电子支票系统的安全问题研究

一、引言随着 Internet 的迅速发展,网络用户的逐年增加,极大地推动了电子商务的发展。电子商务必须解决网上安全支付问题。目前,网上安全支付手段比较成熟的是卡支付,主要用于消费者网上购物即所谓的 B to C 电子商务,而涉及企业和企业之间的电子交易即 B toB 电子商务,在线支付还没有完全解决。众所周知,支票作为一种传统的支付方式在企业与企业之间的交易中被广泛采用。如果把纸支票电子化,使用电子支票作为支付手段,必将为企业间交易提供方便、快捷、低成本的在线电     

电子商务市场交易规则的法理分析

电子商务市场在我国发展过程中出现的频繁网络交易诈骗等问题,严重影响了电子商务市场交易规则程序和诚信力。考察我国目前电子商务市场的运行机制,必须健全相关法律体系,以促进电子商务市场交易秩序不断规范、保障交易手段安全,让电子商务经济市场健康持续发展,确保电子商务市场参与者、政府监管者之关系正常化。     

电子商务中常用安全技术分析

本文在分析电子商务的主要安全要素的基础上,具体介绍采用目前电子商务领域的三种安全技术,来消除电子商务活动中的安全隐患.     

企业电子商务安全分析

电子商务要求企业通过计算机互联网进行业务交易,企业在开展电子商务的时候,必须充分考虑安全问题。目前我国企业电子商务安全问题比较突出,必须采取措施及时有效解决这些问题．以保证企业电子商务健康发展。     

电子商务中常用安全技术分析

本文在分析电子商务的主要安全要素的基础上，具体介绍采用目前电子商务领域的三种安全技术，来消除电子商务活动中的安全隐患。     

浅析基于PKI体系的安全技术在电子商务中的应用

PKI是一种新的安全技术,是一种遵循标准的利用公钥加密技术为电子商务的开展提供一套安全基础平台的技术和规范。本文分析了目前电子商务领域存在的主要安全问题,从数字证书技术、数字签名技术、身份认证技术等方面探讨了基于PKI体系的安全技术在电子商务中的应用,同时以网上银行为例,说明这些安全技术的综合应用,并对我国推行电子商务必须注意的问题提出了相关建议。     

面向电子化的未来

根据调查显示，目前用户对网络的需求主要表现在两个方面，通过手机、PC和电视进行电子 付费以及网络接入和信息安全。为此，斯伦贝谢公司推出了智能端到端安全电子付费解决方 案，可以为用户提供可靠的电子商务运行环境，充分保障电子商务的高安全性和电子交易的 顺畅。用户可以籍此获得更大的便利，并提高对移动交易设备的安全性的信心；商家则可降 低银行交易成本，更快地推出新业务。……     

试论电子商务交易中的安全技术

随着互联网的迅猛发展,电子商务已经进入我们的日常生活,但是,网络交易的安全问题也始终制约着电子商务的发展。本文就电子商务交易中所面临的安全问题和涉及的安全技术加以论述。     

RSA SecurID身份认证系统实现对帐户安全集中管理

目前银行大多在网络边界安全、入侵检测等方面做了大量的工作,在交易系统上对交易员的登陆认证大多采用了 IC 卡的方式,实现了交易人员的双因素身份认证;但是,在网络设备、主机系统的管理人员身份认证上,目前大多还没有采用好的安全技术。银行业务网络与信息的安全问题将成为影响系统正常运行的     

基于PKI的电子商务交易系统的实现

电子商务活动主要涉及信息的交流、电子数据的交换和电子转账。其中，电子交易中的安全问题已经成为发展可信赖电子商务环境的瓶颈。目前最有效的解决方案就是建立在公匙基础设施上的PKI技术。因此本文提出了一个基于PKI的电子商务交易系统，分析了其交易实现过程。同时对该系统中商务实践的安全问题给出了可行方案，经模拟运行，该方案切实可行。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.