止咳祛痰灵颗粒剂的制备工艺研究

目的探讨止咳祛痰灵颗粒剂的制备工艺。方法以选用颗粒载药量为指标,对止咳祛痰灵颗粒剂的制备工艺进行优选。结果将药材提取2次,分别为30min及20min,加8倍量水;浓缩浸膏至45%水分,加15.0ml 95%乙醇制粒为最佳工艺条件。结论本实验筛选出了止咳祛痰灵的最佳制备工艺,符合《中国药典》要求。     

甘露退热颗粒制备工艺及质量标准

目的 探讨甘露退热颗粒的制备工艺、质量标准,以有效控制甘露退热颗粒的质量,使甘露退热颗粒达到新制剂报备水平。方法 以甘露退热颗粒的浸膏得率、钙离子提取量、后下药粉碎度等为考察指标,不同的煎煮时间、加水量、煎煮次数等条件,用正交法试验进行统计评价,分别研究先煎药、后下药、共煎药的最佳提取工艺;并用薄层色谱作为鉴别方法。结果 甘露退热颗粒的最佳提取工艺为先煎药加14倍水提取2次每次1 h后与共煎药定量至12倍水,提取2次,每次90 min。后下药粉碎后过10目筛加8倍水煮6 h提取挥发油。黄芩、土茯苓进行薄层色谱法鉴别是切实可行的。结论本文设计的甘露退热颗粒的制备工艺及质量标准准确可靠,可用于建立甘露退热颗粒的质量标准。     

护心颗粒提取工艺的研究

目的 研究护心颗粒制备的水提工艺条件.方法 以黄芪甲苷含量为考察指标,用正交实验法L9(34)正交表来安排试验,确定提取工艺.结果 各因素对提取工艺的影响大小为:煎煮次数>加水量>煎煮时间.结论 最佳提取方案为加6倍量,水煎煮2次,每次1.5小时.     

颗粒法制备TiO2溶胶的试验研究

本文采用颗粒法制备TiO2溶胶,试验以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,研究了不同条件下TiO2溶胶的制备过程,得出了最佳工艺条件,并对溶胶机理进行了解释。     

两煎常压煎药机制备去瘀生新汤质量稳定性研究

目的探讨两煎常压煎药机在不同煎药条件下对制备祛瘀生新汤质量稳定性的影响,以确定最佳制备工艺。方法采用L9(34)正交试验法,以祛瘀生新汤中主要有效成分丹酚酸B为考察指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定有效成分的含量,对汤剂煎煮过程中的不同煎煮时间进行比较分析。结果影响祛瘀生新汤质量稳定性的大小为A>B>C>,可以看出C因素F值小于10,影响不显著,B因素F值在19～99之间,为显著影响,A因素非常显著影响,F值大于99。祛瘀生新汤的最佳煎煮工艺为A2B1C3。即煎煮前加水500mL浸泡30min后进行煎煮,一煎煮沸30min,二煎煮沸15min制备的祛瘀生新汤工艺合理,可有效提取药物有效成分。结论采用药材煎煮前加水500mL浸泡30min后进行煎煮,一煎煮沸30min,二煎煮沸15min制备的去瘀生新汤工艺合理,可有效提取药物有效成分。     

脱镁硼泥和废玻璃制备泡沫玻璃的工艺研究

研究了用脱镁硼泥和废玻璃制备泡沫玻璃的工艺条件.试验发现,在烧结温度为600℃烧结时间为30min,发泡温度为790℃,发泡时间为10min,发泡剂含量为10Wt%时,可以制备出性能优异的泡沫玻璃.     

超声法提取山楂果实中总黄酮的工艺研究

目的建立超声法提取山楂果实总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法以总黄酮收率为指标,正交设计法优化山楂总黄酮的提取工艺。结果最佳超声提取工艺:乙醇浓度为70%,料液比为1:20,超声提取时间为40min,提取率3.85%。结论该方法可用于山楂总黄酮的提取,提取方法简单易行、提取时间短、效率高。     

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾薄膜衣片的制备工艺研究

目的本研究主要对阿莫西林克拉维酸钾的薄膜衣片进行了制备工艺的研究。方法通过对制剂处方的筛选和考察生产工艺的条件,确定最佳阿莫西林克拉维酸钾的薄膜衣片制备工艺。结果与结论本制剂工艺的实验可行,工艺稳定可靠,所制备的薄膜衣片符合相关要求。     

