中国纺织服装产业内贸易现状及决定因素实证研究——基于 2002～2010年面板数据的分析

本文从静态和动态角度考察了2002～2010年中国纺织服装业总体、水平型和垂直型产业内贸易现状及其决定因素。实证结果表明:中国纺织服装总体产业内贸易发展缓慢,水平不高,仍以产业间贸易为主;各子产品产业内贸易水平高低不一,以垂直型产业内贸易为主导。经济规模、人均收入水平与我国产业内贸易尤其是水平型产业内贸易呈正相关,且有显著增强趋势;人均收入差异对我国纺织服装VIIT起到正向作用,且影响显著;地理距离对中国纺织服装TIIT、HIIT和VIIT起到了较显著负面影响;人民币汇率变动与中国纺织服装TIIT、HIIT和VIIT正相关,且影响程度有增强趋势;贸易不平衡与我国TIIT、HIIT和VIIT显著负相关,且影响程度有增强趋势。贸易开放度对我国纺织服装TI-IT、HIIT和VIIT的影响不显著。     

水平型与垂直型产业内贸易区分研究

产业内贸易的研究从20世纪后期开始,主要集中在水平型与垂直型产业内贸易的区分研究上。理论研究认为,规模经济和不完全竞争是解释水平型产业内贸易的基础,而比较优势与完全竞争则可以解释垂直型产业内贸易。经验研究基本上证实了垂直型产业内贸易的相对重要性以及比较优势的基础作用。     

中日服务业产业内贸易影响因素分析

本文利用联合国服务贸易数据库2000-2010年的数据,通过GL指数、MIIT指数、HIIT指数和VIIT指数,对中日服务业产业内贸易水平进行分析,认为中日服务贸易以垂直型产业内贸易为主,并且服务贸易各部门产业内贸易水平差异较大,运输、旅游、通讯、建筑、保险、金融和其他商业服务的产业内贸易水平较高;对影响中日服务业产业内贸易发展的因素进行回归分析表明:人均收入水平差异和市场规模是影响中日服务业产业内贸易水平的重要因素,中日人均收入水平差异和市场开放度与中日服务业产业内贸易正相关,市场规模和日本对华直接投资与中日服务业产业内贸易负相关。     

中国与欧盟制成品产业内贸易及其影响因素

本文采用Grubel-Llyod指数,对中国与欧盟制成品产业内贸易水平及其影响因素进行了探讨。研究发现,中国与欧盟整体的制成品贸易以产业内贸易为主,但对不同的欧盟国家以及不同类型的制成品产业,其产业内贸易水平与发展趋势有着较大的差异。通过计量分析,认为欧盟国家的市场规模、对外开放水平、对华直接投资、研发水平以及中国与欧盟国家的市场规模差异等变量,均对中欧制成品产业内贸易水平有显著影响,但这种影响对于不同类型的制成品产业是不一样的。     

Outward Foreign Direct Investment,Interindustry Networks,and U.S. Trade Politics

This article investigates how outward foreign direct investment by U.S. multinational corporations influences industry lobbying for trade protection in the United States, focusing on interindustry structure of goods sales networks between upstream and downstream sectors and also on the multinationals’ input procurement patterns. If foreign affiliates of U.S. multinationals switch input sources from U.S. to host-country suppliers, U.S. suppliers should receive a negative demand shock, ceteris paribus. An empirical test finds that those U.S. upstream sectors that are highly dependent upon U.S. multinationals for goods sales tend to lobby more as the multinationals’ overseas production and sales increase.     

后配额时代中国纺织服装业产业内贸易研究

文章对后配额时代中国纺织服装业的产业内贸易规模、水平及结构进行了实证研究,结果显示,中国纺织服装产业对外贸易快速增长的同时,整体产业内贸易发展比较缓慢,产业内贸易水平较低;贸易模式主要表现为产业间贸易。部分纺织产品产业内贸易以垂直型为主,其中低质量垂直型占绝对主导地位,产业内贸易的层次有待提升。     

东亚地区产业内贸易的发展状况——G-L指数及发展原因分析

近年来,东亚地区产业内贸易发展十分迅速。本文对东亚10个主要经济体1992-2005年的产业内贸易发展状况进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,产业内贸易已经成为东亚地区的主要贸易形式。在各类产品中,机械和运输设备(SITC7)的产业内贸易程度最高,且提高最快。产业内贸易发展的原因在于东亚地区产业内分工的不断深化以及基于生产环节专业化分工的产品零部件贸易的迅速发展。     

