海岛地区一、二、三产业融合水平研究*——以海南岛北部4市（县）为例

［目的］一、二、三产业融合发展是农业现代化进程中自发演化的重要形式，是破解我国小农户需求与大市场需求矛盾的重要武器，探究海南岛一、二、三产业融合发展的状况，对于推进海南岛农业和农村经济结构调整，农业产业化经营具有一定的借鉴意义。［方法］文章构建了三产融合度测度模型，运用1998—2017年海南岛北部4市的数据测度了海南岛一、二、三产业融合发展的具体水平。［结果］海南岛北部4市的一、二、三产业融合处于高度融合阶段，呈现了良好发展的态势，但是各子系统间协调性较差。从地区差异来看，海口三产融和水平和增长速度均处于领先地位，文昌和澄迈的三产融合水平和增长速度基本同步，在波动中稳步增长，定安的三产融合水平和增长速度处于最低状态。从融合路径来看，二、三产业融合的程度略深于一、二产业的融合程度，一、二产业融合的程度略深于一、三产业的融合程度。［结论］海南岛北部4市的产业融合发展仍有很大的进步空间，在今后的发展中，需要注重融合机制体制的顶层设计，破除多部门协作的制度壁垒，在尊重地区差异的基础上，追求“多规合一”，促进各区域间的协调发展，力争补足农业产业化发展的短板。     

农村一、二、三产业融合评价体系的构建与评价*——以北京市为例

［目的］在探讨农村一、二、三产业融合内涵的基础上，构建一套包括产出高效化、业态多样化、服务社会化、生态绿色化、城乡一体化5个方面15项具体指标的农村一、二、三产业融合水平评价指标体系，揭示北京农村一、二、三产业融合发展的区域分异特征。［方法］利用熵值法确定各指标权重，作为典型的客观赋权法，熵值法依据各项指标观测值所提供的信息的大小来确定指标权重，可有效反映农村产业融合发展之间的变化规律，实现客观、真实地评价农村产业融合发展水平。［结果］北京市农村一、二、三产业融合发展较好，但一级指标间发展水平差异较大； 北京市农村一、二、三产业融合发展呈明显的梯度差异，以昌平—顺义—通州一线为轴，向南北两侧逐渐降低，北部整体好于南部的分布特征； 各区县内部不同指标间呈现差异化发展的现象。［结论］提出了推动北京市农村一、二、三产业融合发展的政策建议：（1）高水平阶段区县可供利用的农业资源种类、数量、质量等分布均衡且充沛，农业生产经营和农村经济社会发展也处于较高发展阶段，此类区域应吸引社会资本进入农村、进入农业，引领北京市农村一、二、三产业融合发展； （2）较高水平阶段区县区位优势明显，农业农村支持支撑条件较好，应充分发挥自身优势，形成独具特色的优势产业和区域品牌； （3）较低水平阶段区县农村新产业、新业态以及社会化服务体系等发展一般，农村一、二、三产业融合发展相对缓慢，该地区应在保持各自优势方面的前提下，加大薄弱环节投入； （4）低水平阶段区县属于传统的经济发展滞后区域，农业自然条件相对较差，社会发展程度较低，市场化程度较低，农村一、二、三产业融合发展需要外部资源支持。     

现代农业产业园发展现状、问题及对策建议

[目的]现代农业产业园作为农业现代化的标杆和乡村全面振兴的先行，担当着全国农业发展经验总结、探索模式、理论升华的重任，分析国家及各省市县级产业园发展现状、存在问题及对策建议，对壮大农业特色产业和促进农民增收具有重要借鉴意义。[方法]文章利用理论分析和统计分析方法，分析产业园定义内涵和内在要求，利用2017—2021年创建的国家现代农业产业园统计数据，以“国家级—省级—市县级”为基本框架，对各层面产业园创建和认定数量、主导产业发展、科技力量支撑和利益联结机制等进行全面的综合评价，分析存在问题及提出对策建议。[结果]（1）截止2021年底，共批准创建200个国家产业园，其中创建数量超过10个的有江苏省、山东省、广东省和四川省4个省份；（2）主导产业选择涉及粮油、果蔬、茶叶、水产、畜禽、种业和中药材等七大类。（3）但产业园建设仍存在管理服务功夫不到规章制度削足适履、政策创新不够完善、科技支撑不够有力、利益联结不够紧密等问题。[结论]提出应明确各层级产业园定位和目标，建立健全规章制度，加大政策支持，强化科技支撑，加强新型经营主体利益联结等对策建议，以期为现代农业产业园的建设和一、二、三产业融合...     

