景区旅游危机内在机理初探

近些年来,随着旅游业的发展。旅游危机事件的发生对景区管理提出了更高的要求,要求实行旅游危机管理来保障旅游活动的正常开展。因此,在借鉴事故因果连锁论的基础上构建旅游危机因果连锁分析模型,分析景区旅游危机的成因,认为景区旅游危机是不安全的旅游环境,不安全的旅游行为,以及两者在同一时间和同一空间交叉处相遇的结果。同时．景区旅游危机还表现出明显的时空规律。     

我国旅游资源和景区研究的十个前沿问题

旅游景区是旅游产业发展的核心要素，也是主要的旅游吸引物。有关旅游景区的规划、建设、管理和营销已成为研究重点，但总体上看，旅游景区研究还严重滞后于景区开发建设的实际需求。本文提出了我国旅游资源和景区发展中10个迫切需要研究的问题。     

关于推行旅游景区管理人员职业资格证书的论证

目前 ,我国旅游景区管理没有得到应有的重视 ,人才缺乏是根本。针对这种情况 ,本文首次提出通过推行旅游景区管理人员职业资格证书来促进景区管理理论和实践管理 ,提高旅游景区管理人员的素质 ,并对推行此项措施的必要性、手段等方面做了详尽的论证。     

基于本底线的不同性质旅游危机事件影响比对研究——以中国4次旅游危机事件为例

我国现代旅游业在发展历程中曾经历过4次大的旅游危机,分别是1989年的"6·4"风波、1997年的亚洲金融危机、1998年特大洪水和2003年的SARS疫情等.由于4次事件的性质不同,并且发生在我国旅游业不同的发展阶段,其对旅游的影响存在着一定的差异.差异主要表现在危机所造成的旅游损失程度不同、旅游危机影响的生命周期不同、危机后旅游补偿性恢复的反弹力不同等方面.     

旅游危机事件管理研究——以三亚旅游危机事件为例

本文以三亚“宰客门”导致的旅游危机事件为例,深入分析此次危机事件管理中暴露出的问题,并就如何进行旅游危机事件管理提出相关应对策略。     

旅游景区生产实习管理研究——以华侨大学旅游学院为例

多数旅游学院在组织旅游景区生产实习中存在旅游景区淡旺季明显、稳定性较差,实习单位难落实,实习组织管理缺乏系统性等方面的不足与难点。本文主要从旅游景区生产实习管理的六个方面进行探讨,包括实习景区遴选,实习前的计划、动员与教育,实习生派遣、定岗,实习过程的联系、指导与反馈,实习返校、考核与成绩评定,实习总结与提高。     

旅游景区生产实习管理研究 --以华侨大学旅游学院为例

多数旅游学院在组织旅游景区生产实习中存在旅游景区淡旺季明显、稳定性较差,实习单位难落实,实习组织管理缺乏系统性等方面的不足与难点.本文主要从旅游景区生产实习管理的六个方面进行探讨,包括实习景区遴选,实习前的计划、动员与教育,实习生派遣、定岗,实习过程的联系、指导与反馈,实习返校、考核与成绩评定,实习总结与提高.     

旅游业敏感性及危机管理的适当解读——冷静后的再研究与实证分析

虽然旅游学界对于旅游业的＂敏感性＂早有关注,但是对其进行专题讨论的论著依旧寥寥,近年来,突发事件给旅游业带来的冲击和影响引起了人们对此的更多关注。文章旨在结合旅游产业的实践,重点梳理国内外相关研究,讨论＂敏感性＂与＂脆弱性＂差异,旅游业危机的二层面三维度的衡量原则,以期促进对突发事件和危机管理认知的深化,从而揭示危机管理研究对旅游管理学与旅游市场营销学的推进作用。     

探析景区产品的市场化问题

景区产品是一种特殊的旅游产品，它既是人类宝贵的财富，又是旅游经济中不可缺少的资源。当前中国景区经营权的转让引发了种种问题和争议，不仅触发了旅游业界的议论，而且也引起了其他有关方面的关注。本文在分析了景区产品特性的基础上，认为景区产品的市场化要依据景区产品的特点和发展规律来进行，并就景区产品市场化的实现提出了建议。     

