不确定性、居民资产组合行为与中国金融结构变迁

转轨经济的一个显著特点是各项制度不断变化,制度变迁带来的不确定性对居民资产选择行为有重要影响,进而影响和决定了金融结构的形成与变迁.遵循这一理论逻辑,本文利用一个无限期界连续时间"消费一资产组合"模型,分析了制度冲击导致的不确定性对我国居民消费一资产组合行为与金融结构变迁的影响,为我国金融结构量性增长和结构失调提供了一种理论解释.在此基础上,本文提出了优化我国金融结构的政策建议.     

工业化国家金融制度的变迁

金融制度影响一国经济及金融的发展和金融绩效。而工业化国家金融制度是随市场环境、金融竞争、金融管理等方面的变化而变迁。但制度变迁过程中又体现了其内在的逻辑关系。随着国际经济一体化、全球化的发展 ,制度变迁也显示出其趋向。     

制度变迁、金融结构与经济增长--基于中国的实证研究

本文采用理论分析与实证分析相结合的研究方法,从理论上分析了制度变迁、金融结构调整与经济增长三者之间的相互作用机理;从实证上通过在金融结构与经济增长模型中引入能够综合反映制度变迁的制度变量,验证了国家制度变迁对一国金融结构与经济增长会起到促进或制约的作用.当制度供给与金融结构和经济增长对制度的需求达到均衡时,国家制度安排会优化金融结构、促进经济增长,否则便会出现规模与效率的"反比"现象,从而回答了转型国家规模与效率的悖论问题,进而给出了我国金融结构升级的选择路径及相关政策建议.     

民间金融制度变迁的经济学解释——一个新政治经济学视角

作为民营经济支持的主力,民间金融有制度变迁的内在动力。我国民间金融制度的变迁同样表现出很强的制度变迁特征,而地方政府在制度变迁过程中的中间作用不容忽视。这其中折射出相关利益主体的反复博弈,并最终表现为需求诱致型制度变迁,推动民间金融通过法治化进程向民主化方向演进。     

试析非正式制度变迁与经济行为之关系——以义利观在近代的发展变化为例

制度是人为设计,构造政治、经济和社会相互关系的一系列约束,它由非正式制度和正式制度共同构成。其中非正式制度及其变迁对经济行为的发生存在着重要的影响。文章就中国传统的义利观这种非正式制度在近代的发展变化为例,探求非正式制度、非正式制度变迁与经济行为之间的关系。     

试析非正式制度变迁与经济行为之关系--以义利观在近代的发展变化为例

制度是人为设计,构造政治、经济和社会相互关系的一系列约束,它由非正式制度和正式制度共同构成。其中非正式制度及其变迁对经济行为的发生存在着重要的影响。本文就中国传统的义利观这种非正式制度在近代的发展变化为例,探求非正式制度、非正式制度变迁与经济行为之间的关系。     

浅析我国金融制度的变迁

一个制度的变迁方式,主要看这个社会的权力机构之间的博弈和协商,而我国金融制度变化乃至整个经济制度变迁的核心重要表现于政府供给主导型变迁让位于需求主导型制度变迁.由于"国家悖论"、政府效用函数最大化以及政府偏好序列的约束,及各个既得利益集团为获取制度租金而采取的博弈,使政府供给主导型的强制性金融制度变迁具有强势路径依赖的特征,锁定在低效状态.本文主要以相关理论为依据以我国金融制度的历史变迁为背景,阐述我国金融制度变迁的及发展的进程.     

浅析国际金融制度在我国的变迁

一个制度的变迁方式,主要看这个社会的权力机构之间的博弈和协商,而我国金融制度变化乃至整个经济制度变迁的核心重要表现于政府供给主导型变迁让位于需求主导型制度变迁。由于"国家悖论"、政府效用函数最大化以及政府偏好序列的约束,及各个既得利益集团为获取制度租金而采取的博弈,使政府供给主导型的强制性金融制度变迁具有强势路径依赖的特征,锁定在低效状态。本文主要以相关理论为依据以我国金融制度的历史变迁为背景,阐述我国金融制度变迁及发展的进程。     

制度扭曲环境中的金融安排:温州案例

制度安排之间具有一定的互补性,一旦由政府决定的强制型制度被确定,诱致型制度变迁也随即被选择,完成制度的整体功能。在金融制度扭曲的情形下,强制型制度变迁和诱致型制度变迁在金融发展中各自发挥不同的作用。     

西部金融组织成长及金融结构的变迁

文章从金融制度变迁和组织成长的关系出发,通过理论范式进行推演,并利用实证分析比较东西部金融市场组织结构及其绩效,深入剖析西部金融市场组织结构特征,揭示影响西部金融市场组织成长的因素,从而找到加快发展西部金融市场的有效途径,并试图找出转轨时期金融制度变迁的逻辑线索。     

Do differences in attitudes explain differences in national climate change policies?

In meeting the threat posed by climate change nations have responded quite differently. Using an extensive data set this study explores factors that affect individuals' attitudes towards climate change and how those attitudes ultimately affect national climate change policy. The results show that attitudes do indeed matter in implementing policy and that attitudes are shaped not only by how individuals react to the specific attributes of climate change, but also by information, by the openness of society and by attitudes toward the trustworthiness of government.     

Technological Change in Australian Manufacturing

In the modern era, the extent and character of technical change features prominently in discussions of productivity growth and movements in the competitiveness of manufacturing. While technical change is pervasive in modern manufacturing, it occurs unevenly. In this study, technical change is estimated by fitting dual cost functions for each of 38 sectors of Australian manufacturing over the 32 year period, 1968–69 to 1999–2000. The estimates show that technical change is heavily labour-saving in all industries, but that the overall rate of change, as measured by a rate of cost diminution, and the degree of bias towards saving labour, rather than capital or material, varies substantially across industries.     