利巴韦林泡腾颗粒剂的制备工艺改进

目的改进利巴韦林泡腾颗粒剂的生产工艺,优化泡腾颗粒剂的辅料及其配比。方法采用正交设计法,以PH值、粒度及融化时间作为评价指标,探讨柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠比例、甜蜜素和聚乙二醇6000用量对利巴韦林泡腾颗粒剂质量影响。结果利巴韦林泡腾颗粒剂最佳制备工艺:比例为1:1柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠,8%聚乙二醇6000和0.8%甜蜜素。结论采取最佳的制备工艺,可得最佳的利巴韦林泡腾颗粒剂。     

正交试验法优选银杏叶提取条件

目的采用正交试验法优选银杏叶破碎提取的最佳条件。方法考察溶剂用量、乙醇浓度和提取时间3个因素,每个因素选取3个水平进行实验。结果与结论最佳工艺为A3B3C3,即用10倍量70%乙醇破碎提取2次,时间为3min,优选得到的工艺稳定可行。     

丹红注射液联合稳心颗粒治疗老年心律失常疗效观察

目的观察丹红注射液联合稳心颗粒治疗老年心律失常的有效性和安全性。方法将68例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各34例,治疗组用丹红注射液20ml加入5%葡萄糖注射液250ml静脉滴注,同时加服稳心颗粒。对照组服胺碘酮,按病情调整剂量4周为一个疗程。观察治疗后24h动态心电图、临床症状改善和不良反应发生情况。结果心律失常总有效率治疗组为88.2%,对照组为79.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05):临床症状改善总有效率治疗组为91.1%,对照组为73.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不良反应治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丹红注射液联合稳心颗粒治疗老年心律失常疗效显著,安全性好。     

连花清瘟颗粒联合磷酸奥司他韦胶囊治疗流行性感冒患者的临床效果

目的探讨连花清瘟颗粒联合磷酸奥司他韦胶囊治疗流行性感冒患者的临床效果。方法选取2019年12月至2020年2月沈阳市第五人民医院收治的147例流行性感冒患者作为研究对象,将患者按照治疗方案不同分为观察组(77例)和对照组(70例)。两组患者给予磷酸奥司他韦胶囊口服治疗,在此基础上给予观察组患者采用连花清瘟颗粒治疗,两组治疗5 d。比较两组患者治疗前后炎症介质与免疫因子水平,两组患者退热时间,咳嗽、咽痛和肌肉酸痛消失时间,记录不良反应发生情况。结果治疗前两组患者C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、CD4+/CD8+水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者CRP、IL-6明显降低,CD4+/CD8+升高,观察组各项指标改善优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者退热时间,咳嗽、咽痛和肌肉酸痛消失时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组患者治疗过程中出现1例腹泻、1例恶心呕吐、1例神经系统症状,不良反应发生率分别为3.9%(3/77)、4.3%(3/70),两组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论使用连花清瘟颗粒联合磷酸奥司他韦胶囊治疗流行性感冒,可有效改善患者炎症介质、免疫因子水平,患者能在更短时间内退热,快速消除咳嗽、咽痛和肌肉酸痛等不适症状,安全性高,是临床治疗流行性感冒的合理方案。     

Subcutaneous vs intravenous rituximab in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a time and motion study in the United Kingdom

Objective:

Rituximab is part of standard therapy for many non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients, and is usually administered as an intravenous (IV) infusion. A formulation for subcutaneous (SC) injection will be available from June 2014. A time and motion study was conducted to investigate the staff time and costs associated with administration of SC and IV rituximab.

Research design and methods:

The time and motion study was conducted in three UK centers alongside a phase III trial of SC rituximab in patients with NHL (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01461928). Active healthcare professional (HCP) time spent on the preparation and administration of IV and SC rituximab was recorded and used to calculate the associated costs.

