伦理型领导对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响——基于组织伦理氛围的调节效应

基于社会学习理论,本文探讨了伦理型领导对员工亲组织非伦理行为的作用机制,并分析了组织伦理氛围在伦理型领导和员工亲组织非伦理行为之间的调节作用。研究发现,伦理型领导者能有效降低员工亲组织非伦理行为,且组织伦理氛围正向调节伦理型领导与员工亲组织非伦理行为的负向关系。     

工作不安全感对员工内创业行为的影响机制

文章基于自我提升理论与领导理论,构建以自我提升动机为中介的模型,探讨工作不安全感对员工内创业行为的影响机制。研究结果表明：工作不安全感正向作用于员工内创业行为;自我提升动机在工作不安全感与员工内创业行为的关系中起到中介作用;领导政治技能正向调节了员工上述中介模型间接路径的前半段、后半段,以及工作不安全感与员工内创业行为之间经由自我提升动机的间接效应。研究结果有助于组织正确发挥工作不安全感的积极面,对促进组织内创业行为具有一定的借鉴意义。     

变革型领导如何影响员工亲组织非伦理行为?——一个被调节的中介作用模型

本文从社会认同理论的视角,对变革型领导与亲组织非伦理行为之间的关系进行考察,并且构建一个被调节的中介模型.研究选取浙江省3家企业的300名员工作为研究对象,探讨了在组织领导化身调节下,变革型领导与亲组织非伦理行为的关系,以及组织认同的中介作用.研究结果表明:变革型领导对亲组织非伦理行为具有积极的预测效应;组织认同在变革型领导与亲组织非伦理行为之间起部分中介作用;领导组织化身在变革型领导和组织认同之间起调节作用.     

员工正念如何影响不道德亲组织行为：自我调节理论的视角

如何有效规避注重组织利益而忽视伦理规范的不道德亲组织行为成为商业伦理理论与实践领域关注的热点问题。基于自我调节理论视角，以工作投入为中介变量，时间压力为调节变量，通过对343份有效样本数据检验分析，探究在中国组织情境下员工正念对不道德亲组织行为的影响机制。研究结果表明：正念对不道德亲组织行为存在显著负向影响；工作投入中介了正念对不道德亲组织行为的影响；时间压力不仅负向调节了正念对工作投入的影响，并进一步负向调节了正念通过工作投入对不道德亲组织行为的间接效应，当时间压力越低时，工作投入的中介效应越强。研究结果不仅为不道德亲组织行为的抑制性研究提供了新视角，而且丰富了正念对不道德亲组织行为作用机制研究。     

仁慈与德行领导对新生代员工知识共享行为的协同效应机制

知识共享能够提升组织创造力和持续竞争优势,激发新生代员工知识共享的内在动机是提升知识共享的关键环节。文章以378名新生代员工及其直接上级为样本,探索了仁慈领导对新生代员工知识共享行为的影响,以及利他动机及德行领导在该影响关系中的中介和调节作用。研究结果发现：仁慈领导对新生代员工利他性知识共享动机有显著的正向影响,并通过利他动机的中介作用正向影响员工的知识共享行为;德行领导对仁慈领导与新生代员工利他性知识共享动机的影响关系有调节作用。当德行领导低时,仁慈领导对利他动机的影响不显著,而德行领导高时,仁慈领导对利他动机有显著的正向影响;德行领导对利他动机在仁慈领导与新生代员工知识共享行为之间的中介作用有调节作用。只有当德行领导高时,仁慈领导对员工知识共享行为的正向影响才通过利他动机传递。     

简历造假影响因素及机制研究——行为伦理视角

随着"打工皇帝"唐骏等名人简历造假行为的曝光,简历造假这种非伦理行为引起了管理学界的广泛关注。从行为伦理的角度探讨个人简历造假行为的影响因素及机制。分析了他人简历造假行为、伦理严重程度以及马基雅维利主义与个人简历造假行为的关系,并从社会认知的角度提出道德同一性是其中的中介变量。此外,还探讨了两个文化价值观变量——集体主义和短期导向所扮演的调节作用。据此理论模型,提出理论与实践启示。     

