动向

中俄签署双边本币结算协定 经国务院批准,2011年6月23日,中国人民银行与俄罗斯联邦中央银行在俄罗斯签订了新的双边本币结算协定。协定签订后,中俄本币结算从边境贸易扩大到了一般贸易,并扩大了地域范围。协定规定两国经济活动主体可自行决定用自由兑换货币、人民币和卢布进行商品和服务的结算与支付。协定将进一步加深中俄两国的金融合作,促进双边贸易和投资增长。     

中俄边境贸易本币结算发展现状及对策研究

中俄两国银行间的本币结算业务,在全国已经推广将近一年的时间,从运行效果看,尚有一些不尽人意的地方。为此,我们对黑龙江省中俄两国边境贸易的基本情况,以及中俄银行间本币结算的发展现状进行了深入的调查,以求进一步完善两国银行间的本币结算,促进中俄经贸顺利发展。一、边境     

中俄两国实现本币结算的影响分析

2010年3月,全国＂两会＂期间公布的＂十二五＂规划纲要明确提出了＂十二五＂期间重点推进长吉图经济区经济发展的要求。长吉图地区毗邻俄罗斯,中国的市场、人力和技术优势与俄罗斯的资源优势相结合,使得两国经济具有很强的互补性,因此,中俄贸易将成为推动长吉图地区发展的重要动力。2010年11月23日,中俄两国总理宣布,双方决定使用本国货币实现双边贸易结算,在这一背景下本文探讨了如何改变两国本币结算额偏低现状、促进两国贸易发展,以及本币结算对两国的影响,并提出了相应建议。     

中俄边贸本币结算全面推广评价与分析

中俄两国边境地区银行间本币结 算经过了黑河两年的试点工作，已经从 2005年1月1日开始，正式在两国边境地 区全面推广。本币结算全面推广，对中 俄两国间的贸易发展意义重大。 一、存在的问题及分析 1． 人民币与卢布不能在对方国家 边境地区自由流通制约了本币结算的 发展。两国的政府规定本国境内只能流 通本国货币，本币结算可用资金量相对 减少，不利于本币结算业务量的扩大。 2． 就目前而言，本币结算业务仍需 要依靠美元账户进行资金清算。因此， 本币结算业务开展的基础是双边商业 银行需同时建立美元及本币账户代理     

业界大事

中俄央行签署双边本币结算协定6月23日,中国人民银行与俄罗斯联邦中央银行在俄罗斯签订了新的双边本币结算协定。协定签订后,中俄本币结算从边境贸易扩大到了一般贸易,并扩大了地域范围。协定规定两国经济活动主体可自行决定用自由兑换货币、人民币和卢布进行商品和服务的结算与支付。     

推动俄远东跨境人民币结算发展的对策建议

人民币区域化是人民币走向国际化的必经阶段,是我国经济实力日益强大在货币地位上的具体表现。2002年,中俄两国签订《中国人民银行与俄罗斯联邦中央银行关于边境地区贸易的银行结算协定》及其纪要,为两国开展卢布-人民币结算提供了政策依据。次年完成第一笔人民币结算,拉开两国远东地区跨境人民币结算的序幕。最初的四、五年,双方本币结算使用的货币中,卢布一直占据主导地位,人民币使用较少,仅占本币总结算量的5%左右,     

俄媒:人民币在中俄贸易中受欢迎

<正>俄媒称,美元在中俄贸易结算中正逐步变成多余的第三币种,让位于本币,两国边境贸易中卢布和人民币的相互结算增长要更明显些。据俄罗斯卫星网5月15日报道,2016年第一季度,俄罗斯外贸银行在阿穆尔州的人民币和卢布结算占比82%。相比之下,2015年同期的本币结算额仅占伙伴间贸易总额的30%。那么,究竟哪些商品是用本币结算的呢?据外贸银行驻布拉戈维申斯     

俄罗斯中央银行极力推动本币结算扩大化的原因分析

2004年9月，中俄双方央行签署纪要，将边贸本币结算试点范围扩大到两国所有的边境口岸及俄方与我国接壤的六个联邦主体。在此后的连续三届分委会上，经过中俄双方代表团的共同努力，于2006年11月将两国本币结算扩大到中方黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、新疆四省全境；2007年11月，两国央行签署将本币结算协定的适用范围扩展到边境旅游服务的纪要。在几次谈判过程中，俄方代表对本币协定扩大适用范围方面表现得异常积极，其背后的真正原因值得深入研究。     

关注中俄边贸中的本币结算问题

中俄边贸本币结算中存在的问题2002年8月22日,中俄金融合作委员会在上海签订了《中国人民银行与俄罗斯联邦中央银行关于边境地区贸易的银行结算协定》,为中俄银行结算试点工作提供了法律基础。     

资讯

中自两国中央银行箍订双边本币结算协议 经国务院批准,3月24日,中国人民银行副行长苏宁与白俄罗斯国家银行行长普罗科波维奇在白俄罗斯明斯克共同签署了《中白双边本币结算协议》。该协议旨在深化我国与白俄罗斯的经济合作,便利中白之间的贸易和投资。根据协议．符合两国法律规定的民事主体间的支付与结算可以使用两国法律所允许的任何货币（包括中白两国的本币）办理。这是第一个我国与非接壤国家签订的一般贸易本币结算协议。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.