海外对中国内地贸易与直接投资的相互关系

国际贸易和国际直接投资是一国企业进入海外市场的两种主要策略,随着世界经济日益开放和紧密联系,这两种策略之间的联系也日益重要。鉴于美国、日本、香港地区、新加坡在中国内地对外贸易和吸收直接投资中占有很大比重,我们在相关理论陈述的基础上,运用SPSS统计软件,对这四个国家(地区)与中国内地的进出口贸易和直接投资的关系进行了相关分析与回归分析。分析发现,除香港地区外,这些国家对内地贸易与直接投资之间基本上是正向相关的,两者之间互补的情形比替代情形更为普遍,由此我们提出了一些政策建议。     

中日制成品产业内贸易实证分析

采用SITC3分位数据,对1992-2012年间中日制造业产业内贸易发展态势进行实证分析的研究结果表明:中日产业内贸易主要集中在制成品领域内,制造业贸易在两国贸易总额中占主导地位,中日制造业产业内贸易结构已由产业间贸易为主导变为产业间、产业内并存的格局;中日两国的产业内贸易受中日人均GDP差异、要素禀赋差异以及中国企业市场规模等因素的影响,而日本对华直接投资影响不显著。中国应鼓励技术创新与应用,合理调整引资政策,改善投资软环境,以促进贸易模式由以垂直型产业内贸易为主向以水平型产业内贸易为主转变。     

中国吸引外资对东南亚国家吸引外资影响的实证研究

中国吸引外资的浪潮引起了人们普遍的忧虑,中国吸引外资是否会导致流入东南亚国家的外资逐渐减少。本文在假定外资的供应是有弹性的前提下,利用对外投资区位决定因素的模型和固定效应分析方法来检验中国吸引外资与东南亚经济体吸引外资间的关系。结果显示在1986年至2001年间,中国吸引外资的增长实际上提高了邻国经济吸引外资的能力,而不是排挤了邻国外资的流入。     

中国FDI激增对东南亚FDI的影响:基于1986-2001年板面数据的分析

近几年来,针对中国对外直接投资流入量激增这一现象,有些学者认为其挤占了东南亚经济体的投资。本文采用固定因素估计量,运用FDI区位决定因素模型来测算中国FDI与东南亚经济体FDI之间的关系。结果表明,1986-2001年间中国是提高而不是分流了其邻国的FDI。     

美中贸易逆差的根源与实证分析

后金融危机时代,美中贸易逆差成为人们关注的焦点。美中贸易逆差根源在于美国自身的经济结构问题,是国际产业分工深化和美国自身产业结构调整的结果,并非汇率问题,即人民币升值不能解决美中贸易逆差问题。文章通过实证分析得出,(1)美国贸易逆差与美国制造业对外直接投资存在正向的长期均衡关系,两者存在格兰杰因果关系,说明美国货物贸易逆差的扩大与制造业对外直接投资有关。(2)美国对华贸易逆差与美国对华直接投资存在正向的长期均衡关系,两者同时存在格兰杰因果关系,即美中贸易逆差随着美国对华直接投资的增加而不断扩大。     

中国-新加坡贸易竞争性和互补性的实证分析

本文运用贸易结合度指数、显性比较优势指数和贸易特化系数对中新双边贸易的现状和发展趋势、比较优势和贸易互补性进行了研究,从实证分析的角度,证明中国与新加坡在比较优势上存在较明显差异,进而分析了中新贸易互补关系及其产生原因,得出结论。基于产业内分工、相似需求和外国直接投资的产业内互补成为中新两国贸易关系的主要特征。     

浙江10地市的出口贸易为何如此不同——对浙江1997～2006年贸易发展影响因素的实证分析

2007～2008年爆发的美国金融危机对我国对外贸易大省浙江造成了严重影响,然而同为浙江模式的各地市的受影响程度却存在着巨大差别。本文通过针对浙江10个地市1997～2006年贸易发展影响因素的实证分析发现,决定浙江对外贸易发展的因素更多地表现为GDP产值、固定资产投资和工业投资,而较少地表现为对外资的严重依赖。这意味着,应对这次金融危机最好的办法不是提高对外资的依赖度,而更主要地应在于通过增加固定资产投资提高其工业的竞争力。     

The macroeconomics of commercial policy and the trade balance: A policy perspective