打工人还是追梦人？自我验证视角下工作意义对员工主动性行为的影响研究

员工主动性行为已成为组织成功的关键,但从工作意义出发探索员工主动性行为形成机理的实证研究仍然非常缺乏。基于自我验证理论,构建了一个有调节的中介模型,探讨了工作意义对员工主动性行为的作用机制和边界条件。文章分两个时点收集了354份有效问卷,研究结果表明：工作意义对员工主动性行为有着积极的预测作用;自我验证努力在工作意义和员工主动性行为之间起部分中介作用;未来工作自我清晰度在工作意义与自我验证努力之间起调节作用,未来工作自我清晰度越高,工作意义对自我验证努力的正向作用越强。文章试图提示管理者关注和培养员工的工作意义,以此激发员工的主动性行为。     

差序式领导对知识型员工建设性越轨行为的影响机制研究

建设性越轨行为是员工在亲社会动机驱动下所表现的角色外行为,现已成为组织管理学界日益关注的重要问题,而差序式领导作为中国特有的领导风格之一,到底会促进还是抑制员工建设性越轨行为的结论不一。文章基于我国文化情景,以16家企业的394名知识型员工作为调研样本,构建差序式领导对建设性越轨行为影响的关系模型,鉴于员工动机和行为结果是由个体感知和组织环境刺激交互效应所导致,故引入个体层次的内生动机、内部人身份感知以及组织层次的团队动机氛围分别作为中介变量和调节变量。实证结果表明,差序式领导对建设性越轨行为具有显著正向影响,内生动机对该影响途径具有完全中介效应;差序式领导与建设性越轨行为的关系均受到内部人身份感知、精熟动机氛围的正向调节效应,受到绩效动机氛围的负向调节效应,且各部分调节效应均被内生动机所中介。研究结论揭示了差序式领导对知识型员工建设性越轨行为的影响机理,对指导组织管理者如何科学对待员工建设性越轨行为提供了理论指导和实践指引。     

包容型领导对员工建言行为的双重作用机制研究

基于资源保存理论,文章从个体层面和团队层面分别探讨了包容型领导对员工建言行为的影响。来自6个城市105个团队领导和329名员工的配对调查数据结果显示,包容型领导能显著正向影响员工建言行为。在团队层面,包容型领导有助于团队关怀型伦理氛围的形成,团队关怀型伦理氛围直接正向影响员工建言行为,关怀型伦理氛围在包容型领导和员工建言行为之间起到中介作用。同时在个体层面,包容型领导有助于促进员工组织自尊的形成,组织自尊直接正向影响员工建言行为,组织自尊在包容型领导和员工建言行为之间起到中介作用。     

团队精神型领导与研发团队创新行为的关系——团队自省性和团队外部社会资本的影响

研发团队创新行为对企业获取竞争优势至关重要。以往研究相对忽略了精神性因素对团队创新行为的动力机制。文章借鉴创新成分理论和创造力系统理论,聚焦于精神性因素对团队创新行为的动力机制以及团队外部社会资本的调节效应。通过对106个研发团队329名研发团队成员数据的统计分析表明：团队精神型领导对团队创新行为具有显著正向影响;团队自省性在团队精神型领导和团队创新行为之间具有部分中介作用;团队外部社会资本调节了团队精神型领导对团队创新行为的正向影响,团队外部社会资本越高,团队精神型领导对团队创新行为的正向影响也越强,反之越弱。团队外部社会资本还调节了团队自省性在团队精神型领导和团队创新行为之间的中介效应,团队外部社会资本越高,团队精神型领导通过团队自省性的中介进而对团队创新行为的影响也越强,反之越弱。研究结论拓展了中国组织情景下精神型领导在团队层次的影响效应研究,也拓展了团队创新行为的精神性动力因素及其动力机制的实证研究。     

The Relationship Between Ethical Leadership and Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior: Linear or Curvilinear Effects?

