专利能提升企业价值吗?——基于中国创业板的数据分析

创新驱动发展，测度创新最常用的指标是专利，专利能否提升企业价值，关系到专利活动的意义和可持续性。基于2009～2017年创业板355家企业的数据，研究发现：发明申请数对企业价值影响不显著，授权数显著提升企业价值且效果滞后；实用新型申请和授权数均显著提升企业价值；外观设计申请和授权数对企业价值影响不显著或偏负面。因此，应继续把专利做为创新驱动发展的抓手，持续鼓励发明专利申请，进一步重视和发挥实用新型专利的作用，优化外观设计专利制度，加大专利申查力度，提高专利整体质量。     

专利文献在企业经营活动中的作用

本文叙述了专利文献是科技知识的宝库，充分利用专利文献是企业经营活动、技术产品开发中的一条捷径，充分利用专利可保护和防止侵犯专利权，利用专利文献可判断企业的新产品是否有申请专利的价值以及利用专利文献在引进技术时可维护企业的合法权益等。使企业在当前的市场经济竞争中立稳脚跟，推陈出新，始终充满着活力。     

信贷期限结构对企业创新的影响

本文基于2000—2017年中国A股上市公司样本，从微观视角验证信贷期限结构长期化与企业创新产出之间的正向关系。经过内生性处理和稳健性检验，该结论依然成立。进一步的异质性分析显示，信贷期限结构长期化促进企业创新产出的效应大小取决于专利类型与企业特征。具体而言，相比实用新型专利和外观设计专利，信贷期限结构长期化更能促进发明专利的申请。并且，信贷期限结构长期化对国有企业、大型企业、成长期企业以及融资约束程度低的企业具有更加明显的创新促进效应。本文的研究结论厘清了企业信贷期限结构在企业创新过程中的重要作用，有助于中国企业走出信贷资金长期贷款比重不高的困境，不断增强创新实力。     

新收入准则下企业专利权转化收入会计处理研究——以某科研企业为例

近年来，我国科技创新快速发展，科技创新产出数量快速增加，质量不断提升，专利交易市场活力不断被激发。2017年我国修订《企业会计准则第14号——收入》，对授予知识产权许可收入确认进行了重新规范。本文结合新收入准则，对某科研企业专利转化收入的确认和核算进行分析，为企业规范专利转化收益核算提供案例参考。     

企业专利管理对策研究

一、企业专利管理工作中存在的问题（一）专利管理意识不强，专利管理基础薄弱企业的专利管理工作还相当薄弱，专利制度保护企业参与市场竞争优势的作用未能充分发挥。主要表现在：第一、多数企业没有制定自己的专利战略，没有意识到专利战略在企业经营和产品、技术研发方面的重要性。缺乏对本领域或相关技术领域知识产权发展动态的跟踪，明确自己的技术开发和创新思路，确定开发重点和专利经营战略。第二、没有建立专门的知识产权管理机构，配备专职人员。许多企业领导认为，企业发明创造不多，此类机构不必设置，专利工作由技术部门代管就…     

专利信息分析在中小微企业产品开发中的应用研究

专利信息是发展经济技术不可缺少的重要信息资源,为技术研发人员学习、借鉴世界各国的先进技术提供了重要的参考依据,合理有效地分析利用可提高企业创新效率。文章主要对专利信息分析方法在企业新产品研发中的应用进行了研究,提炼出一套适合研发力量相对薄弱的中小微企业的专利信息应用模型,并以某企业智能衣柜新产品开发为例,浅谈了专利信息应用模型的有效性和实用性。     

开放式创新、专利保护与创新绩效

研究开放式创新与专利保护对于新能源汽车企业的技术创新绩效的影响在我国“双碳”目标中显得尤为重要。本研究基于2000～2021年新能源汽车上市公司发明专利申请数据和引用数据,运用门限回归模型、中介效应模型进行实证分析,研究开放式创新和专利保护对企业创新绩效的影响。研究结果显示：开放式创新对中国新能源汽车上市企业的创新绩效存在单门槛效应;专利保护对于创新绩效具有双门槛效应;开放式创新对于专利保护具有单门槛效应;专利保护对于创新绩效的影响有直接作用和间接作用两条路径。结论表明,开放式创新与专利保护相辅相成,企业应在开放式创新基础上建立健全专利保护策略,促进合作的同时保护自身创新成果,以实现更高的创新绩效。     

企业创新发展中专利信息的作用分析

随着市场经济的快速发展,企业要想在市场竞争中存活,必须具有独特的自身优势,才能促进企业的稳步发展。专利是企业技术创新的集中表现,专利信息为企业发展护航。企业必须提高对专利信息的重视程度,在企业研发过程中加强专利信息的应用。文章通过对专利信息的特点和分析方法进行介绍,阐述了专利信息在企业创新发展中的作用。     

