基于因子分析法的中国葡萄酒营销策略探析

葡萄酒由于酒精含量低,营养价值高,被认为是保健酒,在未来存在一个广阔的消费市场,但由于企业市场营销策略的相对滞后以及受传统饮食习惯的影响,我国消费市场一直以饮用白酒为主,葡萄酒并未充当过酒类消费的主角。本文借助SPSS11软件,应用因子分析法通过对消费者购买心理进行定量分析,确定消费者购买葡萄酒所追求的主要利益,对市场进行科学细分,有针对性地制定相应营销策略以期能够扩大葡萄酒的销售。     

葡萄酒文化传播的对策研究

葡萄酒文化与葡萄酒产业发展息息相关。现阶段我国葡萄酒文化尚处于萌芽阶段,葡萄酒文化对于葡萄酒产业提升的作用尚未显现,消费者对葡萄酒文化的认知也较为薄弱。本文从我国葡萄酒文化的现状出发,归纳出葡萄酒文化传播过程中存在的问题,深刻剖析了问题产生的根源,并提出了对葡萄酒文化传播的改进意见。本文的研究能够为葡萄酒行业的文化建设和品牌营销提供有效指导,有利于促进我国葡萄酒行业的发展,因而具有重要的现实意义。     

中国葡萄酒市场上的“消费者轮廓”

随着近几年中国葡萄酒市场竞争激烈程度的加深。企业的营销成本也在逐渐上升。营销人员面对经过进一步细分的红酒市场，需要知道其的目标消费群体的“样子”，即“消费者轮廓”。本文对中国葡萄酒消费市场及为葡萄酒企业在产品开发与市场推广过程中应该思考的问题作了一些分析。     

构建以消费者为中心的中国葡萄酒场景化消费体系建设路径

国内经济快速发展及消费主义的兴起，推动葡萄酒消费逐渐升级。推动葡萄酒消费文化建设能有效提升葡萄酒的市场价值。消费者尤其是年青一代对葡萄酒的消费理性与个性并存，同时追求葡萄酒的高品质和健康饮用。葡萄酒营销要告别仅以产品为中心的传统方式，打造社交化和个性化的场景化消费体系。文章对细分市场定位、新零售和新媒体营销等建设路径进行探讨，以建设中国葡萄酒的场景化消费体系。     

C牌葡萄酒区域市场操作纪实

近年来，随着葡萄酒文化的普及和消费者对健康的关注，以及周边大中型城市的酒水消费文化带动下，葡萄酒在小城市逐渐兴起，但小城市市场的葡萄酒营销由于市场和消费者情况的不同，简单套用大城市的运作思路，往往不尽如人意。就小区域市场的葡萄酒操作思路问题。本文归纳总结某知名品牌(简称C)在一县级城市的成功运作，希望对广大经销商以启示。     

葡萄酒产品的市场定位初探——以陕西玉川酒庄为例

本研究通过实地走访了解陕西玉川酒庄来分析葡萄酒的市场定位与营销方式。中国是个酒文化盛行已久的国家，传统白酒在我国消费市场上的绝对领先优势正在被多元化、多样化的消费需求所打破。曾经主要用于商务场合、高端宴饮、情调氛围的舶来品葡萄酒正在加速平民化、大众化、普及化，越来越多地出现在大众消费者的日常餐桌上。本文以陕西玉川酒庄为例，试着从市场定位的角度来分析葡萄酒市场营销方式。     

谈我国汽车消费市场的发展对策

本文在对我国汽车消费市场基本现状以及中国消费者独特的汽车消费行为特征进行分析基础上,提出了我国汽车消费市场的发展对策,为完善和发展我国汽车消费市场、为企业和营销人员更深入地了解消费者,更好地满足消费者的需求提供参考。     

我国企业文化营销策略研究

文化营销有助于企业实现产品差异化及提升品牌价值,也有助于企业产品品牌与消费者之间的沟通。我国企业在使用文化营销过程中还存在着不能紧密联系消费者、无法建立长期稳固的关系、不能给予消费者迅速反应、不注重消费者回报等问题。企业在实施文化营销时,应将文化运用到4R营销当中,即建立与消费者之间的文化关联;建立消费者所需求的文化反应;建立企业与消费者之间长期稳固的文化关系;建立了稳固的关系得到的营销文化回报。这能使营销过程更加顺利,并更有效的达到营销目的。     