In this study, we examine the nature of the relationship between ethical leadership and unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB), defined as unethical behavior conducted by employees with the aim of benefiting their organization, and whether the strength of the relationship differs between subordinates experiencing high and low identification with supervisor. Based on three-wave survey data obtained from 239 public sector employees in China, we find that ethical leadership has an inverted u-shaped (curvilinear) relationship with UPB. As the level of ethical leadership increases from low to moderate, UPB increases; as the level of ethical leadership increases from moderate to high, UPB decreases. Further, we find that the strength of this inverted u-curve relationship differs between subordinates with high and low identification with supervisor. That is to say, the inverted u-shaped relationship between ethical leadership and UPB was stronger when subordinates experienced high levels of identification with supervisor. The theoretical and managerial implications of our findings for understanding how to manage UPB in an organizational context are discussed.     

Transformational Leadership and Follower’s Unethical Behavior for the Benefit of the Company: A Two-Study Investigation

Although the ethical dimension of transformational leadership has frequently been discussed over the last years, there is little empirical research on employees’ ethical behavior as an outcome of transformational leadership. This two-study investigation examined the relationship between transformational leadership and unethical yet pro-organizational follower behavior (UPB). Moreover, mediating and moderating processes were addressed. Our research yielded a positive relationship between transformational leadership and employees’ willingness to engage in UPB. Furthermore, both studies showed employees’ organizational identification to function as a mediating mechanism and employees’ personal disposition toward ethical/unethical behavior to moderate the relationship between organizational identification and willingness to engage in UPB. Altogether, results indicate transformational leadership to entail a certain risk of encouraging followers to contribute to their company’s success in ways that are generally considered to be unethical. Implications regarding the ethical dimension of transformational leadership are discussed.     

Impacts of peers’ unethical behavior on employees’ ethical intention: Moderated mediation by Machiavellian orientation

Research suggests a direct negative relationship between peers’ unethical behavior and employees’ ethical intention. But several possible mechanisms might explain this relationship in more detail. For example, Machiavellianism is a personality trait characterized by interpersonal manipulation and the use of unethical means to achieve certain self‐interested ends, whether useful or pleasant. This article adopts an Aristotelian understanding of philia, related to three goods on which human relationships rest: useful, pleasant, and honest. We propose that Machiavellianism, a self‐interested, pragmatic personality orientation, might explicate the relationship between peers’ unethical behavior and ethical intention. The results of a structural equation model applied to a sample of 436 banking employees in Spain reveals that Machiavellianism partially mediates the relationship between peers’ unethical behavior and employees’ ethical intention. We also find that with a greater level of peers’ unethical behavior, the negative effect of Machiavellianism on ethical intention increases, and that when peers’ unethical behavior is nonexistent, the negative effect of Machiavellianism on ethical intention disappears. These findings advance current literature by revealing that unethical peers can indirectly influence ethical intention, through shaping Machiavellianism. Our study is also the first to show that pairing high Machiavellians with ethical peers can help to cancel out the negative influence of Machiavellianism on ethical intention.     

Impact of employees’ perceived threat of market competition on unethical marketing and selling practices: Moral disengagement and ethical leadership

This study draws on the social cognitive theory to examine the effect of perceived market competition on employees’ unethical marketing and selling practices. The boundary conditions associated with this relationship were examined, and we posit that perceived market competition is related to unethical marketing and selling practices through the mediating mechanism of moral disengagement. We further propose that ethical leadership moderates the relationship between the perceived threat of market competition, moral disengagement, and tendency toward unethical marketing and selling practices. We tested our hypotheses with a sample of 387 employees working in the banking sector in Pakistan. Our results suggest that moral disengagement had a full mediation effect between the perceived threat of market competition and tendency of employees toward unethical marketing and selling practices. Moreover, ethical leadership moderated the relationship between moral disengagement and the tendency of employees toward unethical marketing practices. The research findings indicate that when field employees encounter threat perceptions due to market competition, they have a propensity toward engaging in unethical marketing and selling practices when they can activate moral disengagement. This study also found that ethical leadership negatively moderates the relationship of moral disengagement with employees’ tendency toward unethical marketing and selling practices.     

