Supplier evaluation in the context of circular economy: A forward step for resilient business and environment concern

Resource depletion is a concern for the global economy; many think that available resources on the planet will not be able to cater to an ever-growing population. Thus, economies are trying to become circular, leaving behind the linear tradition linear approach. In the circular economy (CE), physical resources and energy are made to loop back into the supply chain (SC) for a more extended period. Proper selection of suppliers is an essential criterion towards proper execution of the CE principle in SC. In this research, we have constructed a framework for evaluating the supplier concerning the CE implementation. Further, this research identifies the criterion and sub-criterion, which are pertinent for evaluating the supplier in CE context. Fuzzy-based ‘Criteria Importance Through Inter-Criteria Correlation (CRITIC)’ method is justifiably applied to determine the aggregated weights of the criteria. Finally, ‘Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)’ method is used to determine the suppliers' ranking in the Indian automobile industry. Six criteria and 24 sub-criteria are obtained as per recent literature and then inputs from experts. ‘Environment’ criterion came out as the most favourable criterion with a subjective weight of 0.230. The current research is one of the first such attempts to provide criteria for supplier selection in a CE environment. The developed framework would help organisations in implementing CE-based supplier selection. The identified criteria and sub-criteria would provide organisations with means to evaluate suppliers and help suppliers develop an effective and efficient CE based on the SC.     

谈供应商质量管理的一般方法

随着汽车产量的日益增长,汽车生产企业对零部件质量的要求不断提高。产量大引发的放大效应容易使零件的小问题被放大为售后市场的大问题,给终端客户和主机厂、零件供应商造成负面影响。对于如何对汽车零件的供应商进行质量管理以减少风险的问题,文章给出了供应商分类、零件分类和产品质量先期策划3个策略。     

基于VIKOR法的VMI备件供应商优化选择

本文基于供应链环境下,备件供应商选择的复杂性,在进行备件分类管理的基础上分析了VMI对B类备件的适用性,构建了VMI备件供应商评价指标体系,运用VIKOR算法对备件供应商进行指标体系的评价。应用熵权法确定了相应的评价指标的权重,有效地避免评价过程中对指标赋权的主观性,最后实例证明了该方法在备件供应商选择中的有效性。     

整车制造企业战略性供应商技术创新能力选择研究

为降低企业的生产成本和经营风险,整车制造企业将零配件外包给汽车零配件供应商,战略性供应商技术创新能力的选择则是其关键的环节。首先确定整车制造企业战略性供应商技术创新能力选择的指标,然后用主成份分析法确定指标体系结构、体系中各准则和各指标的权重,从而排列战略性供应商技术创新能力的次序,最后选定技术创新能力最强的战略性供应商。     

An exploration of supplier selection practices across the supply chain

The US auto industry has undergone tremendous changes during the past decade. Companies have increased their level of out-sourcing and are relying more heavily on their supply chain as a source of their competitive advantage. Thus, determining which suppliers to include in the supplier chain has become a key strategic consideration. However, previous studies of supplier selection have not considered a company's position in the supply chain. In this paper, we compare supplier-selection practices based on a survey of companies at different levels in the auto industry. Our findings rebut the common thinking that indirect suppliers who are more involved in commodity purchasing emphasize initial price and de-emphasize relational considerations. We learned that selecting suppliers based on the potential for a cooperative, long-term relationship is just as important to direct and indirect suppliers as it is to the auto assemblers. We also learned that price is one of the least important selection items, regardless of position on the supply chain. Further, contrary to the existing understanding that quality and delivery are separate constructs, they formed a single construct in our study. To summarize the empirical results, no differences among the auto assemblers, direct suppliers, and indirect suppliers were found for the importance placed on consistency (quality and delivery), reliability, relationship, flexibility, price, and service. Statistically significant differences were found between the auto assemblers and indirect suppliers on the importance placed on technological capability and financial issues.     