基于SDA法的能源消费影响关键要素分析

基于投入产出结构因数分解法,本文分行业研究了影响中国能源消费的关键要素,将影响能源消费变动的因素分解为能源强度变化、技术系数变化、国内最终消费比例变化、资本形成总额比例变化、出口比例和进口比例变化以及最终需求总量变化等6个指标。研究结果显示,技术系数变化是影响中国能源需求量变动的最主要因素;能源强度变化、出口比例和进口比例变化也是影响能源消费量变动的主要因素。在影响中国能源消费变化的各行业中,电力、蒸气及水的生产和供应业,金属产品制造业等6个行业对中国能源消费具有重要影响。     

Climate change and spatial agricultural development in Turkey

This paper investigates the impact of climate change on the spatial distribution of agricultural production in Turkey between 2004 and 2019. Our findings show that climate change has a pervasive impact on agricultural development. The empirical results show that the average temperature is negatively associated with agricultural land use, grain, and legume production. Moreover, regional variability analyses reveal the nonmonotonic relationships between climatic factors and agricultural output. Climate change hurts agricultural production in northern and central regions the most. This finding points out the ineffectiveness of one-size-fits-all-type policies for mitigating the adverse effects of climate change in topography with sizeable spatial dissimilarities. Overall, our results suggest that climate change will significantly threaten the evolution of agricultural activities that are critical for regional development. In addition, findings show that spatial spillovers and heterogeneity will be crucial for designing climate change policies for rural and agricultural development.     

The Role of Government Assistance in Structural Change in Manufacturing: Australian Evidence

By the 1970s the Australian manufacturing sector was, by OECD standards, small, fragmented and inward looking. Successive Australian Federal Governments have since responded by progressively reducing levels of assistance to manufacturing in an effort to promote structural change. In this article we investigate whether these lower levels of assistance have accelerated the pace of structural change by estimating an empirical model using a pooled cross-section time-series data set. Our results suggest that reduced levels of assistance to manufacturing have had a positive impact on the pace of structural change in the Australian manufacturing sector. In addition, we find that taxes on factor inputs can be expected to impede structural change, and it would appear that structural change proceeds at a faster pace in more specialised manufacturing sectors.     

Decomposing Poverty Change: Deciphering Change in Total Population and Beyond

In the understanding of decomposing poverty change, the growth effect of mean income is replaced with the growth effect of total income and the impact of change in total population. These two, along with changes in inequality, form the three broader effects that can be computed in multiple ways depending upon the base period and the sequence of calculation. Changing the base does not alter the broader effects while specific attributions within each effect get interchanged. For a given base, there will be six possible sequences and we take an average of these to compute the three broad effects. Finally, poverty change on account of the three broad effects comprising growth of total income, change in inequality, and change in total population are shown as part of the within‐group effect while change in population shares, which is different from change in total population, is a between‐group effect. We provide empirical illustrations with data from India.     

Modelling change in individual characteristics: An axiomatic framework

Economic models describe individuals by underlying characteristics, such as the degree to which they like music, have sympathy, want success, need recognition, etc. In reality, such characteristics change through experiences: taste for Mozart changes through attending concerts, sympathy through meeting people, etc. Models typically ignore change, partly because it is unclear how to incorporate it. I develop a general axiomatic framework for defining, analysing and comparing rival models of change. Seemingly basic postulates on modelling change have strong implications, like irrelevance of the order in which someone has his experiences and ‘linearity’ of change. This paper is a step towards placing the modelling of change on axiomatic grounds and enabling non-arbitrary incorporation of change into economic models.     

Dynamic productivity growth and its determinants in the Indonesian food and beverages industry

ABSTRACT

This research investigates dynamic productivity growth and its determinants in the Indonesian food and beverages industry decomposing dynamic productivity growth into the contributions of dynamic technical inefficiency change, dynamic technical change, and dynamic scale inefficiency change. The empirical application employs unbalanced panel data of 44 subsectors in the Indonesian food and beverages industry over 1990–2014. To estimate dynamic productivity growth, this research uses a Luenberger indicator accounting for the presence of adjustment costs. The results show that dynamic productivity growth exhibits a decreasing trend. Dynamic technical inefficiency change and dynamic scale inefficiency change contribute positively to dynamic productivity growth, while dynamic technical change contributes negatively. Dynamic productivity growth is affected by the change in industrial concentration, the growth rate of capital intensity, the growth rate of exports, the growth rate of foreign direct investment, and location.     

差异化组织变革情境下如何让员工更有创造力——基于创造力交互理论的组态分析

从创造力交互理论出发,以中国企业研发岗位员工为研究样本,运用fsQCA方法对企业中激发员工创造力的个体、领导、组织等多层面影响因素进行组态分析。探讨不同组织变革情境下组织多层面因素在员工高创造力产生过程中的差异机制,发现两种组织变革情境下3种激发员工创造力的路径模式,即激进性变革情境下的激情驱动模式和领导驱动模式,以及渐进性变革情境下的类亲情驱动模式。组织管理者可以根据不同的变革情境选择合适的管理方法,激发创新以推进变革进程。     

Technological Progress versus Efficiency Gain in Manufacturing Sectors

This study decomposes the nonparametric Malmquist productivity index for 36 Korean manufacturing sectors into two components: technological change and technical efficiency change. The empirical results show that while each sector displays quite different growth patterns, productivity growth is dominated by technological change. Technological change is found to have a negative correlation with efficiency change. Secondary regression performed in this study identifies the relationship between productivity growth measures and several key policy variables, such as effective protection rate, market concentration, and so forth. The productivity estimates are compared with those of the conventional Törnqvist productivity index.