专利与创新：偏好、困境与陷阱

中国企业为何拥有数量巨大的专利,却不能拥有数量巨大的创新产品,关键在于企业家精神的缺乏。本文使用微观企业的调查数据,研究得出：企业家精神的不足与政府的政策导向,使得中国企业形成“专利偏好”,即企业更重视发明专利的数量,而非质量;对不同专利资源优化整合的动力不足,更缺乏将专利转化为创新产品的动力;中国企业对拥有专利存在偏好,带来“创新困境”进而让企业步入“专利陷阱”。基于这些发现,本文提出“专利偏好”、“创新困境”及“专利陷阱”的理论假说,并利用本土高新技术企业的微观数据验证了理论假说。     

专利合作与许可：创新共赢与法律挑战

<正>当今全球，科技创新是推动经济增长和社会进步的重要力量。专利作为一项重要的知识产权形式，在企业竞争中扮演着至关重要的角色。随着近年来全球各国专利保护力度的不断加大，专利对于企业的价值愈发凸显。然而新技术的开发、新专利的产生往往需要花费企业大量的时间、经费和资源，随着市场竞争的加剧，专利合作与许可成为越来越多企业的选择。     

How open innovation processes vary between urban and remote environments: slow innovators,market-sourced information and frequency of interaction

Geographic research on firm-level innovation is generally premised on the idea of open innovation, suggesting that innovation occurs more readily in urban settings or clusters, which generate local buzz and allow access to external actors. However, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that firms also introduce first-to-market innovations in remote locations. In this exploratory paper, building upon work by Philip McCann, we outline a conceptual framework that connects innovators (differentiated by information source and frequency of interaction with interlocutors) and location (distance from a metropolitan area): slow innovators, relying on non-market-sourced information and infrequent contacts, will be overrepresented in isolated locations. Fast innovators, relying on market-sourced information and frequent interactions, will locate closer to cities. Our results confirm this. Our interpretation of these results – slow innovators are more reliant on technological information which loses value more slowly than faster decaying market-oriented information – requires further investigation.     

Dynamic Effects of Patent Policy on Sequential Innovation

When one patented innovation enables another, endogenous delay of the latter has important implications for the economics of patent life and scope, if licensing is negotiated ex post. Optimal patent life may be finite under competition, even if the royalty imposes no deadweight loss and there is no competitive dissipation of rent. Reduced scope of the first patent eliminates delay of costly enabled innovations, whether monopolized or competitive, and a combination of limited scope and infinite life can be optimal. If the second innovation is negotiated ex ante, its patentability can increase or decrease the first innovator's profit, depending on cost and market structure of the second innovation, and patent life.     

Distinctive Features of Environmental Innovators: An Econometric Analysis

This paper analyzes the main determinants influencing environmental innovators (i.e. firms developing or adopting environmental innovations) in Spain with respect to non‐environmental innovators. Similarly to other contributions in the literature, our results show that Spanish environmental innovators respond to regulatory stimulus in the form of demand‐pull and technology‐push instruments. They have a high internal technological capability and combine internal and external information sources, mostly in cooperation with knowledge institutions. Environmental innovators are more concentrated in mature, traditionally highly polluting sectors, but new firms are not more environmentally innovative than incumbents. Most importantly, in contrast to other environmental innovation studies, mostly carried out in a German context, we have not found evidence of a market pull from either the domestic or international markets. Furthermore, cost savings are not found to be a distinctive driver for environmental innovators. These differential results are possibly related to the special features of Spain regarding its national innovation system and the degree of stringency of environmental regulation and environmental consciousness of its consumers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Innovate or Imitate? Behavioural technological change

We propose a behavioural model of technological change with evolutionary switching between costly innovators and free imitators, and study the endogenous interplay of innovation decisions, market price dynamics and technological progress. Innovation and imitation are strategic substitutes and exhibit negative feedback. Endogenous technological change is the cumulative outcome of innovation decisions. There are three scenarios: market breakdown, Schumpeterian rents and learning curves. The latter is characterised by an increasing fraction of innovators when demand is elastic, while inelastic demand allows technological progress with shrinking innovation effort. Model simulations are compared to stylised features of empirical data in two industrial sectors.     

Risk aversion in a model of endogenous growth

Despite the evidence on incomplete financial markets and substantial risk being borne by innovators, current models of growth through creative destruction predominantly model innovators’ as risk neutral. Risk aversion is expected to reduce the incentive to innovate and we might fear that without insurance innovation completely disappears in the long run. The present paper introduces risk averse agents into an occupational choice model of endogenous growth in which insurance against failure to innovate is not available. We derive a clear negative relationship between the level of risk aversion and long run growth. Surprisingly, we show that in an equilibrium there exists a cut-off value of risk aversion below which the growth rate of the mass of innovators tends to a strictly positive constant. In this case, innovation persists on the long run and consumption per capita grows at a strictly positive rate. On the other hand, for levels of risk aversion above the cut-off value, the economy eventually stagnates.     