汽车企业零部件SPS配送模式研究

随着中国汽车企业不断发展壮大,生产车型的增多,正常生产需要的零部件也显著的增加,零部件供应物流成为汽车行业的一大瓶颈。文中总结分析了国内外常见的汽车企业零部件配送模式,并对SPS这样一种在国外汽车企业广泛应用且成效显著零部件配送模式进行了详尽的阐述,尽量为我国汽车企业优化零部件配送模式提供借鉴意义。     

A novel hybrid multi-criteria method for supplier selection among SMEs on the basis of innovation ability

Today, small and large business houses operate collaboratively for the efficiency in the functioning of supply chains. Larger organisations mostly depend on small companies to supply majority of its components and thus they need to be careful while selecting their suppliers. Small organisations performing innovatively and supplying technologically upgraded as well as quality products at a cheaper rate can be a boon for the larger enterprise. This study develops a model for evaluating and selecting small firms as suppliers on the basis of their innovativeness. Best–Worst multi-criteria method is used to rank criteria of innovativeness and also to calculate their weights on the basis of expert opinion. Fuzzy TOPSIS methodology is used to rank the suppliers with respect to these criteria and finally select the best supplier among the available alternatives. A real-world application is illustrated by taking a case of auto component manufacturer and its seven suppliers, 5 main criteria and 23 sub-criteria are taken up for the study.

Abbreviations: AHP: analytical hierarchal process; ANP: analytical network process; DEMATEL: decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory; EMS: environment management system; ELECTRE: ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité (elimination and choice expressing reality); FPIS: fuzzy positive ideal solution; FNIS: fuzzy negative ideal solution; ISM: interpretative structural modelling; PROMTHEE: preference ranking organisation method for enrichment evaluation; SME: small and medium enterprises; TOPSIS: technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution; QFD: quality function deployment; VIKOR: VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje; SP1; SP2; SP3; SP4; SP5; SP6; SP7: Various suppliers used as alternatives     

外包决策中进货质量一次抽检方案参数的一种确定方法

构建产品厂商对上游供应商所供应的零配件进行破坏性质量检验的一次抽检模型。模型从厂商角度出发,考虑检验费用、零配件成本、再加工成本、零售价格以及最终用户索赔,以一次抽样检验方案的参数(样本容量与合格判定数)为决策变量,以厂商期望利润最大化为决策目标。     

ABC法在4S汽车备件库存管理中综合应用

随着国内汽车行业的快速发展,4S行业竞争日趋激烈,其利润逐步由销售转向汽车维修服务领域。所以,适当的备件库存对于快速、及时解决汽车故障,往往起到决定性的作用。然而,过剩的备件库存,又将影响流动资金占用。对4S企业来说,备件库存管理的好坏,将成为决定4S企业生存的关键因素。通过对4S行业及服务备件管理基本理论的研究．提出一种综合运用ABC分类管理的方法,结合计算机技术加以实现,为4S企业在激烈的行业竞争中．快速确定企业的库存方案和订货方案提供技术支持：     

VMI在汽车零部件供应链中的应用

根据供应商管理库存（VMI）的基本原理,本文将VMI应用于汽车零部件供应链中,寻求VMI在汽车零部件供应链中的运作模式,并引入第三方物流协助汽车零部件供应商管理库存.     

汽车制造企业物料入场物流规划与设计

对于汽车制造企业而言,来自于国内外众多供应商的各种物料能否及时、准确地送达生产线和工位,是检验制造企业物料入场物流组织优劣的关键,本文从汽车制造企业物料入场物流的影响因素分析入手,对汽车零部件入场物流提出了从分类、分段到分层设计的理念和思路,为汽车制造企业零部件入场物流有效组织和实施提供了导向支持。     

新形势下汽车4S店财务管理的重点

汽车4S店是一种集销售、售后、零配件及信息反馈为一体的汽车销售模式,是当前各大汽车生产厂家占领市场与促进销售的重要手段。对于汽车4S店而言,财务管理是企业管理中的重要内容,是保证企业发展的重要管理手段。本文通过简单分析加强汽车4S店财务管理的重要性,并对其财务管理的重点进行探讨。     

