佛得角圣文森特岛海洋渔业发展对策研究

佛得角是西非群岛国家，圣文森特岛是佛得角北部岛屿。本文阐述了圣文森特岛海洋捕捞，水产品加工贸易和服务以及水产养殖方面的渔业生产现状，并分析了圣文森特岛海洋渔业发展潜力和面临的问题。发展潜力方面，佛得角海域渔业资源有限，而周边海域渔业资源丰富，海洋渔业发展市场广阔，发展水产品贸易集散潜力巨大；问题方面，圣文森特岛海洋渔业发展存在生产方式粗放，服务保障条件欠缺，产业链条不健全，国内市场有限等问题。通过上述分析，提出圣文森特岛海洋渔业发展的对策，建设现代渔业产业体系，将圣文森特岛打造成为面向国际市场的水产品贸易集散地和渔业服务保障基地。     

中国参与北极国际合作研究综述

1925年 《斯匹茨卑尔根群岛条约》的签订，标志着中国开始参与北极国际合作。当前，北极问题正逐步成为一个全球性问题，我国作为近北极国家，北极地区的气候、环境的变化将对我国的生态、经济等各方面产生重大影响，我国参与北极国际合作刻不容缓。本研究主要从参与北极科研、经济、治理合作三个方面对已有文献进行整理分析，以对我国参与北极国际合作进行整体概述。可以发现，当前对北极国际合作研究的相关文献有逐年增长趋势，但对北极国际经济合作进行综合分析的文献并不多，随着冰上丝绸之路建设提出及《中国的北极政策》颁布，对中国参与北极国际经济合作的研究将会是以后的一个重要方向。     

广东发展海洋休闲渔业的问题与对策

面对海洋渔业资源衰退、海洋生态环境恶化、海洋食品安全等问题日益加剧,发展海洋休闲渔业已成为国际现代海洋渔业发展的战略方向.《农业部关于促进休闲渔业持续健康发展的意见》（农渔发[2012]35号）指出：“休闲渔业是以渔业生产为载体,通过资源优化配置,将休闲娱乐、观赏旅游、生态建设、文化传承、科学普及以及餐饮美食等与渔业有机结合,实现一二三次产业融合的一种新型渔业产业形态,主要包括休闲垂钓、渔家乐、观赏鱼、渔事体验和渔文化节庆等类型”;“休闲渔业是全国渔业发展第十二个五年规划确定的现代渔业五大产业之一”.     

山东省海洋渔业生态系统健康性评价

运用灰色—层次综合评价对山东省渔业生态系统健康性进行评价的结果表明:2009—2017年山东省海洋渔业生态系统处于不健康的发展状态,健康性持续下降,海洋渔业资源的紧缺性严重。山东省海洋渔业捕捞投入越大,海洋渔业资源的可持续利用水平越低,对应海洋渔业生态系统的健康性越低。海洋渔业资源捕捞量和渔民人均捕捞量的增加,同样会使海洋渔业生态系统的健康性下降。通过科技创新和技术驱动来改善海洋渔业环境、促进海洋渔业的转型升级发展、多渠道优化和恢复山东省海洋渔业资源的群落结构是提高山东省海洋渔业生态系统健康性的一种可行方案。     

山东省海洋渔业可持续发展对策探讨

针对当前山东省海洋渔业资源现状与人口、环境、技术之间的矛盾以及渔业经济发展现状,研究山东省海洋渔业可持续发展之路。重点分析加快近海渔业资源增殖和远洋渔业体系建设步伐;减少捕捞能力、促进渔区人力资源整合;改善海洋渔业环境;加快技术转化,立足于循环经济标准,提高资源的利用率;完善海域管理,加强渔业资源的保护;推进海洋与经济、社会全面协调发展。     

环渤海辽西湾渔业经济带发展的瓶颈及对策研究

环渤海辽西湾渔业经济带以葫芦岛为例,自1989年葫芦岛建市以来,渔业经济迅速发展,但渔业生产仍以分散型和小规模为主,生产技术水平低,管理制度很不健全。分析葫芦岛市渔业发展状况和存在的问题、葫芦岛市渔业资源的市场前景问题,提出规定休渔期和划定禁渔区、对海域污染进行有效的治理、引进多种大型水产品保鲜设备和大型远海远洋捕捞船只、高科技养殖、对海产品进行高级加工和发展具有满族特色的渔业旅游的对策。     

新时代海洋渔业资源治理的理论探讨与实践

通过对海洋渔业资源治理理论发展的梳理，结合新时代生态文明建设和国家治理体系现代化的目标需求，界定了新时代海洋渔业资源治理是政府、企业和社会在法律框架下，尊重文化传统，遵循海洋生态系统的基本规律，通过行政管理、经济政策和社会治理等多种手段和方式，最终实现对海洋渔业资源的协同保护的过程。系统回顾了70年来我国海洋渔业资源治理的实践历程，对照新时代海洋渔业资源治理的新内涵、新特征，指出差距：治理主体上，社会参与制度不完善，多元协同治理理念流于形式；治理手段上，片面强调行政手段，经济激励手段远远不足；治理结构上，传统模式下管理部门职能交叉，权责不清难以形成合力；治理机制上，“政府直控型”治理模式不能满足海洋渔业资源永续发展要求；治理功能上，“发展优先”根深蒂固，对海洋渔业资源服务功能多样性的保护不足。     

