我国税收增速变动征管成因的定量研究——1978—2005年数据的实证检验

本文根据税收努力理论构建了我国预测的税收份额的决定方程,并由此计算出我国预测的税收份额,结合我国实际税收份额,计算出我国1978-2005年间税收努力指数.本文以税收努力指数作为计量我国税收征管水平变动的代理变量.分析结果表明,税收努力指数的增长率与调整后税收增长率保持了较强的相关性,并且它们还具有良好的回归关系,我国征管水平提高率对我国调整后税收增长率的解释能力达到88.74%.我国征管水平的变动解释了我国税收增速变动的绝大部分原因.     

中国区域经济增长与税收收入增长研究

全国、东部、中部、西部地区的税收些入与GDP的总量、增量，以及宏观税负与GDP增长率之间虽然总量上的相关性都很强，但是增量相关性却很弱，影响税收收入增量变化的其他因素占比较大的份额。中国东部经济增长率普遍快于中西部地区，但税收收入增长率却正好相反，中西部地区快于东部地区，地区经济增长与税收收入增长之间是非同步的，或者说是逆向变动的。这是由于中西部地区的产业结构不合理，所有制结构调整滞后等原因所造成的。     

我国税收与GDP关系的再思考——从消除1985年数据异常点影响的视角

我国税收统计数据中,1985年的数据比较以前数据有巨大的增长,形成了一个数据异常点,其主要原因是我国在1984年10月实施了第二步"利改税",同时颁布实施了六部新税收条例.本文假设"利改税"发生在1978年,于是对1978-1984年"虚国营企业所得税"进行补值,这样就消除了1985年数据异常点的影响.经过相关性和时间序列分析,本文认为1978-2005年间,我国经济总量的变动决定了税收总量的变动,税收增量的变动主要受税收政策变动影响,其与经济增量变动的相关性微弱.因此,税收与经济总量保持了协调增长,增长率却相互独立.     

地区经济增长与税收增长的相关性分析及对策研究

本文通过对全国、东部、中部、西部地区的税收收入与GDP的总量、增量以及宏观税负与GDP增长率之间的相关性分析得出,虽然总量上的相关性都很强,但是增量相关性却很弱,说明影响税收收入增量变化的其他因素占比较大的份额。最后,提出了一些对策。     

融资关系的治理与宏观经济“软启动”

1993年后,我国产品市场基本形成,名义GDP基本上可代表社会总需求规模(我们在分析时将库存变动也列出).1993年后,我国与国际市场环境关系变化较大,我们还测算剔除出口和净出口增长后我国名义GDP增长代表的国内总需求,以及国内对国内总需求规模的变动,方法为名义GDP增长率剔除出口或净出口增长额占上年名义GDP比重。我们将计算结果和有关经济量的增长率在1993-1997年间的情况列入表1。     

中国税收负担与经济增长关系的计量分析

笔者研究税收与经济增长之间的关系,在对格雷纳模型修正的基础上,运用面板数据分析的方法分析我国宏观税负与经济增长之间的关系,实证分析的结果表明:东部经济带平均宏观税负较高,对经济增长的抑制作用比较显著;中部经济带和西部经济带宏观税负低于东部经济带,其税收对经济增长的作用不显著.同时本文运用协整理论分析税收结构与经济增长之间的关系,分析的结果表明:我国对资本征税显著地降低了人均GDP增长率,不利于经济增长.对劳动征税对人均GDP增长率没有显著的影响,对消费征税则显著地提高了人均GDP增长率,有利于经济的增长.本文进一步对税收政策的制定提出建议.     

