thus serves to continue the survey of change initiated in 1989 with a comparative analysis of the retail structures of Cardiff (UK) and Charlotte (USA). The changes reviewed in the present study are shown to exemplify broad trends in UK retailing, as well as the growing influences of town planning and urban regeneration policies.     

Determinant factors of failures of international retailers in foreign markets

Abstract

This article seeks to identify why international retail chains (IRCs) sometimes fail to successfully establish operations in foreign markets. The study focuses on the quality of managerial decision-making as a cause of failure. Four such causes are identified relating to the quality of: (1) strategic decision-making, (2) tactical decision-making, (3) decision-making by the management of the local entity (LE), and (4) cooperation between the IRC and its LE. Based on survey data from Israel, we find that causes (1), (3) and (4) are most critical. These results highlight that to avoid retail failure, strategic decisions, such as ensuring clear, distinct and superior values adapted to local consumer preferences, should take precedence over tactical ones. Furthermore, to ensure high quality of local management and smooth cooperation with their LEs, IRCs should strive to control local management and coordination mechanisms.     

零售营销策略组合及零售业态多样化

现代零售业的一个种重要特征就是业态的多样化,各种新业态层出不穷.而不同业态的主要区别,在于其营销策略的组合方式.本文在总结前人关于零售业态演变理论的基础上,提出消费者偏好理论,指出消费者对零售服务需求的差异性,决定了零售经营形态的多样性,而消费者需求偏好的改变,导致了零售经营形式的改变,推动了零售业态的演化和发展.     

“The World's Local Bank”: HSBC's Expansion in the US,Canada and Mexico

ABSTRACT

HSBC has built up a major retail banking presence in Canada, the US, and Mexico. This strategy is unusual both in its conception and execution. HSBC has pursued its strategy through an aggressive series of acquisitions, and its strategy in North America may prefigure its strategy for Europe and South America. The evidence suggests that HSBC first aimed to diversify out of Hong Kong and then to overcome limits on domestic growth. HSBC's continuing success will depend on its ability to acquire and integrate its acquisitions, and to be better than its local competitors at managing a multi-unit organization.

RESUMEN. El HSBC se ha ido expandiendo, hasta convertirse en el banco comercial con mayor presencia en Canadá, los Estados Unidos y México. Esta estrategia es poco común, tanto en su concepción como en su ejecución. El HSBC ha implementado esta estrategia a través de una serie de adquisiciones agresivas, y a través de su estrategia en los Estados Unidos se puede pronosticar la que utilizará en Europa y América del Sur. Todo indica que el primer objetivo del HSBC consistió en diversificarse fuera de Hong Kong y, a continuación. superar su crecimiento doméstico. El continuado éxito del HSBC dependerá de su habilidad en comprar e integrar sus adquisiciones. y de ser mejor que su competencia local en la administración de una organización multi-unidades.

RESUMO. O HSBC consolidou a sua presença como um grande banco de varejo no Canadá, nos Estados Unidos e no México. Esta estratégia é incomum tanto pela sua concepção quanto pela sua execução. O HSBC perseguiu esta estratégia através de uma seqüência agressiva de aquisições, e a sua estratégia na América do Norte parece ser a mesma para a Europa e para a América do Sul. A evidência sugere que o HSBC pretendia, em princípio. diversificar a sua atuação fora de Hong-Kong e, então. superar os limites do crescimento doméstico. O seu sucesso contínuo dependerá da sua habilidade em adquirir e integrar as suas aquisições. tornando-se melhor do que os seus competidores locais na administração de uma organização com múltiplas unidades.     

Developing competence in retailing: strategic advantages

Since the late 1980s, the UK Government has invested significant levels of funding in the development of national competence-based qualifications in an attempt to improve skill levels and therefore international competitiveness. The paper provides an overview of the progress which has been made by the UK retailing industry and presents the implementation experiences of five major retail companies. The paper concludes with an analysis of the strategic implications.     

Evolution of retail formats: Past,present, and future

In this paper, the authors review current literature on retail formats and propose a new customer-centric framework for retailers to focus on as they continue to innovate and evolve. Specifically, they review the literature on how formats compare in their attributes and compete with each other; the role of customer behavior in format choice; and developments in multichannel and omnichannel retailing. They propose a framework for retail formats suggesting two paths – either reduce friction in the customer journey or enhance customer experience. They discuss the challenges faced by offline (physical store-first) and online (digital-first) retailers and elaborate on strategies each type of retailer is pursuing to address these challenges. Finally, they offer directions for future research in this domain. They conclude by calling for newer digital-first and physical-first players to continue coming up with different customer-centric formats, which they predict will slowly morph into integrated retailers, leaving space for newer players to enter the market and hence keep the wheel of retailing spinning.     

我国零售业营销存在的问题及对策

我国零售业前所未有的激烈竞争、巨大行业吸引力和市场份额的集中,促使零售业营销迅速发展.在指出我国零售业营销存在的问题后,提出了经营理念创新、强化非价格竞争、实行服务创新、建设"企业文化"等策略.