基于游客体验的智慧景区建设探讨——以自然景区为例

旅游景区是旅游业的核心要素,智慧景区建设是智慧旅游建设的重要组成部分。作为旅游活动的主体,游客需求个性化和多样化的倾向越来越明显,旅游体验成为景区创建的核心。本文探讨了自然景区建设的现状,认为以旅游体验为核心的智慧景区包括信息公共服务、安全服务、资源保护和志愿者服务四大系统。     

Crisis Management and Tourism

Summary

Undoubtedly, the tourism industry is one of the most susceptible and vulnerable industries to crises. Recent major events that had devastating impacts on the industry ranges from natural disasters to epidemics, and from mismanagement to terrorist attacks. These kinds of episodes are not confined to any geographical region, as crises respect no political or cultural boundaries. Two major recent events illustrate this point: the BSE crisis in the UK in the 1990s, which was followed by the foot and mouth disease in 2000 and 2001, crippled the industry in several regions of England. Most recently, the events of September 11th in New York and Washington changed the way the industry operates forever. Crises are not new to the tourism industry. However, it has been observed that tourism management capability and ability to deal with complex and critical situations are limited.

This paper discusses the concept of crisis management and its relevance to tourism. It presents an overview of the general trends in tourism crises events of the last two decades, assesses the impacts of major man-made crises on the industry, and argues for the importance of crisis management in tourism management. The paper also discusses the complex issue of crisis definition and its implications for organizations, and provides an operational definition of crisis management. Critical issues in crisis management, such as crisis anatomy, crisis incubation, risk perception in tourism and destination image, are discussed. Finally, the paper explores and analyses, in the context of crisis anatomy, the public sector handling of a major resort pollution crisis in Southern Brazil.     

Crisis Management,Tourism and Sustainability: The Role of Indicators

The damage to tourism caused by a crisis or disaster may not only have serious implications for a national economy but also threaten the livelihoods of many in the destination. The monitoring of crisis indicators could allow intervention to minimise the crisis and offers a chance of protecting tourism for the benefit of all stakeholders. This paper evaluates the role of crisis indicators in sustainable tourism development, and shows why this is closely connected to issues in sustainable tourism. The author challenges the conventional classification of crises and suggests that grouping them according to their triggers is more useful in predicting and managing a potential crisis. Empirical data gathered during interviews with senior Malaysian public and private sector representatives highlight some of the practical issues associated with the identification and monitoring of appropriate indicators. The paper concludes that the new classification allows crisis management to be more cost-effective and may also be a key to indicator development for other aspects of sustainable tourism. The travel trade may hold the key to indicators of market trends, but there would be issues in obtaining the necessary information for reasons of confidentiality.     

Malaysia's Response to the Asian Financial Crisis

Summary

Tourism is a fragile industry and the damage caused by a crisis may have serious implications for a national economy. Crisis management is the means by which the impact of a crisis may be minimised and recovery assisted. This paper analyses the Malaysian response to the Asian financial crisis in the context of tourism and considers whether there is the potential for crisis management at a sectoral level, and if so how it should be developed and implemented. It concludes that although both the public and private sector recognise the need for such a measure, issues such as funding and the identification of appropriate indicators need to be resolved.     

Crisis Management in Tourism

SUMMARY

Anticipating and preparing to deal with the threat of crises precipitated by disaster from natural and people-made catastrophes is an important challenge facing tourism. As an industry tourism is particularly susceptible to such negative events putting the sector under almost constant threat of a crisis. Before the catastrophes of 9/11 and the Asian Tsunami of 2004 crisis management in tourism was essentially a reactive response, as opposed to a state of proactive anticipation. A review of the emerging literature on crisis management in tourism is given to identify the foci of the current academic discourse. More systematic input by human resource management was identified as a way to assist tourism businesses in preparing for and dealing with crises. By discussing crisis management within a services management context, a contribution is made to the debate on the need for proactive crisis management within the tourism industry. A central plank to this position is that the preparation stage of crisis management in tourism is the actual beginning of any strategic response to recovery. Well conceived and executed human development is promoted as an initiative and key component of crisis preparation and management. Developing the potential of human capital at the industry and enterprise level to deal with crisis management is a way of reducing the vulnerability of tourism enterprises to crises. Measures are suggested that may be taken to prepare tourism businesses for crisis situations.     

