发展中国家对发达国家逆向投资的研究述评

本文对发展中国家对外直接投资理论进行了梳理,修正发展中国家逆向投资的战略资产寻求理论并借鉴邓宁的OLI折衷范式,根据企业所有权优势产生的FDI动机对发展中国家企业对发达国家的逆向投资进行了折衷分析。     

发达国家和发展中国家企业对外直接投资动机--基于文献综述的比较研究

在全球经济一体化背景下,企业对外直接投资行为的兴起激发了国内外学术界对其动机的研究。发展中国家和发达国家由于市场发展程度存在较大的差别,企业对外直接投资动机也大相径庭。通过对比归纳发现,发达国家企业对外直接投资动机较为集中,受东道国因素影响较多并大多有市场推动;而发展中国家企业对外直接投资动机较复杂多样,主要受母国因素影响且政府政策推动具有较大作用。这一比较研究也表明,在我国针对企业对外直接投资经济影响的研究中,应先考虑并区分不同动机企业对外直接投资产生的差异化结果。     

横向、纵向抑或两者兼具——中国企业对外直接投资动机实证研究

立足于市场开拓驱使的横向动机和成本节约驱使的纵向动机,通过构建逻辑框架,阐明决定横向和纵向动机企业对外直接投资规模的东道国经济因素。在此基础上,利用跨国面板数据建立动态面板数据回归方程,研究发现:中国企业对外直接投资兼具横向和纵向动机,在针对发展中国家的对外直接投资中,横向和纵向动机均较为显著;而在针对发达国家的对外直接投资中,两类动机均较不明显。这意味着从动机角度更易推动中国对发展中国家的对外直接投资,政府应采取针对性的促进政策。     

固定效应模型下中国对外直接投资的影响因素分析

本文利用2003—2013年33个国家和地区的面板数据对我国对外直接投资的影响因素进行了计量分析,通过使用Ward聚类分析法将这些国家和地区划分为3类:发达国家和地区、资源禀赋型发展中国家、经济增长较快的发展中国家,对这3类国家和地区分别进行回归。研究结果表明,我国对外直接投资具有较强的资源寻求型动机,我国对发达国家的对外直接投资与其市场规模具有显著的负向关系,同时我国对东道国的出口与我国对该国的直接投资有较为显著的正向关系,与出口的关系则较为微弱,人民币的升值和东道国对待外资的欢迎态度以及我国对东道国的贸易顺差,可以有效地促进我国的对外直接投资。     

民营企业因何动机进行对外直接投资?——基于温州微观企业数据的二值选择模型实证研究

在当前推进企业"走出去"战略的背景下,探讨我国民营企业对外直接投资的动机具有重要的理论与实践意义。文章利用温州民营企业微观层面对外直接投资数据,构建二值选择模型对此进行实证研究,发现民营企业因市场开拓与生产转移动机进行对外直接投资。更为细致地,民营企业针对发达国家的对外直接投资仅具有市场开拓动机,针对发展中国家的对外直接投资同时具有市场开拓与生产转移动机;制造业民营企业的对外直接投资兼具市场开拓和生产转移动机,而销售服务业民营企业对外直接投资仅具备市场开拓动机。此外,研究也发现民营企业对外直接投资并不具有资源获取动机。     

营商环境与中国对外直接投资——基于投资动机的视角

本文基于2007—2014年中国对62个代表性国家(地区)的对外直接投资数据,从投资动机的视角分析了营商环境对中国对外直接投资的影响。研究结果表明:东道国营商环境总体上对促进中国对外直接投资具有正向影响;当出于不同的投资动机进行对外直接投资时,东道国的营商环境对中国对外直接投资的影响各异;出于市场、自然资源寻求动机进行对外直接投资时,东道国的营商环境与中国对外直接投资为负相关关系;而出于劳动力、战略资产寻求动机进行对外直接投资时,东道国的营商环境与中国对外直接投资为正相关关系。本文考察营商环境的具体方面对中国对外直接投资的影响,发现开办企业、建筑许可等5个方面有利于促进中国对外直接投资,获得信贷则起到负向作用,而保护少数投资者、纳税和登记财产则不具有影响。     

我国企业跨国市场进入方式的选择战略

本文首先比较了不同跨国市场进入方式的优缺点,分析了并购与新建、独资与合资的各国选择经验和选择影响因素,最后指出我国对外直接投资的跨国市场进入方式选择:从投资动机看,对发达国家技术和管理经验寻求型直接投资的进入方式应以并购、合资为主,从东道国的外资政策看,我国的产业转移型对外直接投资的主要目标是发展中国家,进入方式应以新建、合资为主,从投资规模角度看,我国自然资源寻求型对外直接投资的进入方式应以合资为主。     

制度因素与中国对发展中国家的投资

本文利用投资引力模型分析2003~2013年中国对发展中国家OFDI数据,重点考察了东道国制度环境和制度差距对中国OFDI的影响,研究发现:(1)中国对外直接投资总体偏向于整体制度环境较差且与自身制度环境相差较大的发展中国家,表现出中国OFDI的"特殊性";(2)中国对发展中国家的直接投资具有明显的市场寻求动机,其倾向于选择制度环境较差且与自身制度距离较大的国家或地区,中国资源寻求型OFDI倾向于选择制度环境较差但资源丰富的国家和地区。     

议中国对外直接投资是否为资源寻求型

基于2003-2008年中国对外直接投资分国家面板数据,并采用GMM分析方法,本文对中国对外直接投资的资源寻求性进行研究。结果表明:(1)中国对外直接投资具有较强的资源寻求特质,其在发展中国家表现得更明显;(2)中国对外直接投资的资源寻求性在美洲和亚洲发展中国家表现得比较明显,在非洲不明显;(3)中国对矿产的渴求要大于对石油的渴求。以上结果是由中国国内能源消费结构以及国际上石油与矿产定价机制差异决定的。     

