中小企业外向国际化发展制约因素理论研究

改革开放以来,我国中小企业取得了空前的发展,其对我国国民经济的贡献体现在纳税、就业和技术进步等方面;然而中小企业的进一步发展面临瓶颈,出现了规模小、寿命短等弊病。外向国际化是中小企业可持续发展的关键,也是我国国民经济体系不断融入世界经济体系背景下的大势所趋。因此,对于中小企业外向国际化发展的研究便具有了理论和实际的双重意义。本文旨在对中小企业外向国际化发展的相关理论进行梳理、总结和评价,进而为进一步研究中小企业外向国际化的发展奠定基础。     

中小企业外向国际化发展制约因素实证分析

改革开放以来,我国中小企业取得了空前的发展,然而中小企业的进一步发展面临瓶颈,出现了规模小、寿命短等弊病,外向国际化是中小企业可持续发展的关键,也是我国国民经济体系不断融入世界经济体系背景下的趋势.因此,对于中小企业外向国际化发展的研究便具有了理论和实际的双重意义.本文旨在通过问卷调查来实证分析出制约中小企业外向国际化发展的制约因素,希望对于中小企业的外向国际化发展具有建设性的意义.     

中国民营中小企业外向国际化发展的理论分析

伴随着世界经济一体化的发展,我国的民营中小企业也在逐步地走向世界。文章根据宏观、产业及企业自身三个层面将现有的企业国际化理论整理、归类,梳理出各种理论之间的内在联系,在此基础之上,提出中国民营中小企业外向国际化发展的影响因素,对中国民营中小企业外向国际化发展进行理论分析。     

民营中小企业外向国际化发展实证研究

本文根据宏观、产业及企业自身三个层面对现有的企业国际化理论进行整理、归类,梳理出各种理论之间的内在联系,以期呈现出我国民营中小企业外向国际化发展的影响因素.同时,通过实证研究,证明上述因素在民营中小企业外向国际化发展中的作用.     

安徽中小企业外向国际化的影响因素研究

对具有外向国际化业务的企业高级管理人员的问卷调查与分析结果表明:安徽中小企业外向国际化的影响因素主要有国内经济发展水平、企业家素质、税收优惠、东道国潜在消费数量、国内政策扶持和企业资本运营能力等。促进中小企业外向国际化成长的对策主要有健全与落实中小企业外向国际化的政策支持、健全中小企业外向国际化服务体系、营造良好的资本经营环境,以及鼓励企业家创业和吸引国际化人才等。     

民营中小企业外向国际化发展因素的典型分析

宏观、产业及企业自身三个层面,是影响中国民营中小企业外向国际化发展的因素。文章通过对两家民营中小企业外向国际化发展的案例研究,证明上述因素在民营中小企业外向国际化发展中的作用。     

如何推进民营中小企业外向国际化发展

伴随着世界经济一体化的发展,我国的民营中小企业也在逐步地走向世界。本文首先回顾了民营中小企业及其外向国际化的发展历程,以此总结出民营中小企业的五大特点;并在此基础上,针对在我国民营中小企业外向国际化发展中存在的问题,提出了相关对策建议。     

中小企业外向国际化发展的所有权优势分析

中小企业在国民经济中占：行重要的地位。随着经济全球化和社会分工的发展,在开拓国内市场的同时,外向国际化是中小企业可持续发展的关键,也是我国经济不断融入世界经济体系的趋势。从小规模技术优势、利基市场优势、模仿创新优势、企业家创新优势、易嵌入全球价值链优势和管理成本优势等方面对中小企业外向国际化发展的所有权优势进行分析,对于中小企业的外向国际化发展具有建设性意义。     

中国中小企业外向国际化研究的一部力作——评《中小企业外向国际化理论与实践研究》

<正>《中小企业外向国际化理论与实践研究》一书(经济科学出版社2010年9月版,冯德连等著,以下简称《研究》)是冯德连教授主持的国家哲学社会科学基金项目的最终成果。《研究》总结出一些规律性认识,取得了一定的创新与突破,对解决中小企业外向国际化的重大理论和现实问题产生了重要的推动作用。     

试论中小企业外向国际化运作模式

随着经济全球化的发展,中小企业的外向国际化运作是企业国际性地利用生产要素和管理技能,从事跨越国界的工商活动.中小企业国际化的运作模式如下:     

Strategic decision-making processes,international environmental munificence and the accelerated internationalization of SMEs

Motivated by the paucity of studies examining the effects of strategic decision-making processes on accelerated internationalization, this study draws on the organizational information processing theory and the resource-based view of the firm to argue that procedural rationality and politicization have a negative effect on accelerated internationalization of SMEs. Using a sample of 176 internationalized Greek SMEs, the study finds that the procedural rationality and politicization of SMEs reduce the probability of accelerated internationalization. These relationships are more pronounced in munificent international environments, indicating that when accelerated internationalization is constrained by strategic decision-making processes, SMEs may miss opportunities in attractive international markets. The study contributes to the organizational information processing theory, to the literature on the speed of decisionmaking in SMEs, and to the literature on accelerated SME internationalization.     

Tie the Ties: The Significance of the Binding Networks in SMEs’ Internationalization Process

This research examines the obstacles for small and medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) internationalization and the roles of networks in SMEs’ internationalization process. It finds that the key obstacles for SMEs internationalization are lack of market insights, lack of knowledge and skills necessary for internationalization, and lack of skilled labor. In Thailand, personal networking has played the most prominent role in the early stage of SMEs’ internationalization. Trust is reported to be the critical component for a long lasting relationship in the network. “Friendship” is viewed as the ultimate level of relationship in the trusted network.     