城市滨海区域发展休闲渔业研究——以宁波市镇海区为例

休闲渔业是利用渔业资源，结合区域自然环境和人文景观，经过规划设计，提供给城市居民体验渔业活动并达到休闲、娱乐功能的一种集旅游业、水族观光与休闲业交叉的新型产业。发展林闲渔业有利于调整渔业结构，拓宽旅游业发展新领域，改善地方环境质量等等。文章以滨海旅游城市宁波市镇海区的休闲渔业发展个案为例，通过对该区域休闲渔业的基本情况认识、发展条件评价及其存在的问题分析，指出了制定发展规划、准确定位、加强宣传、加强监督管理等对策，并希望此案例研究给类似区域的休闲渔业资源开发与发展提供一些启示和借鉴。     

加快“五大步伐” 推进渔业发展

随着改革步伐的不断推进,保护和合理利用渔业资源成为新农村建设中重要一环。本文就荆门市渔业发展的实际,从渔业的结构调整、渔业产业化、渔业服务体系、渔业项目和新渔村建设五个方面,分析了渔业发展的趋势和特点,围绕渔业工作的市场规划、特色布局、措施管理等内容进行了阐述,旨在拓宽发展思路,水产部门充分发挥职能作用,深化改革,强化管理,积极推进渔业健康、快速发展。     

如何发展海岛休闲渔业——以大连獐子岛为例

随着我国海洋资源日渐枯竭,休闲渔业已经成为现代渔业发展方向之一。休闲渔业是把旅游业、旅游观光等休闲活动与现代渔业方式有机地结合起来,以提高渔民收入、发展渔区经济为最终目的的一种新型渔业,同时可以推动当地观光休闲旅游的发展。海岛发展休闲渔业,是以渔业资源为依     

The new frontier of American fisheries governance

Throughout its history, America has viewed its oceans as vast fishery frontiers. These frontiers are suffering depletion as large amounts of fishing power combined with significant oceanographic changes are straining the limits of sustainability. The new ocean frontier is not the promise of undeveloped resources, but rather the challenge of undeveloped sustainable governance systems. This paper discusses the institutional transformation necessary to achieve sustainable governance. The first part provides an historical overview of the American use of resources as frontiers. The second part characterizes the frontier as an extreme form of resource use, contrasting it to its opposite ideal, the commons. The third part outlines behavioral differences between the users of frontiers and commons, the pioneers and shareholders. Building on the attributes of resource management under the two ideals, the fourth part of the discussion focuses on the necessary conditions and major challenges to developing the institutional capital required for sustainable US fishery management. The institutional capital needed for sustainable fisheries governance is comprised of several pieces: (1) A perception of the fishery as an integrated ecosystem; (2) an identification of shareholders; (3) an allocation of decision making power and responsibility which vests all interests and internalizes the source of control; (4) incentive structures to promote long-term management; (5) management skills among fishery interests; (6) management processes that promote adaptability to change. The final section provides conclusions and an assessment of the progress US fishery management has made in institutional capital development. Pressures of scarcity are forcing US fisheries management to evolve away from the frontier ideal, but the development of the institutional capital necessary for sustainable fishery governance is incomplete.     

海岛旅游与海洋渔业的融合与绩效研究——以大连市长海县为例

于大连市长海县数据，构建海洋渔业与旅游业耦合协调评价指标体系，通过熵值法确定指标权重；运用耦合协调度模型测度2008-2017年间长海县海洋渔业与旅游业之间的融合度并分析其融合水平；基于SCP分析框架，运用OLS回归方法分析探讨长海县海洋渔业与旅游业的融合对海洋渔业绩效的影响；根据产业融合相关理论，总结分析海岛旅游与海洋渔业之间的相互影响因素及融合机制。研究结果表明：2008-2017年间，长海县旅游业发展速度较快，海洋渔业发展较为平缓，两大产业长期处于高关联状态，融合度呈上升趋势且已达到中级协调水平；长海县海洋渔业市场结构水平与市场开放度对其绩效未产生显著影响。产业融合度、天气程度、所有权结构与渔业绩效呈正相关关系，表现出较强的促进作用；长海县海洋渔业与旅游业之间存在积极的相互作用，其内部系统融合潜力大，外部推动力强。     

鱼群洄游预测与生态经济问题研究

鱼群洄游预测研究对于渔业资源的可持续开发和利用是十分重要的。文章建立了基于RBF神经网络的鱼群洄游预测模型。研究结果表明,所提出的神经网络模型对于改进鱼群洄游的预测精度十分有效。渔业资源的可持续发展需要广泛、多领域的相互协作,并且需要自然科学与社会科学以及管理策略的相互结合。渔业生态经济的核心问题是处理好渔业经济发展与渔业生态保护的问题。     