我国轿车消费者行为浅析

分析我国轿车消费市场的特点及影响轿车消费的主要因素,进一步阐述了轿车消费者购买行为参与购买的角色和消费者的购买程序,从而为轿车企业制定营销策略提供价值依据。     

消费心理认同对市场营销效率的影响探究

消费市场中,消费者对消费物品的消费心理因各种主客观因素时刻发生变化,消费心理认同对市场营销有重要影响。抓住消费者的消费心理是运用营销手段达成既定营销目标的基本保证。文章通过对消费者心理认同的调研,从消费心理视角探究市场营销目标的实现手段,以期对消费市场上营销效率的实现有所帮助。     

Consumption dynamics and demographics of Canadian wine consumers: Retailing insights from the tasting room channel

This study facilitates a better understanding of the socio-demographics and consumption dynamics of wine consumers using the retailing ‘platform’ of the winery tasting room with them as visitors to it in a wine region environment. The overall aim was to gain some insights on gender and age generation-related consumer behaviour, wine type preferences, and their link to retail channel behaviour. Systematic random sampling yielded a total of 659 useable surveys collected at various tasting rooms in the Niagara Peninsula Wine Region in Ontario, Canada. Specific differences exist in the wine consumption behaviour and wine type preferences of males and females and between generational cohorts, specifically Millennial and older consumers. Whereas females and males do not differ much in quantity consumed and spend on wine, they do differ greatly in wine type consumption with females drinking significantly more white and males more red wine. Wine type consumption was shown to be moderated by not only classical demographic variables, but also by the retail outlets preferred for wine purchase. Females buy more of their wine from foodservice on-trade retail outlets such as restaurants, while Millennials frequent the tasting room channel much less than older consumers. There are strong indications that the higher the wine tourism activity level, the higher the wine consumption (usage) level of the consumers. It is possible to direct marketing strategies at wine consumers in accordance with their gender and lifecycle stage as far as certain behavioural and sensory aspects of the product is concerned. The winery tasting room is the most obvious retail channel vehicle to reach people with high tourism activity factor levels who also happen to be the high usage consumers in the wine market.     

Representations of the emotions associated with a wine purchasing or consumption experience

Wine products possess pronounced cultural and symbolic characteristics. Given how hard it is to differentiate the product's more objective dimensions, it is important to understand the emotions and feelings that accompany wine purchasing, consuming or sharing experiences. The present study uses a writing workshop and literature review to uncover the relationships between the dimensions of the emotions that people feel during an experience of this kind, along with the mode of expression of different consumer groups. It also offers specific analysis of the role played by brands among the different characteristics of emotions. Towards this end, a series of wine‐related experiential narratives has been compiled and treated via a structural text analysis approach followed by lexical contents analysis. One of the findings breaks consumers' involvement down into four categories of emotions. Another comes from a content analysis of the narratives that will differentiate among three separate consumer groups. Lastly, suggestions will be made in terms of wider consequences for the field of wine marketing.     

Beyond drinking: the role of wine in the life of the UK consumer

Since the development of wine sales via supermarkets in the UK in the 1970s wine consumption has more than doubled so now the UK is the largest wine import market (by value) in the world. Wine is now consumed by approximately 61% of the UK adult population on a regular basis. For many social wine consumption has become part of their lifestyle. Given the international importance of the UK wine market, plus the increasing incorporation of wine into regular consumption behaviour, it is remarkable how few academic studies have been undertaken into the consumption behaviour of moderate, social UK wine consumers. This paper aims to start developing that knowledge, thus adding to our understanding of consumer behaviour in general. The results show that consumers use wine in very sophisticated ways via purchasing, gifting and consumption. The findings also show that social interaction with wine varies significantly, dependant upon occasion and environment. Behaviour also varies if the purchase, as gift and/or for consumption, is perceived as a private or public activity. This paper places UK wine consumer behaviour within a social context, and is able to show that all consumers display a range of behaviours in relation to wine which are situation and occasion dependant.     

A Conjoint Analysis of Quality Wine

Abstract

Weighted least squares approach for conjoint analysis is used to examine buyer preferences towards wines produced in different Spanish regions. Two producer regions are considered, Na-varra and Aragon, and three wine attributes: price, origin and grape vintage year (wine age). In both regions, differences between urban and rural consumers' preferences are tested. Results indicate that the origin of the grapes is the most important attribute for the wine consumer. Rural consumers prefer locally produced wines while Rioja wines are better considered by urban consumers. The price and the age of the wines are secondary attributes in consumer preferences. Finally, some market segments are formed based on individual consumer preferences and some of their sociodemographic characteristics in order to address differentiated marketing strategies to these segments.     