Performance, Internationalization, and Firm-specific Advantages of SMEs in a Newly-Industrialized Economy

In light of the lack of empirical evidence regarding issues of internationalization as they affect small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from newly-industrialized economies (NIEs), this study aims to expand the applicability of existent internationalization theories. So far, such theories have largely been developed with MNCs from industrialized economies in mind. In examining a 1996 sample of 1,419 Taiwanese SMEs, we found that the relationship between internationalization and performance could be graphically depicted as one of inverted U-shaped curvilinearity, and that a specific level of internationalization corresponded to maximum profitability. Our empirical findings also confirmed a relationship of U-shaped curvilinearity between advertising investment and performance, indicating that a minimum level of investment is required in order for advertising to be effective. Investments in research and development (R&D) were also shown to be positively associated with firm performance. The external validity of our internationalization theories regarding SMEs from NIEs was generally supported, though some modifications allowing for consideration of the particular context of individual SMEs will ultimately become a necessity.     

The Impact of CEO Characteristics on the Internationalization of SMEs: Evidence from the UK

This study analyses the role of chief executive officers (CEOs) in the internationalization of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, it examines the impact of CEOs' demographic characteristics on the internationalization of SMEs. Based on upper echelons theory, resource‐based view and information processing theory, it is hypothesized that CEO characteristics like age, education, tenure, and political connectedness affect SMEs' international performance. Using the panel data analysis of 283 UK SMEs for the period of 2005 to 2015, this study provides evidence that CEOs' political connections and educational level are positively related to firm internationalization, while age negatively influences firm internationalization. Tenure is found to have a curvilinear relationship with SMEs' internationalization. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of human resource management's universal model: An examination of people versus institutions as barriers of internationalization for SMEs in a small developing country

Although the importance of people and institutions has been highlighted in multinational enterprise studies, the association between people, institutions, and the internationalization of small to medium‐sized enterprise (SMEs) is an underexplored issue from the context of a small developing country. We examine theories subsumed under the Universal Model of human resource management (HRM) onto SMEs to study the hypothesized people and institutionally orientated barriers posed to SMEs’ internationalization. Using quantitative analysis, the impacts of the barriers on internationalization are highlighted with particular attention to employer attractiveness. Following extant literature review, this study has used primary data collected through questionnaires from 212 Bangladeshi SMEs. We developed and validated the partial least square‐based structural equation model (PLS‐SEM) to assess the impacts and successfully framed people versus institutional barriers as a second‐order hierarchical reflective model, which has not been done previously. Given their marginal significance over institutions, people‐oriented cultural barriers should be included as an extension of the Universal Model to study SME internationalization.     

Beyond learning by experience: The use of alternative learning processes by incrementally and rapidly internationalizing SMEs

How firms learn about foreign markets and internationalization processes is an important theme in the literature on SME internationalization, evidenced by the Uppsala model’s emphasis on experiential learning as an explanation for incremental internationalization, and attempts to explain how early and rapid internationalization can be facilitated by alternative modes of learning, especially congenital learning. Yet, the learning processes used, and the content and source of learning, have not been compared systematically, especially with respect to how these evolve as firms become increasingly internationalized. This paper reports the findings of a retrospective longitudinal analysis of the learning processes, sources and foci of four New Zealand-based SMEs that internationalized incrementally, and four that internationalized rapidly. The findings demonstrate that while experiential learning is important, both incrementally and rapidly internationalizing firms use other learning modes at different stages of their internationalization, and that there are differences in the content and source of learning. Thus, the relationship between internationalization and learning processes may be more complex than the literature currently suggests, inviting further exploration of the multiple ways that SMEs learn, and the contingent factors that might influence this.     

The Internet and Internationalization of Smaller Manufacturing Enterprises

Abstract

One of the most frequently discussed topics in the current international business literature is the impact of the Internet on the internationalization of smaller manufacturing enterprises (SMEs). The study was carried out through a mail survey of the top executives of 125 Wisconsin firms. It examined 10 research hypotheses on internal and external factors which had been identified by previous research to influence the internationalization of SMEs through the Internet. Research findings conclude that the scope of internationalization of SMEs through the Internet is affected by internal factors, such as managements' perceptions of the effectiveness of their web sites as a marketing tool, lack of experience, and SMEs' potential usage of the Internet.     

Outward internationalization of private enterprises in China: The effect of competitive advantages and disadvantages compared to home market rivals

This study uses the resource-based view of a firm to examine the outward internationalization of private firms in China. We investigate the extent to which advantages/disadvantages of resource endowment and organizing capability of Chinese private enterprises (relative to both state-owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises at home) may drive outward internationalization and affect their risk-taking tendency when going international. Our analyses of 553 Chinese private enterprises show that a Chinese private firm's likelihood of venturing abroad is associated with resource endowment advantages vis-à-vis foreign-invested enterprises, organizing capability advantages vis-à-vis state-owned enterprises, and organizing capability disadvantages vis-à-vis foreign-invested enterprises. These same advantages (or disadvantages) in organizing capabilities also increase a firm's likelihood of choosing a high-risk entry mode. We also find that a firm's resource endowment and organizing capabilities interact with each other and mutually enhance each other's effect on the likelihood of outward internationalization.     

我国民营中小企业外向国际化方式研究

伴随着世界经济一体化的发展,我国民营中小企业在逐步地走向世界,民营经济的发展已成为推动我国经济、社会发展的一支重要力量。民营中小企业走向国际化是经济全球化的必然趋势。但是,我国民营中小企业在选择国际化战略方式时应考虑企业所面临的外部因素和内部因素,选择适当的战略进入方式。