河北省税收收入与GDP关系的研究

在中国,国家税务总局在20世纪90年代末期开始实行将税收计划与GDP挂钩,并通过计算GDP税收负担率的方法来编制税收计划。因此,研究税收收入与GDP的实际关系很有必要。通过对河北省20世纪以来税收收入和GDP发展情况的定性分析以及建立回归模型对GDP结构和税收收入关系的研究得出了河北省GDP对税收收入弹性较低,产业结构对实际税收收入的总量有所影响的初步结论,并提出了相关建议。     

上海GDP三大需求要素的贡献度和相关性研究

支出法GDP由最终消费(消费需求)、资本形成总额(投资需求)、货物和服务净出口(国外需求)三部分构成.三大需求各增量之和即为当年GDP总增量.三大需求的数量、结构、增长率及其相关性,决定了经济运行的质量及经济增长的数量和速度.本文运用标准的宏观经济学分析框架,采用可比较的相关数据,就三大需求对上海GDP的贡献度及投资与消费的相关性作实证研究.     

环保投资与经济增长的协整及因果关系检验——基于1981～2005年的数据分析

使用Granger因果关系检验法检验我国1981～2005年间的环保投资增量和GDP增量的因果性,发现GDP增量的变化是引起环保投资增量变化的原因,通过协整和误差修正模型对两者的长期和短期关系进行了研究。研究发现,我国环保投资增量与GDP增量间存在着可靠的协整关系。这说明随着我国经济的快速持续发展,保持两者的均衡发展具有重要的意义,最后提出基本结论以及相关的政策建议。     

西部地区私营经济发展模式选择

改革开放以来,我国私营经济不断发展壮大,已成为社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分和促进社会生产力发展、社会财富增长的重要力量.据统计,"十五"期间全国私营企业税收增长率一直保持在40%以上,其增长率明显快于全国税收增长率,占全国税收比重从2000年的3.3%提高到2005年的8.7%,2005年私营企业税收总量比2000年增长了6.3倍.     

基于ECM的我国税收弹性实证分析

运用时间数列和计量分析方法,利用1978--2006年我国税收收入和GDP数据,针对1978—1994年和1995--2006年两个阶段分别建立误差修正模型,对我国税收的长期弹性和短期弹性进行分析。研究结果发现：1978—1994年我国税收的长期弹性小于其短期弹性;自1995年以来,我国税收弹性发生了显著变化,税收的长期弹性大于其短期弹性。     

The tax-rate induced bond substitution hypothesis and the traditional textbook treatment of the relationship between tax-free and taxable bond yields

ABSTRACT

This empirical study posits and tests the ‘tax-rate induced bond substitution hypothesis,’ wherein the propensity for bond buyers to substitute tax-exempt municipal bonds for taxable bonds in their portfolios is hypothesized to be an increasing function of the maximum federal personal income tax rate. This substitution acts to elevate the real interest rate yield on taxable bonds while diminishing it on tax-exempt bonds, ceteris paribus. Two measures of real interest rates are included in the present analysis, ex post real interest rate and ex ante real interest rate. Empirical estimations for the 1981–2018 period provide strong support for the hypothesis. They reveal that the real interest rate yield on high-grade tax-exempt municipal bonds is a decreasing function of the maximum marginal federal personal income tax, whereas the real interest rate yield on taxable ten-year Treasury notes is an increasing function of that same tax rate. We examine the implications of this study and the information underlying it for the traditional formulaic textbook treatment of the relationship between yields on bonds whose interest rate payments are taxable versus those whose interest rate payments are tax exempt and find it is not as dependable as the textbooks would have us believe.     

我国省际间财政差异趋势与影响因素的实证研究

本文通过1980-2005年间的样本数据,揭示1980年以来我国省际间财政差异的变化趋势,以及这种变化趋势的影响因素.我们的研究表明,在财政收入方面,受地区经济差异加大的影响,1994年以后财政收入差异有扩大态势,而分税制改革有助于缩小省际间财政收入差异.在财政支出方面,1995年以后财政支出差异呈上升趋势,这是地区间经济发展水平差异与分税制共同作用的结果,但是前者的作用远远大于后者.因此,缩小省际间财政差异的途径除转移支付外,还应当主要致力于缩小省际间经济发展水平差异.     