Purchase Attributes of Wine Consumers with Low Involvement

Abstract

The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in wine consumption. With this increase comes the need to understand how consumers choose wine. Wine consumers have different types of experiences and expectations, and a one bottle fits all method of catering to wine consumers is not an appropriate marketing strategy. Consumer segmentation based upon involvement with wine is critical to understanding buying behaviors. This study used factor analysis and logistic regression to identify the wine novice and what marketing cues they use to purchase wine. The results identified key marketing cues wine novices use to purchase wine and revealed yet another involvement category: the emerging wine learner.     

Consumer Interests and the Ethical Implications of Marketing: A Contingency Framework

The increasing efforts by marketers to target diverse groups of consumers call for a closer examination of the ethical implications of market segmentation and differentiated marketing. Previous research suggests that marketers and consumers often differ in their perceptions of marketing ethics. Based on contingency theory, this research proposes an integrated framework—which includes the nature of the product, consumer characteristics, and market selection—to analyze the ethical complexities of the marketing exchange. Interactions among these factors lead to various contingencies with different ethical implications for marketing managers and public policy makers. Marketers should assess consumer interests and the ethics of marketing programs before their implementation     

Antecedents of Taiwan Chinese Consumers’ Purchase Intentions Toward U.S.- and Japanese-Made Household Appliances

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to understand the factors influencing Taiwan's Chinese consumers’ purchase intentions toward U.S. and Japanese household appliances. The authors attempt to develop and test a comprehensive model linking such purchase intentions to several constructs including Taiwan Chinese consumers’ openness to foreign cultures, consumer nationalism, product familiarity, traditional cultural values orientation, and product-country image. The result of analysis using structural equation modeling shows that consumer nationalism has a strong indirect effect on purchase intention via the product-country image construct. Taiwan Chinese consumers’ traditional cultural values orientation and openness to foreign cultures have direct effects on consumer nationalism and, hence, are important antecedents in explaining the purchase intentions toward foreign-made goods by Taiwan Chinese consumers. With the growing importance of the Chinese domestic market, this study provides international marketing managers with practical implications in important areas such as market segmentation, branding strategy, and market research and practices in the Chinese consumer market.     

Estimating Optimal Prices for Wine Exhibition Awards Using Comparative Judgements

Abstract

Producers of bottled wine have their products evaluated at various wine exhibitions for the purpose of receiving awards that can be displayed on the bottles. This contribution introduces an approach for retailers and producers to estimate optimal prices for wine exhibition awards. A case study has been employed in cooperation with a major Czech wine company to investigate the practical application of the method. Wine exhibition awards are found to be among the important factors affecting consumer preferences for bottled wine. A Conjoint experiment allowed for estimating the relative importance of selected wine exhibitions as award origins and for determining the partial utilities of selected awards (medals). Calculating the individual price equivalents for those awards and three selected wines enables the estimation of prices for maximum turnover. According to the approach, price equivalents and markups can be estimated based on consumer preferences. Retailers as well as producers can employ the procedure for matching their offers with specifically designed prices to their target group's needs and wants in their individual markets.     

营销策划价值关联原理分析——基于市场生态价值系统和消费者需求要素

在相当长的一段时期内,中国市场环境和消费者需求将处于复杂、动态的变化之中。在变化的背后总是隐藏着许多不变的价值因素,这就是基于消费者需求的市场价值系统和企业生态价值系统。策划价值关联原理的本质就在于在变与不变中建立市场价值系统与消费者需求要素之间的关联。     

Using emotional benefits as a differentiation strategy in saturated markets

The high level of product substitution in most consumer markets often makes it difficult to match supply with demand, especially in sectors with mature, saturated markets with intense competition and a high degree of product differentiation. The difficulty of using technical characteristics such as quality and/or price to differentiate products suggests that marketers could profit from gaining more insight into the way in which consumers' purchase decisions are influenced by their perceived emotions. This paper investigates this issue in the wine market, a highly saturated market with homogeneous supply, obtaining results that appear to support the notion that emotions do indeed play a part in consumer choice structures, which show a higher degree of abstraction in those segments that report a greater number of perceived emotions. This considerably complicates the task of creating a differentiated marketing strategy, in the sense that suppliers need to give much greater consideration to consumers' self‐awareness. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.