乡村振兴战略下农村产业融合、人力资本与农民增收*——以浙江省为例

［目的］乡村振兴战略是贯彻新发展理念，建设现代化经济强国的重大战略之一。农村产业兴旺，农民生活富裕是乡村振兴战略的重要目标。农村一、二、三产业融合发展是实现乡村产业振兴，农民增收的重要途径。农村人力资本状况关系到农村产业融合的人才建设，关系到农民增收的实现。文章力图探究乡村振兴战略下农村产业融合、人力资本与农民增收间的相互作用关系，以期为乡村振兴战略的实现提供政策建议。［方法］以浙江省为例进行实证分析，通过建立PVAR模型，采用格兰杰因果关系及面板数据模型进行检验。［结果］农村产业融合及人力资本构成农民增收的格兰杰因果关系，两者都对农民增收产生显著影响，且人力资本影响效应更大。农民增收及人力资本对农村产业融合没有起到相应的促进作用。［结论］在实证分析的基础上，从加大人力资本投入、培育农村产业融合复合型人才及加强宣传引导工作等方面提出相应的政策建议促进农村产业融合。     

东营市农村产业融合发展问题探讨

分析东营市农村一、二、三产业融合发展现状,根据东营市农村产业融合发展中存在的主要问题,探讨影响农村产业融合发展的主要因素,进而提出推进东营市农村一、二、三产业融合发展的主要对策。     

农村产业融合发展的理性分析与上海实践的思考

正2015年中央一号文件首次提出"推进农村一、二、三产业融合发展"。今年1月出台的《关于推进农村一、二、三产业融合发展的指导意见》(国办发2015年93号),是国务院办公厅为贯彻落实中央一号文件精神下发的,也是为数不多的、较为具体的、部门分工明确的一份实施意见。该意见指出,推进农村一、二、三产业融合发展,是拓宽农民增收渠道、构建现代农业产业体系的重要举措,是加快转变农业发展方式、探索中国特色农业现代化道路的必然要     

现代农业产业园科技支撑体系建设现状、存在问题及对策

[目的]科技支撑是生产体系现代化的重要内容。而现代农业产业园作为农业先进生产力的代表，按照“生产+加工+科技”一体化发展要求，有效推动现代农业产业园发展，完善科技支撑体系建设是亟需解决的问题。[方法]文章以批准创建的200家国家现代农业产业园为研究对象，分析产业园科技支撑体系建设现状、存在问题及对策。[结果]截至2021年底，200个国家现代农业产业园组建主导产业专家团队约2 000多个、平均每个产业园约10个；农作物耕种收的综合机械化率平均值达到80%以上；50多个建立了大数据中心，实现生产技术服务全过程数字化管理。但科技支撑体系建设仍存在农业科技研发投入不足、农业科技资源集聚不足、农业科技体制机制不完善、农业科技人才缺乏等问题。[结论]提出应强化农业科技研发和投入、建设农业科技创新联盟、强化农业科技创新和科技成果转化服务、构建全产业链经营模式、加大引进农业科技人才等五个方面对策建议，以期为完善现代农业产业园科技支撑体系建设提供帮助。     

秦巴山区一、二、三产业融合发展问题探讨

2015年中央"一号文件"首次提出把产业链、价值链等现代产业组织方式引入农业,促进一、二、三产业融合互动。在绿色循环发展的导向下,重点就四川秦巴山区农林畜药业与二、三产业之间的联动策略、复合产业结构优化方法、产业空间布局方案以及保障机制等方面展开研究。针对秦巴山区一、二、三产业融合发展存在的问题,提出产业融合发展的思路和对策,最终有助于新型城镇化下秦巴山区实现传统农业向现代生态农业的顺利转型,保障国家生态安全格局和社会民生、体现绿色低碳理念。     

“三产融合”助推农业现代化

正适应新常态、推进现代农业发展,最紧迫的任务就是要大力推进农业发展方式转变和结构调整。把产业链、价值链等现代产业组织方式引入农业,促进一、二、三产业融合互动,是农业转方式、调结构的重要内容,也是现代农业建设迈上新台阶的重要推动力。一、"三产融合"成为调结构、转方式的重要方向农业调结构、转方式需要拓宽视野,利用好国内国际两个市场两种资源,更要从现有三次产业布局出发,充分利用江苏新型城镇化和工业化的比较优     

农业部财政部部署推进国家现代农业产业园创建工作

<正>本刊讯6月21-22日,农业部、财政部在四川眉山举办国家现代农业产业园创建方案编制完善培训班,深入贯彻落实党中央国务院推进现代农业产业园的决策要求,交流做法经验,部署国家现代农业产业园创建方案编制完善工作。国家现代农业产业园建设工作领导小组副组长、农业部副部长余欣荣出席培训班并讲话。两部门强调,现代农业产业园是推进农业供给侧结构性改革和农业现代化的重要     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.