产业集群中创新行为主体知识共享策略的演化博弈分析

产业集群的创新过程是集群中的创新行为主体在政府政策引导与支持下,通过彼此深度合作,实现知识创造的过程,也是知识在整个产业集群中的转移、共享、吸收与利用的过程。创新行为主体间的知识共享是集群创新的关键。分析了产业集群中创新行为主体知识共享的内涵,运用演化博弈理论,构建产业集群中企业、高校与科研机构、政府在知识共享策略中的复制动态博弈模型,分析了企业、高校与科研机构在政府监管条件下采取知识共享策略的动态演化过程,并对博弈结果进行分析。     

嵌入型信息产业集群行为整合、合作模式与知识共享——信任机制的调节效应

当下信息产业日益发展,知识共享已经成为企业提升竞争力的关键。本文在总结梳理现有研究成果后,将行为整合和合作模式引入到信息产业集群知识共享关系中,构建行为整合和合作模式与知识共享的概念模型,引入信任机制作为调节变量,并运用结构方程模型进行实证检验。研究发现：行为整合和合作模式对于提升信息产业集群内知识共享效果都具有显著地正向影响,信任机制在行为整合和合作模式与知识共享关系中发挥正向调节作用。     

试论虚拟联盟中知识共享的难点及对策

本文在指出虚拟联盟内知识共享的重要性的前提下,探索虚拟联盟在知识共享时遇到的各种问题,并深入剖析了这些问题如何给知识共享带来的消极影响,并为解决知识共享障碍提出如构建联盟内部知识市场、建立知识共享库、构建合作新文化、建立成员间的信任机制等相应对策.     

产业集群的知识溢出和知识获取

知识转移和技术学习对于产业集群以及集群企业的发展具有重要的作用,集群企业在获取外部知识方面处于有利的地位.知识溢出的大量存在是产业集群内部知识转移的一个重要特点,而产业集群目前面临的一个紧迫的课题是如何拓宽知识联系的边界,不断从集群外部获取的新的知识,避免技术锁定的风险.产业集群的知识溢出和产业集群的外部知识获取这两个过程不是孤立存在的,集群外部知识获取刺激集群内部的知识溢出过程,而过度强调集群内部的学习可能导致集群知识发展面临停滞的风险.     

产业集群的集体学习及影响要素分析

产业集群为集群成员之间的集体学习提供了条件。本文阐述了产业集群集体学习的背景和机制，总结了影响集体学习效果的要素：知识特性、社会资本、学习者因素（吸收能力、网络位置），对每种因素如何影响集体学习的机理进行了分析。并用浙江温州、宁波产业集群作为案例，分析了两地产业集群的集体学习的影响要素。     

促进组织知识共享的对策思考

组织知识共享的目标是要建立一种可以从自己和别人的经验中学习的机制,并能产生、储存和搜索知识,以达到组织行动的理想效果.本文从组织中的知识和知识共享内涵入手,较系统地分析了组织中知识共享存在的诸多问题,进而为促进组织知识共享提出了若干对策.     

企业社会资本嵌入对生态产业共生网络的影响研究

企业社会资本对企业绩效的显著作用已被广泛证实.本文在分析企业社会资本、知识共享与产业共生间关系及其对生态产业共生网络的影响基础上,提出了相关的基本假设,建立了基于知识共享中介作用的企业社会资本与产业共生之间结构方程模型,以天津市生态产业园中的生态产业共生网络为实证研究对象,通过对生态产业共生网络中的企业进行问卷调查,收集相关的数据资料,对基本假设进行了实证分析.实证结果表明:知识共享在企业社会资本的结构维、认知维对产业共生正向影响中发挥了中介作用,企业社会资本三维度间具有正相关关系.这为从社会学视角研究生态产业共生网络提供了支持性论据.     

基于高技术产业集群的知识溢出传导机制研究

本文以高技术产业集群内知识溢出机制为研究对象,分析了知识溢出源、知识溢出渠道、企业吸收能力及集群社会资本对集群中知识溢出效应有效发挥的促进作用.     

高技术企业集群的知识联盟研究框架

文章在以知识为核心的企业集群理论和知识联盟理论的基础上，试图通过分析高技术企业集群中知识存量、吸收（学习）能力、人力资源的流动、信任机制、知识复杂性等因素对知识联盟的影响，研究高技术企业集群内部知识溢出、知识保护对知识联盟中学习和合作创新的影响，以此提出适合我国高新区发展的知识联盟模式和相应的政策建议。     

组织文化对知识共享和创新绩效的中介关系研究--基于PLS －S EM模型

本文将高技术企业组织文化特性概括为开放性、自动性、集成性、一致性、目的性和适应性,搭建了知识共享、组织文化和创新绩效关系的概念模型。基于PLS－SEM模型,实证分析了知识共享对创新绩效的作用机制,诠释了组织文化的中介作用。结果显示：模型的拟合优度较高,具有一定的解释力,知识共享对创新绩效有显著性正向影响;组织文化特性的6个维度均对创新绩效产生显著正向影响;组织文化在知识共享与创新绩效之间起部分中介作用。     

How knowledge affects radical innovation: Knowledge base,market knowledge acquisition,and internal knowledge sharing

