对完善我国经济适用房制度的探讨

经济适用房制度是住房保障制度的重要组成部分。建立经济适用房制度是我国政府解决中低收入居民住房问题的一项重要举措。本文重点探讨了我国经济适用房制度实施过程中存在的主要问题及完善经济适用房制度的措施。     

新时期我国住房保障制度的改革探索

近年来在房价日益高涨的背景下,保障房逐渐成为一个高频词汇。作为一项重要的民生工程,在解决住房问题上被人们寄予厚望。本文就旨在以主要发达国家住房保障经验为参考,来分析我国现行住房保障制度存在的问题,在汲取发达国家住房保障经验的基础上,提出重点发展廉租房、弱化发展经济适用房、取消限价房、建立完善的住房租赁制度、解决住房"夹心层"问题、多渠道筹集建设资金和加快住房法制化建设等相应的解决和完善办法。     

对完善我国经济适用房制度的探讨

经济适用房制度是住房保障制度的重要组成部分.建立经济适用房制度是我国政府解决中低收入居民住房问题的一项重要举措.本文重点探讨了我国经济适用房制度实施过程中存在的主要问题及完善经济适用房制度的措施.     

经济适用房存在的问题及相应对策分析

住房一直是人们关注的热点,基于帮助低收入群体解决住房问题,国家推出了经济适用房政策.由于政策本身的不完善,经济适用房政策在取得成效的同时逐渐背离最初目的,忽略了低收入群体,易滋生寻租腐败.由政府制定低收入标准,设计兴建并最终分配经济适用房,可切实帮助低收入家庭解决住房问题,减少寻租腐败.     

我国经济适用房政策失败探析

目前我国经济适用房政策失败,廉租住房政策效果不佳,如何改善住房社会保障政策水平,充分发挥其社会保障的作用已迫在眉睫.对我国经济适用房政策失败进行分析,在理论上可以为未来的经济适用房政策高效运行提供方法论指导,为廉租住房政策执行提供借鉴,在实践上不仅有助于解决中等收入家庭的住房问题,还有助于实现十七大提出的健全廉租住房制度,加快解决城市低收入家庭住房困难的目标,促进和谐社会的构建.     

透析新加坡中央公积金制度下的住房保障

新加坡,国家占地面积有限,起初的国民住房问题也一度困扰着这个国家。然而,住房是每个公民的基本生活保障之一,解决不了这个大问题,社会就会有很多的不稳定因素。新加坡根据自身实际情况,充分的发挥了政府职能,实行了中央公积金制度下的住房保障模式。历经时间的考验,新加坡仅仅用了三十年的时间便解决了住房问题。新加坡的组屋类似于我国的经济适用房,其的成功经验值得借鉴和思考。     

“夹心层”住房保障机制的研究

随着中国住房保障制度的不断深化和完善,廉租房和经济适用房等低收入家庭住房保障体系基本已经建立,但是游离于保障政策之外的所谓＂夹心层＂住房问题变得尤为突出。着重介绍了中国＂夹心层＂的现状及形成原因,对＂夹心层＂的住房问题进行探讨和分析,并提出适合＂夹心层＂的特有的住房保障机制。     

对现行经济适用房政策的反思

经济适用房政策是我国现阶段用来解决中低收入群体住房问题的主要政策。对经济适用房政策四年多来的政策实施效果从六个方面进行了反思和分析,并对解决中低收入群体的住房问题提出了一些建议。     

经济适用房存在问题及对策分析与研究

住有所居是我国构建和谐社会的重要环节,自1998年国家提出建设经济适用房以来,其为解决中低收入家庭住房问题立下了汗马功劳.但是,随着住房改革的深化,经济适用房政策在实施中也显现出不少问题.文章指出经济适用房推行以来存在的问题,并提出相应的改善意见.     

成都市低收入群体住房保障政策实施中的现状与问题研究

房价的上涨,是我们共同能感受到的社会现象,从2005年开始房价急剧地上涨,让住房问题成了社会的关注话题.房价居高不下,使得城市中低收入群体的住房问题日益凸显.住房问题关乎广大人民群众的切身利益,从中央政府到地方各级政府都越来越重视实施低收入群体的住房保障工作,普遍采取经济适用房、廉租房、棚户区改造房和公共租赁房等方式对低收入群体进行住房保障.本文会对成都市的低收入群体住房保障现状进行分析,并且从中总结出成都市低收入群体住房保障在实施过程中所存在的问题和困难.     

论住房的刚性需求

住房刚性需求是需求收入弹性较大而价格弹性较小的具有一定购买力的消费性需求。在刚性需求内部具有不同级别的"刚性",刚性渐减的顺序是货币化的拆迁性需求、婚房需求、改善型需求。对于不同性质的城市,其住房刚性需求是不同的,政治性城市住房刚性需求比较大,开放性城市刚性需求变化较大;在现阶段,由于房价财富幻觉导致了刚性需求加速效应和叠加效应。制度变迁、房价和收入都是影响住房刚性需求的重要因素。     

Interest Rates,Local Housing Markets and House Price Over‐reactions

Understanding the effects of interest rates on city‐specific house price to household income ratios is important for managing local housing markets. In particular, there is concern that keeping interest rates at sufficiently low levels can distort the relationship between local house prices and fundamentals. We use house price to income ratios across capital cities in Australia to investigate this issue and show that there is a national interest rate ‘transition’ point below which housing dynamics can become unstable. This result lends support to the presence of a duration‐dependent threshold effect (hitherto mainly explored in theoretical models).     