Innovation for Inclusive Business: Intrapreneurial Bricolage in Multinational Corporations

It is often argued that multinational corporations (MNCs) are in a unique position to innovate business models that can help to alleviate poverty. This empirical study into intra‐organizational aspects of pro‐poor business innovation in two MNCs suggests, however, that certain elements of their management frameworks – such as short‐term profit interests, business unit based incentive structures, and uncertainty avoidance – may turn into obstacles that prevent MNCs from reaching their full potential in this respect. We introduce the concept of intrapreneurial bricolage to show how middle manager innovators may promote pro‐poor business models despite these obstacles. We define intrapreneurial bricolage as entrepreneurial activity within a large organization characterized by creative bundling of scarce resources, and illustrate empirically how it helps innovators to overcome organizational constraints and to mobilize internal and external resources. Our findings imply that intrapreneurial bricolage may be of fundamental importance in MNC innovation for inclusive business. In addition to the field of inclusive business, this study has implications for the study of bricolage in large organizations and social intrapreneurship, as well for managerial practice around innovation for inclusive business.     

Innovation contests with entry auction

We consider innovation contests for the procurement of an innovation under moral hazard and adverse selection. Innovators have private information about their abilities, and choose unobservable effort in order to produce innovations of random quality. Innovation quality is not contractible. We compare two procurement mechanisms—a fixed prize and a first-price auction. Before the contest, a fixed number of innovators is selected in an entry auction, in order to address the adverse selection problem. We find that–if effort and ability are perfect substitutes–both mechanisms implement the same innovations in symmetric pure-strategy equilibrium, regardless of whether the innovators’ private information is revealed or not. These equilibria are efficient if the procurer is a welfare-maximizer.     

Impact of changes in regulatory performance standards on innovation: A case of energy performance standards for newly-built houses

This paper explores the impact of changes in prescribed performance standards on innovation in an industry characterised by loosely coupled systems. Using a case of energy performance standards for newly-built houses, it investigates how changes to these standards have affected the innovation of houses, combining qualitative and quantitative data from the Netherlands. The key finding is that standardisation does not only increase the amount of innovation conducted in an industry while achieving societal goals, such as improving energy efficiency. It also triggers different types of innovation. While innovators in the investigated field prefer incremental innovations which can be integrated easily into existing ways of building houses, tightened requirements require systemic innovations, meaning that processes and organisations need to be changed. Additionally, we find that ambitious performance standards can also impact the organisation of an entire sector: they can force integration, the tightening of couplings between firms, in order to achieve systemic innovation.     

External linkages and product innovation in small manufacturing firms

The requirement for small firms to collaborate, as a means to supplementing and complementing limited internal resources, has dominated much of the academic and policy debate on regional development and small firm innovation throughout the late 1980s and 1990s. However, relatively little empirical work has sought to look further than simple frequency enumeration - noting that the most innovative and better performing firms are generally more likely to have links with external organizations. Based upon a sample of 228 small West Midlands' manufacturers, this study considers the source, function, geography and strength of innovation-related co-operation. While the general findings point to innovators making greater use of external linkages, of certain types and in particular directions (notably the preponderance of vertical value chain linkages), the results are less emphatic than might have been anticipated. This leads to consideration of the factors contributing to and impeding joint innovation and the firms' perceptions of the impact of innovation. From this, it appears that much of the observed difference between innovators and non-innovators lies in less objective measures. The data suggest the importance of inter-personal dynamics, attitude and expectations in facilitating successful collaboration.     

Successful eco‐innovators: Exploring the association between open inbound knowledge strategies and the performance of eco‐innovative firms

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the association between open inbound knowledge strategies and the performance of eco‐innovative firms in the food and beverage industry. We propose a mixed framework based on the eco‐innovation literature and the open innovation approach. We consider the characteristics in a traditional sector based upon a resource‐based perspective. Three types of firms are distinguished in terms of their sales growth in the Spanish food industry from the least to the most successful eco‐innovators. Using multinomial logistic regression models, it is shown that the diversity of collaborators (breadth of external sources of knowledge) and joint adoption of product and process eco‐innovations are positively associated with the probability of achieving high sales growth. Moreover, we find an inverted U‐shaped relationship between the breadth of the external search and firm performance, but only for the group of the most successful firms. Moreover, operational flexibility, knowledge‐based capabilities and company size are also positively related to the group of successful eco‐innovators.