Given the continuing growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the United States, there is a growing interest in examining its impact on the rate of economic growth. The immense literature on economic growth in the United States is composed of studies that concentrate on measuring the domestic variables that affect U.S. economic growth. However, the impact of foreign direct investment on the economic growth of the United States has not received the attention that is deserves. The purpose of this study is: (1) to examine the determinants of economic growth in the United States over time, and (2) to see if there is any time-series support for the FDI-led growth hypothesis in the United States. To achieve these goals the study uses a model that is based on the postulates of de Mello. Employing a 40-year period of annual data, the model is estimated by using the Beach Mackinnon technique which corrects for autocorrelation. The estimation results suggest the following conclusions: 1. The major determinants of economic growth in the United States are total factor productivity growth, domestic investment growth, and foreign direct investment growth. 2. Causal relationships between foreign direct investment growth and economic growth is uni-directional, running from foreign direct investment to economic growth. 3. Causal relationships between foreign direct investment growth and total factor productivity growth is uni-directional, running from foreign direct investment to total factor productivity. These findings suggest that foreign direct investment growth has a significant impact on the United States economic growth. Additionally, foreign direct investment has a significant impact on total factor productivity in the United States, further contributing to the United States’ economic growth. This calls on the U.S. policy makers to devise policies that are conducive to increasing the amount of foreign direct investment in this country.     

Intra-industry trade between the united states and the major latin american countries: Measurement and implications for free trade in the Americas

This paper presents estimates for the level of intra-industry trade in the 1991 bilateral commerce between the United States and Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela. As theory predicts, intra-industry trade is positively correlated with income and with foreign investment in this study. Furthermore, Mexico and the United States present high levels of intra-industry trade, whereas the other Latin American countries analyzed have relatively low levels. The paper concludes that Mexico should experience much less difficulty in adjusting to free trade with the United States than the other countries. The low levels of intra-in-dustry trade between the United States and the other Latin American nations signal that increased trade between these areas would bring about significant dislocation of resources and high adjustment costs.     

国际旅游服务业产业内贸易的影响因素

文章使用Crubel-Lloyd IIT指数,运用非线性Logit模型对国际旅游服务业产业内贸易的影响因素进行经验分析.分析结果表明人均收入差异程度、市场集中度、对外直接投资、两国间的直线距离以及旅游资源差异程度与国际旅游服务业产业内贸易程度正相关;贸易不平衡度、市场规模差异程度、市场开放差异程度、跨国公司和其国外子公司之间的贸易流以及交通质量差异程度与国际旅游服务业产业内贸易程度负相关.     

Vertical Intra-Industry Trade and Product Fragmentation in the Auto-Parts Industry

A distinctive feature of present globalization is the development of international production sharing activities, i.e. production fragmentation. The increased importance of fragmentation in world trade has created an interest among trade economists in explaining the determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT) in intermediate goods. In this study, the extent of IIT in Austria’s auto-parts trade is analyzed by decomposing Austria’s auto-parts trade into one-way trade, vertical IIT, and horizontal intra-industry trade IIT. Then, the development of vertical IIT in the auto-parts industry is examined as an indicator for international fragmentation of the production process between Austria and its 29 trading partners, and various country-specific factors suggested by the fragmentation literature are tested using panel econometrics as well as more recent data from 1996 to 2006. The results show that a substantial portion of IIT in the Austrian auto-parts industry is vertical IIT, and the econometric results mainly support the hypothesis drawn from the fragmentation theory. In particular, the findings show that the extent of Austria’s vertical IIT in auto-parts is positively correlated with average market size, differences in per capita GDP, and foreign direct investment, while it is negatively correlated with distance.     

DETERMINANTS OF TRADE: THE CASE OF MEXICO

This article explains the extent of intra-industry trade (IIT) in Mexico's foreign trade, and tests empirically various country-specific hypotheses concerning the determinants of intra-industry trade between Mexico and its major trading partners. The results of the econometric analysis corroborate the predictions of the theoretical models. The results indicate that the extent of Mexican intra-industry trade is positively correlated with the average income levels, average country size, trade intensity, trade orientation, the existence of a common border, the existence of a common language, and the participation in regional integration schemes, while it is negatively correlated with income inequality, inequality in country size, distance, and trade imbalance.     

Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in EP and IS Countries: The Role of Corruption

Corruption is understood as an act in which the power of public office is used for personal gain in a manner that contravenes the rules established by the governing structures of a society. This study attempts to offer an extension to the empirical model employed by Balasubramanyam et al. (1996 ) by analysing how FDI determines economic growth within the new growth theory framework when the degree of corruption is considered. Thus, the study seeks to examine the way in which corruption can have an impact on the economic growth of developing countries whose trade strategies differ (either IS and EP). It suggests that further insight can be gained by considering how corruption might interact with the trade policy in affecting economic growth. This is examined using a fixed‐effects, simultaneous equation model for 17 countries over the period 1994–2004. The results show that the level of corruption strongly and negatively influences foreign direct investment in both IS and EP countries. However, when the corruption index is interacted with domestic investment, the influence on foreign direct investment is positive and significant for IS countries only. The most interesting outcome of the study is the effect of the interaction term between foreign direct investment and the corruption perception index on economic growth, which is found to be greater in magnitude for the EP countries than for the IS countries.