Government Spending, Taxation, and Oil Revenues in Mexico

The paper analyzes the intertemporal relationship between oil duties, taxes, government spending, and GDP in Mexico during the 1981–98 period. The results from estimating a VAR model, impulse response functions, and variance decompositions on the quarterly series of taxes, government spending, oil duties, and GDP suggest that there seems to be a substitution effect between oil duties and tax revenues, and that tax revenues are not able to absorb temporary decreases in oil duties. Also, increases in tax revenue might lead to increasing government spending, but short–run increases in government spending are not likely to lead to political pressure to reduce the expected budget deficit via increased taxation and/or oil revenues. Lastly, GDP is not stimulated in the short–run by temporary increases in government spending and, thus, stabilization measures adopted in recent years to reduce the size of the government are not likely to significantly undermine GDP growth.     

Export Variety,Revenue, and Productivity in China

In this paper I argue through empirical testing that it is the underlying export variety that helps to explain the strong correlation between China's provincial export revenue and productivity. The empirical model maps export varieties into provincial GDP functions with multiple sectors by price index theory. By employing panel data that covers all 31 executive districts of mainland China from 1998 to 2005, I find that export varieties, via export revenue, significantly affect productivity: it accounts for 44.1% of interprovincial TFP differences and 36.6% of within‐province TFP growth; a 10% increase in export variety leads to a 1.4% productivity growth in China.     

交通基础设施投资对中国经济增长影响的分析

1978—2012年中国国内生产总值(GDP)年均增长超过9%,被世界称为"中国奇迹",超前发展的基础设施是中国实现奇迹不容忽视的重要因素。利用1978—2011年数据研究交通基础设施投资对中国经济增长的作用,结果表明,交通基础设施与经济增长存在着长期稳定的均衡关系,基础设施投资经济增长存在正溢出效应。     

中国各省区市创业板上市公司分布与GDP的关系分析

分别计量分析了各省区市创业板上市公司的数量、总市值、总利润、平均市盈率与各省区市GDP总量和人均值的关系,发现创业板上市公司的数量、总市值的区域分布主要与各区域的GDP总量和人均值有较大的关系,而创业板上市公司总利润、平均市盈率与GDP总量和人均值的关系强度较弱。创业板上市公司的上市数量在各省区市之间的分配,可能主要不是依赖于各创业型公司的质量。有计划成为创业板上市公司的企业,若注册在GDP总量或人均值比较靠前的东部省份,其成功上市的概率更高。     

Hourly wage rate and taxable labor income responsiveness to changes in marginal tax rates

Recently, a voluminous literature estimating the taxable income elasticity has emerged as an important field in empirical public economics. However, to a large extent it is still unknown how the hourly wage rate, an important component of taxable income, reacts to changes in marginal tax rates. In this study we use a rich panel data set and a sequence of tax reforms that took place in Sweden during the 1980s to estimate the elasticity of the hourly wage rate as well as the taxable labor income elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax rate. We also estimate elasticities with respect to the non-labor income in a way that is novel in the literature. While carefully accounting for the endogeneity of marginal tax rates we find a statistically significant response in wage rates both among married men and women. The estimates of the hourly wage rate elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax rate fall in the range of 0.14–0.16 for males and 0.41–0.57 for females, whereas the corresponding taxable labor income elasticity estimates hover between 0.19–0.21 for males and 0.96–1.44 for women. Moreover, for men we find that the taxable labor income elasticity with respect to non-labor income is statistically significant; the point estimate being ? 0.07. This implies that the compensated taxable labor income elasticity is about 5 percentage points higher than the uncompensated one. In general, we consider the estimates for males to be more certain and robust than the estimates for females.     

Trade policy reform and international trade tax revenue in Uganda

This paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between tariff reform and customs tax revenue by explicitly capturing the institutional features of decision making in the econometric modeling. The results show that exchange rate depreciation has had pass through effects to the domestic market price of imports which reduces trade tax revenue to GDP ratio in the long run, though it increases trade tax revenue in the short term. There are also seasonal patterns in the short term trade tax payment. The results point to some scope to harness the benefits associated with trade policy reform without having to worry a lot about its effects on trade (and overall) tax revenue. In fact, it would be possible to realise modest increases in trade tax revenue if the exemption regime were to be reviewed and if there was capacity to contain the disruptive impact of sharp exchange rate depreciations.