Fishery externalities and biodiversity: Trade-offs between the viability of shrimp trawling and the conservation of Frigatebirds in French Guiana

Sustainable management of natural resources, and in particular fisheries, must take into account several conflicting objectives. This is the case in the French Guiana shrimp fishery for which profitability objectives imply a reduction in the fishing activity. On the one hand, this fishery has negative externalities on marine biodiversity due to discards. On the other hand, this fishery has positive externalities on the economy of the local community and interestingly enough on a protected seabird species in the area (the Frigatebird that feeds on discards). In this paper, we examine the viability of that system considering two sustainability objectives: an economic objective in terms of the profitability of the fishing activity, and a conservation objective in terms of the Frigatebird population. For that purpose, we have developed a dynamic model of that bioeconomic system and study here the trade-offs between the two conflicting objectives. It provides a means to quantify the necessary give and takes involving the economic and ecological objectives that would ensure a viable management solution. Our study confirms the relevance of the viability approach to address natural resource management issues, which should lead to the development of new tools for the arbitration of conflicting sustainability objectives. In particular, such tools could be used as a quantitative basis for cost–benefit analysis taking into account environmental externalities.     

Fishery externalities and biodiversity: Trade-offs between the viability of shrimp trawling and the conservation of Frigatebirds in French Guiana

Sustainable management of natural resources, and in particular fisheries, must take into account several conflicting objectives. This is the case in the French Guiana shrimp fishery for which profitability objectives imply a reduction in the fishing activity. On the one hand, this fishery has negative externalities on marine biodiversity due to discards. On the other hand, this fishery has positive externalities on the economy of the local community and interestingly enough on a protected seabird species in the area (the Frigatebird that feeds on discards). In this paper, we examine the viability of that system considering two sustainability objectives: an economic objective in terms of the profitability of the fishing activity, and a conservation objective in terms of the Frigatebird population. For that purpose, we have developed a dynamic model of that bioeconomic system and study here the trade-offs between the two conflicting objectives. It provides a means to quantify the necessary give and takes involving the economic and ecological objectives that would ensure a viable management solution. Our study confirms the relevance of the viability approach to address natural resource management issues, which should lead to the development of new tools for the arbitration of conflicting sustainability objectives. In particular, such tools could be used as a quantitative basis for cost–benefit analysis taking into account environmental externalities.     

The Tragedy of the Commons: Institutions and Fisheries Management at the Local and EU Levels

Garrett Hardin's Tragedy of the Commons argument states that resources held in common will inevitably suffer overexploitation and degradation. However, recent contradicting evidence has led theorists to question the soundness of this claim. This paper assesses the accuracy and predictive success of the six essential assumptions of Hardin's approach. The aim of the paper is to compare the functioning of the tragedy of the commons approach at the local and the international levels, in order to demonstrate that the context we choose affects the applicability of the hypothesis in explaining policy outcomes. The paper compares the validity of the tragedy of the commons hypothesis in three marine cases: California fisheries, modern Oregon fisheries and European Union Common Fisheries Policy. We find that at the local level the tragedy of the commons can be mitigated when a co-management of institutions is achieved, while the EU case shows that the tragedy of the commons is a realistic prediction when dealing with international institutions.     

Variable unit costs in an output-regulated industry: The Fishery

Departing from general cost theory of the firm and bioeconomic theory of the fishery, this study contributes with an empirical examination of how variable unit costs in a Norwegian demersal and pelagic fishery depend on output and the fish stock. The identification of the separate effects that the two factors have on costs is not common in the literature. Three Norwegian fleets fishing Norwegian spring spawning herring (Clupea Harengus) and five Norwegian fleets fishing Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus Morhua) are evaluated. The findings indicate that variable unit costs fall in output in both fisheries. The results also show that variable unit costs fall in fish stock in the demersal fishery, but with a stock elasticity of variable unit costs in absolute terms significantly less than 1. These results are of relevance to a manager seeking the optimal harvest rule and to understand fishermen's incentives when individual vessel quotas are reduced.     

Assessing fishers' empowerment in inland openwater fisheries in Bangladesh

The Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) approach has made a significant contribution towards improvement of fishers' empowerment of inland openwater fisheries in Bangladesh aiming to manage their resources efficiently. This arrangement introduced CBFM approaches named fisher-led, community-led and women-led approach. A wider range of local institutional arrangements as community based organizations (CBOs) have been established through participatory process with legal entity. Now, the CBOs as local institutions and fishers are more empowered in participation of fishery management under co-management arrangement. The study reveals that there is still lack of institutional arrangement to be achieved at optimum level. This paper presents and assesses the empowerment status of the fisher communities in inland openwater fisheries under co-management arrangement in Bangladesh through Factor analysis and regression model. This study might have policy implication to replicate the community based fishery management approach to promote empowerment for better management.