江苏泰州高效渔业规模化发展现状及对策研究

高效渔业规模化是转变渔业增长方式、提升产业发展质量和水平，加快发展现代渔业的重要路径。本文以江苏省泰州市为例，调研了高效渔业规模化发展的现状，分析了制约因素，提出了加快高效渔业规模化建设的举措，并探讨了建设高效渔业规模化的长效机制：加快做大做强区域性主导产业，加快建立高效渔业多元化投入机制，加快推进渔业产业化经营，加快提升为高效渔业发展服务的水平等。     

关于我国渔业产业特性与发展战略的思考

渔业产业如何实现科学发展是确立我国现阶段渔业发展战略的基础性问题。本文在描述我国渔业发展的现象性特征的基础上，揭示了我国渔业发展过程中所隐含的十个本质性特征，并分析了我国渔业产业体系、学科体系、管理体系所面临的三大问题，在此基础上，结合中国水产科学研究院的战略发展思路，指出只有尊重渔业产业特性，树立渔业科学发展的核心价值观，正确面对“三大问题”，才能实现我国渔业的科学发展。     

吉林省涉外渔业存在的问题及对策

加强和规范涉外渔业管理工作对于发展我省渔业经济具有十分重要意义。多年来，我省各级渔业行政主管部门及其所属的渔政渔港监督管理机构，为了适应国际渔业管理制度的变革和渔业经济的快速发展，依法管理和规范涉外渔业经济活动，避免了很多渔业涉外事件的发生，减少了渔民群众生命财产的重大损失，保持了渔民群众生活和渔区社会稳定，保障了外派渔业船员的人身安全，促进了我省渔业经济的健康发展。     

江苏南京休闲渔业的发展现状及其展望

休闲渔业是南京市发展现代都市渔业的一部分。本文概述了南京市休闲渔业的发展现状，指出其在致富农民、美化环境、服务市民、吸引投资等方面的重要作用，分析了休闲渔业发展中存在的问题，对南京市休闲渔业今后的发展提出了具体的思路：以科学发展观为指导，加快休闲渔业建设步伐；挖掘休闲渔业的内涵，丰富渔业休闲内容等。     

新世纪的韩国海洋渔业管理

渔业是韩国的支柱产业，被称为“渔业粮食”的渔业如何走出困境，成为韩国渔业发展面临的重要课题。本文首先介绍了韩国渔业发展的现状和趋势，并阐述了韩国渔业的政策、法规，在此基础上，指出新世纪韩国海洋渔业的管理方向：加强管理和资源的调整，改善海洋环境和创造亲环境型渔业，调整生产结构、加强渔业的竞争力，建立良好的渔业秩序和食品安全体系，保持渔业发展的动力、提高从业者的福利，提出发展海洋渔业的新思路。     

美国休闲渔业现状及发展趋势分析

本文从休闲渔业定义、休闲渔业的发展历程和发展现状等方面对美国的休闲渔业，特别是对海洋休闲渔业进行了论述，并阐述了影响美国休闲渔业发展的因素和今后的发展方向。     

浅议新时期渔业执法队伍建设——关于渔业全员执法的探讨

多年以来，我国的渔业经济发展迅速，渔业产值稳步增长，已成为沿海各地经济发展的重要组成部分，其中渔业执法管理在渔业经济发展中起到了不可忽视的作用。我国的渔业执法队伍也不断发展壮大，制定了比较完善的渔业管理法规，形成了较为严密的管理工作程序，在保护渔业资源、维护渔业生产秩序、保障渔业生产持续健康发展等方面发挥了重要作用，起到了对渔业经济发展的保驾护航作用。但是，随着渔业经济日新月异的发展，渔业执法的管理标准也将向更高的方向发展，以前的渔业管理模式有些已不能完全适应新形势的发展要求，由现行体制引发的一系列问题日益突出，改革渔业执法体制已经显得非常必要和紧迫。必须从执法队伍体制建设这个根本上进行改革探索，加强调查研究，以期使渔业执法队伍的建设跟上需求，跟上发展，与时俱进。     

渔业生产发展及金融支持探析

渔业是农业发展的重要组成部分。本文以北部湾北海市为例。分析了渔业发展与渔业金融支持的概况，剖析了渔业金融存在的问题，进而探讨了加强对渔业发展的金融支持对策，供大家参考。     

中国渔业发展的战略选择

渔业是中国农业与农村经济的重要组成部分。经过60年的发展，中国渔业发展取得了辉煌成就，成为农村经济中的重要产业，在繁荣农村经济、保障水产品市场供应、增加农民收入、保障国家食物安全等方面发挥了重要作用。促使渔业腾飞的因素，正是确立了适合中国国情的渔业发展战略。本文通过总结回顾60年渔业发展成就，概括介绍了中国渔业发展采取的六大战略，并在分析当前和今后一个时期渔业发展面临的机遇与挑战的基础上，提出了未来中国渔业发展的战略选择和重点任务。     

我国渔业科学技术的发展与展望

我国渔业科学技术的发展与展望中国水产科学研究院副院长张荣权，司徒建通一、我国渔业科学技术的发展改革开放以来，我国政府更加重视渔业科学技术进步，从而加速了渔业科学技术进步的步伐。为建立我国渔业科学技术发展的基础，渔业主管部门陆续创建了条件较为完备的设置...     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.