改善我国风景名胜区现行管理体制的对策研究--以天柱山风景名胜区为例

风景名胜区作为主要的旅游资源，在旅游业中起着重要的作用，但现行风景名胜区管理体制存在着权限界定不清、政企不分、利益划分不明确等矛盾。本文以国家级风景名胜区天柱山为实证，分析风景名胜区现行管理体制主要弊端，提出改善风景名胜区管理体制的对策。     

新农村建设背景下风景名胜区与居民点互动关系研究——以方山—长屿硐天国家级风景名胜区入口村庄为例

本文首先讨论风景区规划和新农村建设两者对居民点规划建设的要求,在分析这两种要求互相一致和互相矛盾两方面的基础上,探讨新农村建设背景下风景区与居民点之间的互动关系.同时结合方山一长屿硐天国家级风景名胜区入口村庄的案例,揭示目前国内风景区农村型居民点普遍存在的一些问题,并试图寻找在新农村建设背景下景村互动的出路和对策.     

Post Crisis Recovery

SUMMARY

In recent years a growing number of disasters have affected the tourism industry on scales that range from regional to global. Although there have been a number of significant disasters including SARS, the September 11 attack on the US in 2001, coups in Fiji and the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997/98 the impacts on the tourism industry in the affected regions and/or countries have been surprisingly short-term. There is still much to learn from how crisis events were managed by the various industry and government authorities involved. This paper focuses on aspects of the impact of Cyclone Larry on the North Queensland tourism industry by examining the impact on visitor flows in the short term and recording the views of visitors who had travelled to the region several months after the event. The research identifies aspects of visitor behaviours and expectations that may be of use to industry and government to better inform managers and policy makers in their planning and management functions.     

风景区保护与发展统一论的若干商榷意见

本文认为，保护是风景区永恒的主题，但必须适应市场经济的要求，旅游业是风景区发展的决定性方向；市场配置资源必将成为风景区发展的必由之路；风景区的保护和发展离不开政府主导；应该积极推进体制创新，并结合实践论证了风景区保护与发展的统一，并回答了目前困扰风景区保护和发展中存在的一些敏感问题。     

新冠疫情对景区依托型安置区失地农户生计的影响——以三清山银湖湾安置区为例

新冠疫情对易地搬迁农户的生计造成了严重影响,对生计方式由农业向旅游服务业转型的景区依托型安置区农户生计的影响尤为显著。本文以三清山风景区的银湖湾安置区为例,分析了安置区农户的生计资本,探讨了新冠疫情对安置区农户生计的影响及其机制,并提出了增强农户生计抗风险能力的若干对策。研究发现：（1）易地搬迁对农户的生计资本产生了较大影响。搬迁后,总体上农户生计资本有所增加,农户的物质资本和金融资本增加明显,自然资本则直接被旅游资本所替代,由此引起相对于旅游业经营而言人力资本的减少;（2）新冠疫情对旅游业的重创直接影响到银湖湾安置区农户的生计,对农户生计的影响面广、影响程度深、潜在影响明显;（3）失地、依赖旅游业、组织化程度低、安置后管委会角色退出等形成了安置区农户生计所处的特定情境,疫情对农户生计的影响程度与此特定情境有直接的关系。本文可为其他类型安置区农户生计的疫情影响研究提供参考,也可为增强易地搬迁农户生计的抗风险能力提供指导。     

Crisis Management and Its Impact on Destination Marketing

Abstract

This paper analyzes the crisis management procedures utilized by four specific Convention and Visitors Bureaus in a variety of disaster situations and locations across the United States. The crises studied are representative of both man-made and natural disasters, and occurred in destinations in which tourism plays a significant role. From these case studies, a comprehensive set of crisis management procedures was compiled for the benefit of Convention and Visitors Bureaus nationwide. Such standardized crisis management procedures will presumably contribute to a faster and more efficient recovery for any destination after a crisis, as these procedures have been used in actual crisis situations.