This paper examines how existing knowledge base (i.e., knowledge breadth and depth) interacts with knowledge integration mechanisms (i.e., external market knowledge acquisition and internal knowledge sharing) to affect radical innovation. Survey data from high technology companies in China demonstrate that the effects of knowledge breadth and depth are contingent on market knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing in opposite ways. In particular, a firm with a broad knowledge base is more likely to achieve radical innovation in the presence of internal knowledge sharing rather than market knowledge acquisition. In contrast, a firm with a deep knowledge base is more capable of developing radical innovation through market knowledge acquisition rather than internal knowledge sharing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Top management incentive compensation and knowledge sharing in multinational corporations

Growing interest has emerged in viewing the multinational corporation as a knowledge creating and diffusing entity. The importance of sharing knowledge across organizational and national boundaries has been established in previous research. However, the question of which organizational policies lead to knowledge sharing between multinational units is still not fully understood. In particular, the link between compensation mechanisms and knowledge sharing has not received attention in previous studies. By studying 164 foreign‐owned subsidiaries located in Finland and China, this article attempts to identify the relationship between subsidiary bonus pay based on MNC‐wide performance and knowledge sharing between different units of the MNC. In line with the knowledge‐based perspective of the firm, the results suggest that incentive pay based on the collective performance of the MNC leads to greater knowledge sharing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Different knowledge,different benefits: toward a productivity perspective on knowledge sharing in organizations

We develop a differentiated productivity model of knowledge sharing in organizations proposing that different types of knowledge have different benefits for task units. In a study of 182 sales teams in a management consulting company, we find that sharing codified knowledge in the form of electronic documents saved time during the task, but did not improve work quality or signal competence to clients. In contrast, sharing personal advice improved work quality and signaled competence, but did not save time. Beyond the content of the knowledge, process costs in the form of document rework and lack of advisor effort negatively affected task outcomes. These findings dispute the claim that different types of knowledge are substitutes for each other, and provide a micro‐foundation for understanding why and how a firm's knowledge capabilities translate into performance of knowledge work. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

When using knowledge can hurt performance: the value of organizational capabilities in a management consulting company

This paper explores the possibility that utilizing the firm's knowledge resources to complete important tasks can backfire and undermine competitive performance. Drawing on organizational capabilities and knowledge‐sharing research, we develop a situated performance view that holds that the value of obtaining and using knowledge within a firm depends on the task situation. Using a data set of 182 sales proposals for client work in a management consulting company, we show that sales teams that had varying needs to learn and differentiate themselves from competitors derived different levels of value from obtaining and using electronic documents and advice from colleagues. Highly experienced teams were more likely than inexperienced teams to lose the sales bids if they utilized such knowledge. Teams that had a high need to differentiate themselves from competitors also had a lower chance of winning if they utilized electronic documents. There were situations, however, where teams performed better if they utilized the firm's knowledge resources. These results suggest that competitive performance depends not on how much firms know but on how they use what they know. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于竞争与合作关系的网络组织成员间知识溢出效应分析

在分析网络组织成员间知识溢出效应及其影响因素的基础上,本文构造了基于成员关系的网络组织中知识共享的溢出模型,并分析了网络组织成员之间竞争与合作关系对成员之间知识共享中知识溢出效应影响的机理。在模型基础上进一步分析发现:在一个竞争与合作关系合理的网络组织中,知识溢出效应可以使得成员企业认识自身的知识状况,改变知识结构,并提高其知识竞争力。最后,为了强化网络组织成员之间的知识溢出效应并提高其知识共享效率,提出了几点管理建议。     

职场友谊对研发团队创新绩效的影响机制研究——一个带中介的调节模型

本文通过问卷调查法获得372份有效问卷，运用带中介的调节模型探讨了职场友谊对研发团队创新绩效的影响机制。实证结果表明：（1）职场友谊对团队创新绩效是有正向的激励作用的，其中知识分享起中介作用；（2）职场友谊对团队创新绩效的作用同时受到员工知识分享意愿和知识分享能力的中介作用；（3）职位级别对职场友谊通过知识分享对团队创新绩效的影响起负向调节作用，即职位级别越高，友谊机会越小，通过员工友谊促进知识分享，进而提高团队创新绩效的效应越低。     

The social underpinnings of absorptive capacity: The moderating effects of structural holes on innovation generation based on external knowledge

Building on absorptive capacity and social network research, in this paper I investigate how individuals inside the organization use external knowledge to generate innovations. Through original sociometric data collected from 276 scientists, researchers, and engineers from the Research and Development division of a large multinational high‐tech company, I show that the effects of external knowledge on individuals' innovativeness are contingent upon individuals' position in the internal social structure. In particular, results indicate that the positive effects of external knowledge on innovation generation become more positive when individuals sourcing external knowledge span structural holes in the internal knowledge‐sharing network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Internal agglomeration and productivity: Evidence from microdata

Research Summary: We study how internal agglomeration—geographic clustering of business establishments owned by the same parent company—influences establishment productivity. Using Census microdata on the population of U.S. hotels from 1987-2007, we find that doubling the intensity of internal agglomeration is associated with a productivity increase of about 2% in pre-existing establishments. We consider several mechanisms that may be driving the productivity effect and find evidence consistent with the idea that an economically meaningful component of the productivity effect is due to knowledge transfer between internally agglomerated establishments. We replicate our main findings with Census microdata on the full population of U.S. restaurants from 1987-2007, suggesting that the internal agglomeration effects we document may generalize broadly to other industries with multi-unit firms. Managerial Summary: Internal agglomeration is the geographic clustering of business establishments owned by the same parent company. This paper uses detailed Census data on hotels and restaurants to show how internal agglomeration influences performance. Interestingly, knowledge sharing between owned establishments in the same metropolitan area appears to be a key driver of the internal agglomeration effect.