国家现代农业示范区“十二五”力争实现现代化

近日,农业部在成都举办国家现代农业示范区建设专题培训班,农业部党组成员杨绍品强调,国家现代农业示范区建设要把加快实现农业现代化作为建设目标,把发展粮食等主要农产品生产和促进农民持续增收作为中心任务,把科技和体制机制创新作为发展动力,把提高现代农业设施装备水平作为重要标志,把示范带动区域现代农业发展作为应尽责仟,力争大部分示范区在“十二五”期间基本实现农业现代化。     

采取有力措施加快建设现代农业

发展现代农业,推进新农村建设,要靠政策、靠投入、靠科技、靠改革。当前和今后一个时期,在推进现代农业建设方面,要切实抓好以下措施:一、切实加大对现代农业建设的投资力度增加农业收入,是促进农业持续发展和推进现代农业建设的重要保证。要加大对农业农村投资力度,切实把基础设施建设和社会事业发展的     

坚定不移推进江苏现代农业建设

当前我省正处在加快改造传统农业、走率先基本实现农业现代化道路的关键时刻,农业发展面临资源环境约束趋紧、青壮年劳动力紧缺、生产经营成本攀升、自然和市场风险加大困扰,确保质量安全的压力也越来越大。现代农业建设仍然面临严峻的挑战。推进农业现代化建设,要按照中央关于“三化同步”推进的要求,切实把现代农业建设摆在更加突出的位置,认真实施农业现代化工程。着力改善农业基础设施和装备条件,大力加强农业科技进步和人才队伍建设,健全现代农业经营制度,完善现代农业支持保护体系,办好现代农业示范区,为促进经济社会可持续发展提供有力支撑。     

建设高标准农田发展现代农业

开展农村土地整治,大规模建设高标准农田,对保障粮食安全、促进农民增收、加快推进农业现代化等具有重要意义.江苏省南京市作为城乡统筹配套试验区和南方稻作示范区,不仅要满足发展用地需求,还要保证粮食生产. 推进高标准农田建设的重要性和紧迫性分析 建设高标准农田是现代农业的重要内容.稳定发展粮食生产是现代农业发展的重要任务,高标准农田建设、粮食单产等是农业现代化指标体系的重要内容.近年来,南京市围绕都市型现代农业发展定位,着力打造现代农业园区、发展设施农业等等六大农业,取得了明显成效.由于历史欠账较多,南京市急需建设一批全省一流、全国领先的高标准农田,推动率先实现农业基本现代化进程.     

关于分类开展农民培训工作的思考

随着农业技术的创新、应用推广和科技成果的快速转化,需要一大批具有较高科学文化素质、具备一定学习能力、能够适应现代农业发展的农业劳动者,而农民从父辈手中学来的传统生产技能已远远不能满足现代农业生产的需要,这就需要进一步加大农民培训工作力度．加快农村实用人才队伍建设．     

北京都市农业新趋向

作为统筹城乡发展、建设社会主义新农村的重要途径,北京市都市型现代农业近年来发展迅速,农业生产方式发生了深刻转变,农业产业化、组织化、集约化程度大幅提升,农业生态建设取得显著成效.根据北京市的功能特点和资源情况,都市型农业将深入发展,逐步呈现以下趋势: 农业的生态功能日益凸显.都市型现代农业既有生产功能,也有生态功能.随着北京市经济社会的发展,城市生态系统面临很大的压力.因此,要充分发挥都市型现代农业的生态功能,将都市型现代农业建设成为北京市生态屏障的重要部分,保持城乡之间生产生活和生态的平衡与协调,为北京的可持续发展提供有效保障.     

我国现代农业产业体系的构建

<正>现代农业既是一种基础产业,又是一种战略性产业。我国建设现代农业,需要开创农业产业化的道路,实现农产品生产、加工、销售的一体化,使农业经济由单一经济转向综合经济,产品输出由初级产品转向深加工产品,从而使现代农业从弱质产业变成具有强大活力的优势产业。我国建设现代农业,也不能走过去发达国家走过的工业化农业的老路,必须走出一条现代农业可持续发展的新路。因此,我国现代农业的建设,必须深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革,不断提高农民组织化程度,着力构建现代农业产业体系,实现我国现代农业绿色、高质、高效的发展目标。     

关于建设现代农业与农业机械化发展研究

在现代农业建设与发展过程中,农业机械化已经为主要趋势,不仅是现代农业发展中主要的实施手段,还是社会主义新农村建设的主要任务。在现代农业发展中,只有实现大规模的机械化发展,推行农业生产标准化与商品化,才能提高农作物的生产质量。所以,在本文中,对现代农业建设与农业机械化发展进行了研究。     

台湾现代农业发展之路对河南的启示

本文在分析台湾现代农业发展的历程、模式及道路的基础上,提出要推进河南现代农业的进一步发展,必须认真研究和借鉴台湾现代农业发展的成功经验,立足河南农业发展的实际,加快农村土地承包经营权有序流转,推进农地适度规模化经营;走特色农业、品牌农业、生态农业之路;加大对农民的人力资本投入,努力造就建设现代农业的人才队伍;大力发展农业科技,促进河南农业科技进步;进一步健全农业标准化体系;进一步改善农业生产条件;加快先进适用农机的推广应用;大力扶持和发展农民合作组织.     

支持现代农业发展的探索

<正>要发展现代农业,必须发挥政府或国有企业"有形之手"的作用,积极培育更高层次、更具现代管理意识的新的农业生产经营主体。农业是我国经济的基础,中央一直高度重视农业问题。习近平总书记最近在视察吉林省时指出,要健全城乡发展一体化体制机制,加快建立现代农业,加快推进农民增收,加快建设社会主义新农村,走出一条集约、高效、安全、持续的现代农业发展道路。支持好现代农业建设,把国家的战略、规划与农发行信贷支农政策紧密结合,     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.