我国对外直接投资的区位选择——基于投资动机的视角

从对外直接投资动机的视角,采用54国2003-2006年的面板数据,在对样本国聚类的基础上考察了我国对外直接投资区位选择的影响因素。发现在控制了东道国治理基础和双边贸易量后,对我国直接投资而言,发达国家的区位优势在于较高的科技水平,而发展中国家则在于丰富的矿产能源禀赋或潜在的国内市场。同时,发达国家的市场对我国直接投资并不具有吸引力,而在对一些资源丰富的发展中国家进行投资时市场因素的作用也不明显。     

Brown＇s Blossom in Britain-China

The overall strategic relationship between U.K. and China is ＂better than ever＂, China- Britain relations have maintained good momentum, with increased high-level exchanges and the reinforcement of strategic mutual trust, with more room for growth in the future.     

Challenge and Opportunity Go Hand in Hand——What Global Economic Agitation Brings to the China's Economy?

Domino effects of the global finance agitation As the origin of the subprime crisis,US financial institutions lost USS45 billion last year,accounted for over half of the total US,EU & Japan loss.Since January 15th,Chtigroup released its financial statement of the 4th quarter,showing a net deficit of USS9.83 billion,which marked the hisoric high of its quarterly deficit.     

Sinosteel：Extraordinary Moves in Industry Chess

Among the Fortune 500 firms,more and more images from China emerge out.On the 2008 list,Sinosteel Corporation,a landmark group of China industries quietly squeezes into the candidate line.As the largest steel service ＆ trade enterprise,its sales reached at RMB 111.24 billion,with a year-on-year increase of 83.03 percent,and the profit grew by 180.03 percent.On the Sinosteel 2008 Work Meeting,the president Huang Tianwen uttered,＂In the coming year,we will work for US$20 billion sales,and look forward to getting a position in Fortune 500 firms for ourselves.＂     

Walk Through Unusual Five Years—— An Exhibitor＇s Canton Fair Course

When the 103rd Canton Fair is approaching, an old friend of Canton Fair, Li Ying from Jiangsu prov-ince recollected his past five years＇ experiences to the grand trade meeting. Each year is special, with some unforgettable memories colored by the year.     

Universal Coverage, Pinpoint Illustration and Profound Impact HTC 2008 Intermedia Recommendation and Introduction Meeting

Holding 88 percent of train media resources across China, based on "Time Cube", on the 2008 Intermedia Recommendation and Introduction Meeting on December 19, 2007, HTC announced its high-profile strategy of tour marketing and tapping the immeasurable potentials on the train. Meanwhile, HTC officially launched its brand new product Olympic Train on the meeting, providing a fabulous platform for all the brands that are prepared to do a smart marketing on the occasion of 2008 Olympic Games.     

Market presence in China strengthened Network growth and Dual-Chinese-Hub Strategy More frequet Flyer Benefit——Air China and shanhai Airlines Join Star Alliance

In the end of 2007, Air China Limited (hereinafter "Air China") and Shanghai Airlines, formally joined Star Alliance at a ceremony held in the new Terminal Three at Beijing Capital International Airport. With the addition of the two Chinese airlines, Star Alliance now has 19 member carriers operating 17,000 daily flights to 897 destinations in 160 countries.     

China''''s Stock Market Wave

The annual meeting of the World Economy Forum was held in Davos,a little town in Switzerland,on January 23rd to the 27th this year,with the theme"the Power fo Collaborative Innovation",over 2500 celebrates from ture political and cconomic circles of more than 80 countries and challengred logether to talk about the future of the global economy in 2008,A Forum for the problems and challenges that face whole world,some of the keywords which drew attention during the event were:the U.S.subprime mortgage crisis,soaring energy prices,the economic slowdown in the U.S.ermerging economic bodies,authority funds and the general unpredictable nature of the global economy.     

Trade Promotion from Neighborhood

If you are considering to trade with companies in Japan or expanding your .business to Japan, we are ready to help from the very beginning.＂ You will find this greeting at the first sight on the Chinese website of Japan External Trade Organization （JETRO）. JETRO has committed itself in delivering highly efficient and quality services to meet the demand of internal and external customs including Japanese companies, hence winning a good reputation in the international trade arena. In recent years, with its priority in advancing business cooperation in South and East Asia, JETRO has made great achievement in promoting trade between China and Japan. Therefore, China＇s Foreign Trade interviewed Mr. Yoichi Maine, Deputy Director General of JETRO BEIJING.     

Auto Parts Market Potential Coming into Surface

Looking at the increasingly fierce competition in the world auto market. global automobile manufacturing industry, taking Europe, the U.S. and Japan as representatives, is gradually forming a new type of relationship, mutual cooperation between whole vehicle and parts manufacturers. We can clearly see that auto parts manufacturers have become independent from the whole vehicle manufacturing companies, which means that the former structure of auto industry has greatly changed, and a new relationship,     

Jean-Pierre Duprieu： Willing to Be A Legate of Sino-French Business

Estaing, former French president, Valery Giscard d＇Estaing attended Sino-French Economic Seminar held in Shanghai in early April and said that the world center has shifted from the west to the east with many European and US companies entering into Asia, and China has the ability to play an important role in the world stage. Estaing, naming himself＂French Confucian＂, then said in Chinese that a cook-group includes 10 people in ancient Chinese soldier system and the cook is in charge of cooking for them. And people who belong to the same cook are actually ＂Partners＂.