基于信息融合技术的备件库存控制决策模型研究

备件在保证企业正常生产发挥着巨大作用。本文通过对备件库存决策信息的特征进行分析的基础上,构建了基于多源信息融合技术的备件库存控制决策模型,并对采用何种信息融合方法与策略进行备件库存决策分析做了一定的研究。     

基于数据挖掘的供应商绩效评价系统研究

在数据仓库理论基础上,运用数据挖掘技术和模糊综合评判法,对制造企业的供应商进行绩效评价管理。建立基于粗糙集灰色关联分析的数据挖掘模型,计算零件层供应商绩效,并结合模糊综合评判法获得供应商绩效。该研究为制造企业选择供应商和制定采购计划提供决策依据,对供应链设计具有一定的启发作用。     

Vertical Networks and US Auto Parts Exports: Is Japan Different?

In a model where upstream network insiders conduct relationship-specific investment, downstream firms have an incentive to transact within networks. Evidence from US auto parts exports to 26 auto-producing countries supports key predictions of the model. Greater production scale for assemblers lowers imported parts per car. Vertical networks matter in two ways. First, although Japan's average import levels are not unusually low, non-Japanese suppliers have relatively low market penetration for parts categories where vertical keiretsu are prominent in Japan. Second, US-owned assembly abroad and foreign-owned parts production in the US both stimulate parts exports.     

Internal and external suppliers in manufacturing networks—An empirical analysis

The purpose of the paper is to explore the way manufacturing firms use internal and external suppliers in the design and management of manufacturing networks. The main area of interest is to explore the similarities and differences between internal and external suppliers, with respect to their roles and the reasons for choosing a certain type of supplier. We base our analysis on data from 104 Swedish manufacturing plants and their corresponding manufacturing networks of internal and external suppliers. The results of the study show that there are significant differences between the criteria that are influential in choosing a certain type of supplier. The choice of an internal supplier is largely based on a single corporate decision, while an external supplier has to perform well on a number of criteria (primarily quality, cost, and delivery dependability). When comparing the selection criteria with competitive priorities and plant performance, we find that the criteria for selecting external suppliers has a better match than those for selecting internal suppliers. The sample contained plants having only external suppliers as well as plants having both internal and external suppliers, but the selection criteria for external suppliers are the same for both groups and not dependent upon the presence or absence of internal suppliers.     

考虑财务影响因素的关键零部件供应商评价研究

在激烈的市场竞争条件下,企业选择供应商再也不是简单的对比价格和质量。慎重选择关键零部件的供应商可以使企业保持持续的竞争优势,与供应商一起在市场中共赢。企业如果对供应商有财务影响,可以促进双方信息互通、共担风险。因此建立的指标体系突出了财务影响因素,然后用层次分析法结合群组决策特征根法来建立选择模型,选择出的供应商可以与企业建立战略联盟、共同发展。     

主机厂零部件属性及其物料供应模式分类

考虑到国内主机厂物流系统的普遍现状,通过分析零部件的不同属性,设计和制定符合不同的零件特点的物料供应模式,在零部件供应商和主机厂之间建立适合现状并符合企业发展的物料供应体系。提出了适合国内主机厂采用的六种不同物料供应模式的定义和适合零件的特点。     

基于供应链管理的我国汽车零部件产业发展对策

从供应链管理思想的角度对汽车零部件产业进行了分析，指出我国整车与零部件产业以及零部件产业内部之间存在的主要问题是主要整车厂商实行高度的纵向一体化，供应商早期参与不足、行业集中度不高、行业中自成体系现象严重。并提出供应商的早期参与策略和产业集群策略。     

四川省汽车制造企业供应物流体系分析

基于四川省汽车制造与汽车零部件发展概况,对四川汽车零部件供应物流特征进行分析,描述了汽车供应物流的运作流程。以四川一汽丰田为例,介绍了目前四川汽车制造业CKD零部件和国产零部件的物流组织,指出目前依托我国长江水运的新人川物流通道逐渐形成。随着四川省配套零部件产业的发展,未来四川汽车制造将基本实现本土化、准时化供应。