Results:

Total active HCP time associated with administration of IV rituximab was 223.3?min (95% CI?=?218.0–228.7), vs 48.5?min (95% CI?=?45.5–51.6) for SC rituximab, a saving of 174.8?min (95% CI?=?172.5–177.1) per session. Patient time in the treatment room was 263.8?min (95% CI?=?236.6–294.3) for IV rituximab and 70.0?min (95% CI?=?57.1–87.2) for SC rituximab, per session. The SC formulation reduced total mean staff costs by £115.17 (95% CI?=?98.95–136.93) per session. Differing monitoring scenarios during infusion consistently showed time and cost savings for SC rituximab.

Limitations:

Study limitations include the non-interventional design and lack of statistical power, and the investigational nature of SC rituximab. The data collected did not account for patient and center characteristics and variability on active HCP time.

Conclusions:

SC rituximab was associated with reduced active HCP time and costs vs IV rituximab, as well as reduced patient time in the treatment room. Switching from IV to SC rituximab could increase treatment room capacity and patient throughput, as well as improving the patient experience.     

新型降糖中空俄色总黄酮生物黏附缓释肛门栓的制备研究

目的探讨新型降糖中空俄色总黄酮(ESF)原位凝胶栓剂的制备工艺并建立其质量控制方法。方法采用单因素考察栓剂基质、注模温度以及ESF原位凝胶最佳注入量;对优选后制备工艺所制栓剂的pH、硬度、重量差异、融变时限及ESF的含量及体外释放度进行考察以建立其质量控制方法。结果所制栓剂的pH为6.95,粒度、重量差异、融变时限均符合药典规定;在建立了可行的质量评价方法后,测得ESF的平均含量为80.86 mg/ml,释药时间在12 h以上。结论优选出的制备工艺合理、可行,所制制剂符合栓剂的质量要求。     

金融发展与技术创新的良性互动:理论与实证

金融发展通过风险管理、信息收集处理和传递、激励监督和约束、动员储蓄和信用创造、便利交易和推动专业化等五项功能的完善促进技术创新;技术创新通过扩大市场需求、增加盈利空间、降低交易成本、优化信息传递、改善制度环境等方式推动金融发展,两者呈现出良性互动关系。根据金融发展和技术创新的关系原理和指标体系构建联立方程模型,运用我国1992～2010年的年度数据进行实证检验,发现金融深化与技术创新的两项指标、金融效率与专利授权数、金融结构和研发投入之间具有显著良性互动关系。     

木棉叶总黄酮的提取工艺优化研究

目的确定木棉叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。方法采用分光光度法,以槲皮素为标准品测定木棉叶中的总黄酮含量,在单因素实验的基础上通过正交实验对木棉叶总黄酮提取工艺条件进行优化。结果确定木棉叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为取70目的药材加入20倍量的80%乙醇回流1h,该提取工艺的总黄酮得率为25.172mg/g。结论本提取工艺具有简单、可靠、准确的特点,可作为木棉叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。     

Time-saving innovations, time allocation, and energy use: Evidence from Canadian households

Time and energy are major inputs into the production of household goods and services. As a result, the market penetration of time-saving technologies for general household use is expected to affect both a household's (i) allocation of time across home production and leisure activities; and (ii) energy use. For example, with a household's adoption of a microwave or a dishwasher, cooking food and washing dishes will require less time, and therefore in-home meal preparation may increase. Households with microwaves or dishwashers may also opt to spend more time undertaking other production activities, inside or outside the home, or engage in more leisure (watching TV, reading, exercising). To the extent that time is reallocated from less to more energy-intensive activities in the home, residential energy use will increase as households adopt appliances that embody time-saving technology. Furthermore, an adoption of time-saving technologies for basic household chores, such as meal preparation and laundry, can impact energy use due to the fact that many time-saving technologies are more energy intensive than alternative technologies that require larger time commitments. In this paper, we use the Canadian Survey of Household Energy Use data from 2003 to examine the extent to which ownership of products that embody time-saving innovations affects time allocation and energy use at the household level.     

The Five-Year Outlook as metaphor for technology forecasting and social change

The National Science and Technology Policy Organization and Priorities Act of 1976, which mandated the Five-Year Outlook, is considered as a doctrine of anticipation to coalesce the federal bureaucracy in order to engage the future and to determine, as a community, its long-term priorities. The Outlook is thus a symbol of a broader process of managing technology to produce, over time, socially satisfactory outcomes that will not be squeezed out by short-term needs. The article argues that to transfer preparation of the Outlook back to OSTP would add immensely to the stature and influence of the report.