中小企业融资问题的探讨

在我国经济快速增长和体制改革的大背景下,中小企业的活力被彻底释放,在时代红利的推动下,中小企业快速成长并成为国家经济的重要组成部分,其在就业、税收、民生等领域的作用不言而喻,已成为我国经济活力的"保鲜剂".然而中小企业的快速发展面临诸多困境,其中"融资难"的问题已经成为制约其发展的重要因素.如何抓住机遇发挥其优势以缓解融资问题是本文探讨的重点.     

对白银市中小企业贷款难问题的专题调查

国内外区域经济发展实践证明,中小企业的较快发展,对调整经济结构,解决就业问题,增加财政收入,实现区域经济的持续稳定增长具有十分重要的意义.对长期以来以国有大中型工业企业为主导的白银市来讲,大力发展中小企业尤为重要,中小企业在全市经济中的地位正日益突出,已成为化解工矿基地型城市资源开发后期经济社会矛盾的一剂"完药".但在实践中,融资难尤其是贷款难已成为制约全市中小企业发展的首要因素,需要我们认真加以研究和解决.     

加大对中小企业信贷支持的策略

中小企业是国民经济的重要组成部分,是县域经济的主体,它在某种程度上关系着县域经济的生存和发展.可是,中小企业在发展的过程中,遇到了不少困难,最突出的是资金紧缺,资金短缺已成为制约中小企业发展的"瓶颈".如何解决中小企业贷款难,拓展中小企业信贷空间,本文就加大对中小企业信贷支持的策略,谈点想法.     

县域中小企业融资困难的原因与对策分析

近年来,随着中小企业的快速成长,中小企业已成为县域经济发展中的重要支撑力量.但是,融资难一直是中小企业快速发展的梗阻因素.     

关于中小企业和民营企业融资难问题的探讨

中小企业和民营企业的迅速发展,已成为经济增长的重要推动力,但是中小企业和民营企业的融资问题日渐突出,成为制约其生存与发展的瓶颈.进一步改善中小企业和民营企业的融资环境,建立中小企业和民营企业信贷支持体系,创造良好的发展机遇,促进中小企业和民营企业的健康发展是当前银行的一项重要工作.     

国有商业银行发展中小企业信贷业务的思考

当前,中小企业已成为推动我国国民经济发展的一支重要力量,但是由于缺乏其他融资渠道、自身风险较高和受银行"重大轻小"传统观念的影响,融资难问题已成为困扰中小企业加快发展的制约瓶颈,本文分析了中小企业融资难的原因,提出了国有商业银行支持中小企业发展的对策.     

国有商业银行如何帮助中小企业解决融资难题

我国中小企业发展现状 改革开放以来,我国中小企业的发展取得了令人瞩目的成绩.截至2001年7月底,我国中小企业已经超过800万家,占全国企业总数的99%;在20世纪90年代以来的经济快速增长中,工业新增产值的76%以上是由中小企业创造的;我国中小企业总产值和实现利税分别已占全国的60%和40%;中小企业还提供了大约75%的城镇就业机会,吸纳就业和再就业的"蓄水池"作用非常明显,中小企业已成为拉动国民经济的新增长点和经济市场化改革的主要动力.浙江省在改革开放20年来,在没有更多优惠政策条件下,在资源相对匮乏的环境中,发展成为"经济大省",主要得益于民营经济的发展,得益于中小企业的贡献.     

新疆中小企业有效信贷需求的分析研究

随着金融全球化的推进,我国商业银行竞争环境变得日益复杂和多变,银行同业竞争焦点已由负债市场转向资产市场,积极拓展有效信贷市场成为提高银行经营效益的重要途径。伴随着国企改革的不断深入和竞争机制的日臻完善,新疆中小企业迅速,已成为我区国民经济中最具活力的新的经济增长点,但是资金不足制约着它的发展壮大,需要加大中小企业有效信贷投入,避免信贷紧缩的不利影响,促进区域经济平稳健康发展。     

我国中小企业财务管理存在的问题及对策

随着我国经济改革的不断深入,我国中小企业已迅速发展成为国家经济的重要组成部分,而中小企业的发展还存在不少问题和困难.文章从多个方面论述了中小企业的现状、存在问题、原因及财务管理对策.     

中小企业融资难问题研究及对策

随着我国经济的持续增长,中小企业在国民经济中的地位也日益突出,主要表现为促进我国经济增长、提供服务、解决就业等方面发挥了积极作用,已成为国民经济和社会发展中不可或缺的组成部分.但目前在中小企业发展中的筹资难问题已严重阻碍了其健康发展,其融资状况已成为社会关注的热点.虽然近几年在中央银行货币信贷政策引导、商业银行信贷政策改进、政府政策扶持及社会信用中介的发展下,中小企业融资"瓶颈"有了一定的松动,但中小企业融资面临的融资难问题并没根本的改变,中小企业融资难还经常是社会经济中谈论的话题.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…