Work Engagement and Machiavellianism in the Ethical Leadership Process

Leaders who express an ethical identity are proposed to affect followers’ attitudes and work behaviors. In two multi-source studies, we first test a model suggesting that work engagement acts as a mediator in the relationships between ethical leadership and employee initiative (a form of organizational citizenship behavior) as well as counterproductive work behavior. Next, we focus on whether ethical leadership always forms an authentic expression of an ethical identity, thus in the second study, we add leader Machiavellianism to the model. For Machiavellian leaders, the publicly expressed identity of ethical leadership is inconsistent with the privately held unethical Machiavellian norms. Literature on surface acting suggests people can at least to some extent pick up on such inauthentic displays, making the effects less strong. We thus argue that the positive effects of ethical leader behavior are likely to be suppressed when leaders are highly Machiavellian. Support for this moderated mediation model was found: The effects of ethical leader behavior on engagement are less strong when ethical leaders are high as opposed to low on Machiavellianism.     

My Boss is Morally Disengaged: The Role of Ethical Leadership in Explaining the Interactive Effect of Supervisor and Employee Moral Disengagement on Employee Behaviors

The popular press is often fraught with high-profile illustrations of leader unethical conduct within corporations. Leader unethical conduct is undesirable for many reasons, but in terms of managing subordinates, it is particularly problematic because leaders directly influence the ethics of their followers. Yet, we know relatively little about why leaders fail to apply ethical leadership practices. We argue that some leaders cognitively remove the personal sanctions associated with misconduct, which provides them with the “freedom” to ignore ethical shortcomings. Drawing on moral disengagement theory (Bandura 1986, 1999), we examine the relationship between supervisor moral disengagement and employee perceptions of ethical leadership. We then examine the moderating role of employee moral disengagement, such that the negative relationship between supervisor moral disengagement and employee perceptions of ethical leadership is stronger when employee moral disengagement is low versus high. Finally, we examine ethical leadership as a conditional mediator (based on employee moral disengagement) that explains that relationship between supervisor moral disengagement and employee job performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Results from a multi-source field survey provide general support for our theoretical model.     

真实型领导与领导—成员匹配对工作繁荣的影响：社会嵌入视角

工作繁荣是个体成长和进步的标志，已成为组织管理领域日益关注的重要话题。文章从社会嵌入视角出发，探讨了真实型领导与领导-成员匹配对工作繁荣的影响，考察了真实型领导和领导-成员匹配如何通过工作繁荣的传导机制间接影响员工创新行为，并分析了差序氛围的调节效应。通过对200份有效问卷的实证分析表明：真实型领导与领导-成员匹配都对工作繁荣有显著正向影响；工作繁荣显著正向影响员工创新行为；工作繁荣在真实型领导与员工创新行为之间起完全中介作用，在领导-成员匹配与员工创新行为之间也起完全中介作用；差序氛围负向调节了领导-成员匹配对工作繁荣的影响，且负向调节了工作繁荣在领导-成员匹配与员工创新行为间的中介作用。研究结论不仅拓展了中国情境下有关工作繁荣的研究，而且为组织管理者如何促进员工工作繁荣提供了理论指导。     

(Un)Ethical Behavior and Performance Appraisal: The Role of Affect,Support, and Organizational Justice

Performance appraisals are widely used as an HR instrument. This study among 332 police officers examines the effects of performance appraisals from a behavioral ethics perspective. A mediation model relating justice perceptions of police officers’ last performance appraisal to their work affect, perceived supervisor and organizational support and, in turn, their ethical (pro-organizational proactive) and unethical (counterproductive) work behavior was tested empirically. The relationship between justice perceptions and both, ethical and unethical behavior was mediated by perceived support and work affect. Hence, a singular yearly performance appraisal was linked to both ethical and unethical behaviors at work. The finding that ethical and unethical aspects of employee behavior share several of the same organizational antecedents, namely organizational justice perceptions, has strong practical implications which are discussed as well.