企业项目团队中的领导力研究

领导和领导行为在企业项目团队发展中具有重要作用。企业项目团队的领导力主要由两部分构成：一部分是项目经理的领导力,另一部分是项目成员的领导力。高效能的团队,应该是在项目经理的协调下,使每一位项目成员在各自的职能领域发挥领导力。本文主要是从这两个方面论述企业项目团队的领导力,并对提升项目团队的领导力提出建议。     

基于项目绩效的领导力模型

本文从项目绩效角度出发，阐述了领导力的定义，并从相关理论中引出了项目中领导力的影响因素。在此基础上，分析了项目中领导力对项目绩效的影响机理，构建了领导力模型。     

建筑施工企业项目经理绩效考核流程设计

项目法在我国建筑施工企业的推广使得我国建筑施工企业已基本形成以施工项目为出发点、中心、归宿的管理模式。企业法定代表委托施工企业的项目经理对施工过程全面负责。对项目经理的绩效进行客观、公正考核是施工企业合理制定绩效激励机制的前提,因此,对施工企业项目经理绩效考核的研究极具意义。     

服务型领导力差异对团队绩效的影响研究

现阶段,服务型领导力在社会中的作用愈渐突出、影响的范围愈广,主要表现在积极的领导力能给企业发展带来积极影响,有效调节领导和员工之间的关系,发挥着调节团队内良性竞争氛围的重要作用。即服务型领导力差异越小,团队的绩效水平会越高,团队成员越团结。论文就服务型领导力差异对团队绩效的影响进行了探讨。     

我国物流企业管理层领导力对员工敬业度的影响——企业绩效实施水平的调节作用

探讨了物流企业中企业管理层领导力对员工敬业度的影响,并以企业绩效实施水平为调节变量进行相关研究。分析得出物流企业中管理层领导力对员工敬业度有明显的促进作用,企业管理层领导力越强,员工敬业度越高,并且企业绩效实施水平能够正向地调节企业管理层领导力对员工敬业度的影响。     

环境战略、经营战略与企业绩效——基于战略匹配视角的分析

企业环境战略与经营战略具有内在相关性,剥离了企业经营战略单独研究企业环境战略与环境绩效和经营绩效的关系必然会带来偏差。本文应用战略匹配中的组合背离模式,以医药行业企业为研究样本,研究了企业环境战略与经营战略的匹配对企业环境绩效和经营绩效的影响,发现企业不同类型环境战略与经营战略的匹配可以提高环境绩效与经营绩效。研究成果将战略匹配研究拓展至环境战略领域,进一步揭示了环境战略、经营战略、环境绩效与经营绩效间的关系,对于企业经营实践也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

女性领导力特质对员工绩效的影响研究——基于团队氛围的中介效应

基于女性管理者主导决策并承担组织发展责任的视角,以团队氛围为中介变量,揭示互联网时代女性领导力特质对企业管理效率的影响效应。研究结果表明,女性领导力特质对团队氛围和员工绩效具有正向的支持作用,能够促进良好团队氛围的形成,并且最终通过团队氛围的中介作用影响员工绩效,这对企业提高组织管理效率、培育员工的组织忠诚度和激发员工的创新热情,以适应互联网时代组织架构日趋网格化和组织管理社群化的要求具有重要意义。     

变革领导、团队内部社会资本与项目绩效

以北京、上海、天津和石家庄四城市的139个项目团队为调查对象,在对变革型领导、项目绩效、社会互动、信任和共享愿景等量表的信度与效度检验的基础上,采用层次回归方法探讨了变革型领导对项目绩效的作用机理问题。研究结果表明,变革型领导对项目绩效具有显著的正向影响作用,团队内部社会资本结构维度、关系维度和认知维度在变革型领导与项目绩效之间起着中介作用。本研究不仅弥补了变革型领导与项目绩效关系理论的空缺,而且为组织如何提高项目绩效提供了指引。     

建筑施工项目经理绩效评价体系研究

通过对建筑施工企业项目经理绩效评价现状分析，根据施工项目特性，完善了施工项目经理绩效评价指标体系。采用群决策层次分析法确定施工项目经理绩效评价指标权重，并用模糊综合评判进行科学评价，以得到对项目经理绩效客观、公正的考核。     

基于逻辑回归的项目经理特质与DB项目目标关联研究

在工程项目团队中,选择一位个人特质与项目目标匹配程度高的项目经理是影响项目目标完成的重要因素。文章通过文献综述,选取了Design-Build交易模式(以下简称"DB模式")下业主最关心的3个项目目标作为应变量、项目经理的16项特质作为自变量,并通过对中国承包商进行问卷调查,运用相关性分析及二元逻辑回归方法,分析了项目经理特质与项目目标之间的关联程度。SPSS分析结果显示,有4项项目经理特质对所研究的项目目标有显著影响,其中抗压能力、情绪控制能力及项目与项目经理职业生涯规划相符程度3项特质与所研究项目目标的完成呈正相关,决策风险偏好则与之呈负相关。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.