收入差距、家庭可支配收入与商品房价格：基于广州市的实证研究

论文使用1998—2009年广州市商品房价格和城镇居民不同收入家庭可支配收入来分析房价与收入差距和家庭可支配收入之间的关系。实证检验发现,收入差距扩大为房价上涨的Granger原因,但是房价并不是收入差距的Granger原因。房价对低、中低收入户的家庭可支配收入有较大影响,而中、中高收入户的家庭可支配收入是房价上涨的主要推动力量,高收入家庭既促进了房价上涨同时也从中受益最大。政策制定应该依据房价与不同收入户的家庭可支配收入之间的关系而具体实施,不能一概而论。     

Relationships among regional housing markets: Evidence on adjustments of housing burden

High regional house prices relative to income may result in residents moving to other regions with lower housing burden; this generates relationships among regional housing markets. From this perspective, this study employed Markov-switching models to examine housing affordability in 10 regional housing markets in the UK. The results show that levels of housing burden among regions are related, thereby proving that a high cost of housing burden in one region may result in residents buying houses in other regions. Moreover, this study found that house prices in most regions tend to converge with income levels but are asymmetric within the period of convergence. Specifically, because the period of high housing loans lasts longer, and vice versa, housing demand increases as soon as house prices drop. Thus, periods of “inexpensive” house prices do not last long. This paper explains why living costs in different regions are related, and proposes that housing demands may have asymmetric reactions when house prices are too high or too low.     

房价、房价偏离与溢出效应：来自珠江三角洲的经验证据

利用国外较新的PMG估计法,探讨影响珠江三角洲商品房均衡价值的因素及房价偏离,并采用脉冲响应函数分析房价偏离在不同城市间的溢出效应。随着收入和人口的增加,房价加速上涨;经济越发达的城市,房价收入比越大,房价的增长速度更快、波动更为剧烈。人均可支配收入是推动房价上涨最重要的长期因素,通货膨胀次之,贷款最小;但贷款、通货膨胀是主要的短期推动力。虽然珠江三角洲地区房价总体上没有明显的泡沫,但波动很剧烈,一旦发生调整,其幅度将很大。除江门外,其他城市只对深圳房价偏离的冲击做出响应,而深圳对其他城市房价偏离的冲击没有响应;江门房价更多的受到来自中山和珠海的影响,深圳是珠江三角洲房价波动的源头。     

Modelling the demand for housing over the life cycle

We model individual demand for housing over the life cycle, and show the aggregate implications of this behaviour. Individuals delay purchasing their first home when incomes are low or uncertain. Higher house prices lead households to downsize, rather than to stop being owners. Fixed costs (property transactions taxes) have important impacts on welfare (a wealth effect) and house purchase decisions (substitution effect). In aggregate, positive house price shocks lead to consumption booms among the old but falls in consumption for the young, and reduced housing demand; positive income shocks lead to consumption booms among the young and increased housing demand.     

The long run relationship between private consumption and wealth: common and idiosyncratic effects

We investigate the long run relationship between private consumption, disposable income and wealth approximated by equity and house price indices for a panel of 15 industrialized countries. Consumption, income and wealth are cointegrated in their common components. The impact of house prices exceeds the effect arising from equity wealth. The long run vector is broadly in line with the life cycle permanent income hypothesis, if house prices are allowed to enter the relationship. At the idiosyncratic level, a long run equilibrium is detected between consumption and income, i.e. the wealth variable can be excluded. The income elasticity in the idiosyncratic relationship is significantly less than unity. Hence, the presence of wealth effects in consumption equations arises from the international integration of asset markets and points to the relevance of risk sharing activities of agents. Without sufficient opportunities, an increase in national saving rates would be expected, leading to a lower path of private consumption expenditures.     

房产税改革再思考

上海市和重庆市房产税改革试点反映了地方政府取得公共收入的诉求。但是,试点方案中房产税的性质未尽明确,税制设计与实现完善税制、稳定房价、调节收入分配以及引导住房消费等政策目标存在一定程度的偏离。此外,对个人住房征收房产税与现行房产税的法律依据并不一致,易于引起纳税人对房产税法律规范性的质疑,导致税收不遵从行为的发生。对于我国而言,房产税改革应当在规范和整合房地产租、税、费体系和逐步完善税收征管环境的基础上按照税收公共化的要求稳步推进,避免改革引起的社会成本抵消相对有限的税收收入所带来的财政损失。     

Housing price and entrepreneurship in China

Housing price has increased dramatically in China during the past decade. The appreciation of house value could relax credit constraint and thus encourage entrepreneurship. However, a house serves as both an important investment channel and a prerequisite for marriage in China. The continuous high return of investment in housing and intensified marriage market competition make house purchase a priority for young people and their parents, which would crowd out entrepreneurial activities. Using two large datasets, we find that high housing price in general discourages entrepreneurial activities for urban adults. For house owners, while house value appreciation has a positive wealth effect, the ratio of mortgage over income has a negative effect. For non-owners, a higher ratio of housing price over income corresponds to a lower probability of entrepreneurship. This study highlights the negative consequences of surging housing price on entrepreneurship in developing countries.