从印尼银行公司治理看我国商业银行公司治理

本文探讨了印尼银行的公司治理,并加以反思,结合我国商业银行的现状,笔者认为我国商业银行公司治理应进行产权改革,完善相关法律,改善治理结构和内部治理机制,尤其注意加强商业银行的公司治理文化建设。完善公司治理要“硬件”和“软件”一起抓。     

我国商业银行公司治理和资本市场关系研究

本文针对我国商业银行公司治理存在的问题,分析了资本市场公司治理功能的机理,指出资本市场的融资机制、价格机制和并购机制对完善我国商业银行公司治理结构的作用,同时我国资本市场的弱有效性会限制资本市场公司治理功能的发挥,而商业银行改革也为资本发展提供契机,所以我国应渐进式地推进商业银行进入资本市场,推动商业银行公司治理结构的完善。     

商业银行在公司治理中的作用机制

本文对商业银行的公司治理机制进行了系统的理论分析，指出商业银行是公司外部治理的主要机制之一，我国商业银行治理机制存在缺陷，阻碍了银行治理机制的发挥。在系统研究的基础上，对银行的公司治理机制在我国的发挥提出了政策建议。     

我国股份制银行公司治理的现实困境和对策选择

我国股份制商业银行公司治理处在“形具而实不至”的现实困境中。公司治理法规和产权结构中的缺陷导致了公司内部治理机制中的缺陷。“股东至上主义”思想导致的融资结构和公司治理结构设置的冲突，削弱了债权人对管理层监控的动力和能力。与此同时，公司控制权等市场发育滞后制约着外部治理机制作用的发挥。因而．协调推进内外部治理机制的建设，形成综合性治理模式是我国股份制银行公司治理的目标选择。     

中外商业银行公司治理准则的比较和启示

健全和完善我国商业银行的公司治理结构，在我国已经入世的新形势下具有现实性和迫切性，人民银行发布的《股份制商业银行公司治理指引》，为我国银行建立完善的治理结构提供了指南，本文以《经合组织公司治理原则》和《加强银行组织的公司治理》这两份公司治理国际经典文献为基础，对中外银行公司治理准则进行比较分析，这可以为改进我国商业银行公司治理准则，进一步推动和规范我国商业银行公司治理实践提供有益的借鉴和启示。     

我国国有商业银行公司治理结构问题研究

我国商业银行通过股份制改造,逐步建立了符合现代商业银行特征的公司治理结构.如何更全面客观的借鉴西方发达国家商业银行公司治理先进经验,对我国商业银行的改革发展具有重要的现实意义.本文首先介绍了西方发达国家商业银行公司治理的成功经验,在此基础上分析了我国商业银行公司治理结构中存在的问题,并根据存在的问题提出了完善金融管理体制、充分发挥董事会作用、进一步完善激励约束机制等政策建议.     

我国商业银行公司治理机制问题研究

公司治理机制是当前我国商业银行面临的一个重大问题。本文从比较分析中外商业银行公司治理准则差异出发,探讨了我国商业银行公司治理机制存在的问题,提出了完善我国商业银行公司治理机制的构想。     

提升股份制商业银行监事会的监督水平

近年来,我国股份制商业银行致力于完善公司治理机制和提高公司治理水平,在公司治理上做了很多尝试,尤其是不同程度地强化了董事会的决策和指导职能,进一步健全了银行的决策机制和激励机制。但在完善监督机制、发挥监事会的监督作用方面,股份制商业银行的探索和创新还做得不够,影响了股份制商业银行公司治理的整体水平。     

我国上市商业银行公司治理绩效的实证研究

商业银行公司治理结构是现代银行制度的核心,对于商业银行的发展具有决定意义的作用。我国上市商业银行是按照现代企业制度的要求建立起来的,在公司治理方面相对我国其他类型银行具有一定的借鉴意义,因此对我国上市商业银行进行研究具有一定的理论和应用价值。本文采用实证研究方法,通过对于商业银行年报中披露的有关公司治理数据的统计分析,考察了公司治理结构中股权结构、董事会特征、监事会特征、高级管理层激励特征等各类治理指标对于商业银行公司业绩的影响关系。     

我国上市商业银行公司治理对银行综合绩效影响的实证分析:2006～2011

商业银行公司治理上是我国银行业改革的核心,本文对商业银行公司治理进行研究,不仅有助于加深对我国股份制商业银行公司治理现状和问题的了解,也可以为完善商业银行公司治理机制提供有益的借鉴。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.