CvaR准则下需求受到努力水平影响的供应链回购契约

在市场需求受到零售商努力水平的影响下,建立了一个由风险中性的供应商和一个风险厌恶的零售商组成的二级供应链系统。基于CvaR风险度量准则,研究了零售商的决策行为,分析了零售商最优努力水平和最优订购量的确定问题,同时证明了传统的回购契约无法实现供应链的协调;然后,设计了努力成本共担的回购契约模型,给出了实现供应链协调的条件,并讨论了零售商风险厌恶程度、供应商成本分担比例等参数对最优努力水平的影响;数值分析结果表明努力成本共担的回购契约设计是完全有效的,在此混合契约下,供应商、零售商和供应链的利润同时得到了显著提升。     

CvaR准则下需求受到努力水平影响的供应链回购契约

在市场需求受到零售商努力水平的影响下,建立了一个由风险中性的供应商和一个风险厌恶的零售商组成的二级供应链系统.基于CvaR风险度量准则,研究了零售商的决策行为,分析了零售商最优努力水平和最优订购量的确定问题同时证明了传统的回购契约无法实现供应链的协凋;然后,设计了努力成本共担的回购契约模型,给出了实现供应链协调的条件,并讨论了零售商风险厌恶程度、供应商成本分担比例等参数对最优努力水平的影响:数值分析结果表明努力成本共担的回购契约设计是完全有效的,在此混合契约下,供应商、零售商和供应链的利润同时得到了显著提升.     

基于销售努力影响的三级供应链协调研究

在二级供应链协调研究基础上,关于市场需求随机下的三级供应链协调研究越来越多,但需求受多个因素影响,如价格、促销努力程度等。本文考虑销售努力水平对需求的影响,研究由制造商、批发商和零售商构成的三级供应链协调问题。首先建立了两步收费契约和回购契约联合下三级供应链契约模型,并且零售商承担全部的努力成本,但此时三级供应链无法实现协调。然后考虑制造商、批发商和零售商共同承担努力成本,进而给出了联合契约下三级供应链实现协调的方案。最后通过数值分析进行了相关结论验证。     

商品需求不确定情况下的供应链回购契约研究

研究商品市场需求受零售价格影响环境下由单个供应商和单个零售商所组成的二级供应链,针对零售商和供应商的三种不同市场地位的情况,分别分析了回购契约如何使供应链这到协调.结果表明在三种不同情况下回购契约都能使供应链协调.     

基于销售奖励与回购契约的供应链协调机制研究

在单一供应商和单一零售商组成的两级供应链中,引入销售奖励机制建立起由供应商承担运输成本的回购契约模型,分析了供应链双方在是否存在回购契约情况下的最优决策,并推导出在回购契约下零售商的最优订货量与供应商的回购价格.通过算例验证了回购契约下双方的最优决策能够使得供应链整体利润达到最优.     

回购契约在易逝品供应链协调中的应用研究

在考虑易逝品的市场需求为随机需求情况下,研究了基于供应链环境下的回购契约;分别分析了零售商和制造商在没有协调情况下各自的最优决策以及在回购契约协调下双方的最优决策;推导出了在回购契约下零售商的最佳订货量。并通过数值分析,验证了在回购契约下双方的最优决策能使供应链的整体利润达到集中控制下的最优状态。     

基于销售奖励与回购契约的供应链协调机制研究

在单一供应商和单一零售商组成的两级供应链中，引入销售奖励机制建立起由供应商承担运输成本的回购契约模型，分析了供应链双方在是否存在回购契约情况下的最优决策，并推导出在回购契约下零售商的最优订货量与供应商的回购价格。通过算例验证了回购契约下双方的最优决策能够使得供应链整体利润达到最优。     

基于渠道竞争的双渠道供应链低碳协调策略

针对由一个制造商和一个零售商构成的双渠道供应链,将渠道竞争和产品的低碳性能引入消费者的非线性需求中,通过构建制造商为主导者的Stackelberg博弈模型,对比分析了分散决策和集中决策下的最优定价、碳排放水平和成员利润,并采用价格折扣-成本分摊契约实现了供应链的协调。研究结果表明:在分散决策和集中决策两种情况下,渠道竞争程度的增加均会造成碳排放水平、供应链利润和消费者效用的降低;集中决策下的直销价格大于分散决策下的直销价格,集中决策下的零售价格小于分散决策下的零售价格。最后通过算例验证了以上结论和协调机制的有效性。     

突发事件下三级供应链协调研究

目前,大多数供应链研究都是针对较简单的二级供应链,而现实中供应链涉及更多的参与者。市场需求随机的条件下,考虑由供应商、分销商和零售商组成的三级供应链系统,通过利用回购契约与惩罚奖励契约的契约组合研究供应链协调问题。首先建立基本的三级供应链契约模型,分析了供应链协调实现的条件。然后考虑突发事件对三级供应链产生的影响,突发事件下,原三级供应链契约组合模型无法实现供应链协调,通过改进契约组合参数,从而实现供应链协调,最后通过数值分析,验证了相关结论。     

收益共享契约下高校鲜果电商供应链协调研究

针对高校鲜果电商供应链中利润分配不公平问题,以一个鲜果供应商和一个销售电商构成的供应链为研究对象,基于Stackelberg博弈理论研究了供应链各成员的决策策略,探讨了供应商和销售电商协调决策的必要性。其次,引入收益共享契约,推导得共享契约参数的计算表达式,即实现供应链协调的条件。最后通过数值算例分析,验证了契约设计的可靠性,发现契约参数在一定范围内可以实现供应链成员间的Pareto改进。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.