人力资本、技术进步与内生经济增长

在内生增长理论中，卢卡斯认为人力资本积累是经济增长的原动力。罗默则认为技术进步是经济增长的源泉。本构建了一个内生增长模型，以解释人力资本积累和技术进步共同推动经济增长的机制。     

区域人力资本差异成因分析

一、区域人力资本差异西方新增长理论将人力资本纳入到了经济增长模型当中,认为专业化的知识和人力资本积累内生了技术进步,而知识的外溢性或人力资本的外部性保证了技术进步,使经济范围的规模收益递增,从而使经济长期持续增长。人力资本理论的创始人之一舒尔茨也论证了人力资本投资是经济增长的主要源泉,经济发展过程中人力资本投资收益率要高于物质资本投资收益率,而且人力资本较快地增长对于收入均等化和国际经济关系改善都起着很大的作用。区域经济实力直接取决于区域拥有的物质资本和人力资本,但在知识经济时代,人力资本对经济增长的贡…     

内生经济增长理论框架下的市场失效与财政政策

内生经济增长理论认为,知识和人力资本的外部效应与创新带来的垄断势力推动经济增长的同时,也会带来非帕雷托最优的经济增长收入分配的不公平,将阻碍经济增长;加快知识和人力资本积累、促进技术进步以及缓解收入分配不公平的财政政策能纠正市场失效,使长期经济增长达到社会最优.     

对新增长理论的改进与发展

在索洛的新古典增长理论中，技术进步是作为外生变量，其缺陷是没有正确反映经济增长和技术进步二者之间的内在联系。以罗默的“研发模型”和卢卡斯的“人力资本模型”为代表的新增长理论，则克服了这一缺点，把技术进步和人力资本积累看作为内生为量，然而新增长理论不足之处是它把储蓄率和人口增长率当作外生为量，本文在分析经济增长和储蓄率、人口增长率之间的内在变化规律基础上，把储蓄率和人口增长率当作内生变量，并分析经济增长遥变化规律。     

现代增长理论中的技术进步

在经济增长过程中，技术进步起着极为重要的作用。现代增长理论的重要特征是通过构建生产函数建立经济增长模型，从而分析各因素对经济增长的影响。经济增长模型的发展经历了从最初假定没有技术进步，将经济增长仅看作劳动力和资本存量扩张的结果；到假定技术进步是外生的，人均产出的持续增长来自技术进步；再到假定所有技术变迁都是内生的、渐进的，源于“干中学”生产中累积的经验、教育，以及人力资本的积累、研发投入或劳动专业化。由此看出，技术进步在现代增长理论中经历了一个从无到有、从外生到内生的发展过程。     

国际技术扩散与经济收敛:一个文献综述

一、引言 在Romer(1986,1990)开创的内生增长理论中,他将技术进步作为经济增长的重要源动力,建立了一个"技术变迁驱动"的经济增长模型,认为经济增长是由技术进步引起的,而技术进步是追求利润最大化的决策者最优决策的结果.此后,Lucas(1988)指出在开放经济中,技术创新是由"干中学"等因素内生决定的;人力资本的存量对于"干中学"的吸收能力至关重要,并决定了经济的增长率.内生经济增长理论为解释发达国家持续的经济增长提供了理论依据.     

基于分工和报酬递增的经济增长理论演进

文章对分工、报酬递增和经济增长相关理论的演进进行了梳理和总结.古典经济增长理论奠定了思想基础.其中,斯密理论是通过拓展新的分工实现内生和自我持续增长理论的基础;马克思关于分工形式的划分推进了对于报酬递增机制的认识;杨格开创了分工、报酬递增和经济增长的动态分析思路.内生增长理论以技术进步、知识资本和人力资本积累促进经济增长为核心,将分工和技术进步、知识积累紧密联系起来,以分工为重要分析框架论证报酬递增和长期经济增长的实现,吸收和发展了分工理论.内生增长理论和相关模型分别依循由古典经济学开创的两种分工观进行分析,对分工、报酬递增和经济 增长的相关理论和模型进行了重要扩展和充实.     

经济增长理论演进与经济增长模型浅析

古典经济增长理论十分强调物质资本的作用,这种对资本积累作用的强调,形成了经济增长理论中的“资本决定论”;新古典经济增长强调了技术因素对经济增长的关键作用,相对于单纯强调资本作用的“唯资本论”来说,这是一次巨大的进步;新经济增长理论认为,经济增长就是一个以知识积累为基础,技术进步、人力资本积累、劳动分工演进和制度变迁等诸因素共同作用的社会过程,并分别从技术变化、人力资本积累、制度变迁、分工演进的角度,提出了新的经济增长模型,使经济增长理论研究的侧重点和方向发生了转移。     

金融发展促进经济内生增长机制评述

20世纪80年代末兴起的内生经济增长理论，为肇始于20世纪70年代初的金融发展理论的进一步发展提供了强大动力。金融发展理论与内生经济增长理论的迅速融合，不仅使金融发展理论进入一个新阶段，也改变着经济增长理论注重实体经济而漠视货币与金融部门的历史。为对金融体系促进经济内生增长的机制进行深入分析，本文拟从资本积累、技术进步和人力资本积累等机制入手，系统综述西方学者有关金融发展与经济内生增长的论述。     

农村金融发展对农村经济增长的作用机理——基于内生增长理论的实证研究

基于内生增长理论的农村金融发展作用于农村经济增长的主要机理是农村金融发展通过储蓄效应、投资效应和资源配置效应推动物质资本积累、人力资本积累和技术进步,以促进农村经济增长。实证研究表明,农村金融发展通过规模促进农村经济增长的渠道是有效的;农村金融发展通过提高效率促进农村经济增长的渠道是无效的,也即当前农村金融发展效率不能促进农村经济增长。     

人口老龄化对经济影响的模型与实证

人口老龄化对我国经济增长影响正在日益加深,本文以索洛模型与道格拉斯生产函数为基础,将人口老龄化因素引入经济增长模型,推导了人口老龄化所带来的经济增长的路径问题,试图探讨人口老龄化是如何影响经济增长的。     

Patent protection, capital accumulation, and economic growth

In this paper, we investigate how strengthening patent protection affects economic growth in an endogenous growth model where both innovation and capital accumulation are the driving forces of economic growth. In this model, stronger patent protection raises the profit flow obtained by innovation but reduces the factor demand for capital. This process accelerates innovation but discourages capital accumulation, and because of the negative effect on economic growth through reducing capital accumulation, strengthening patent protection may then impede economic growth. This result contrasts with earlier studies where innovation is the sole driving force for economic growth. Moreover, in an open economy model where technologies are transferred and capital is imported from abroad, the strictest protection of patents enhances technology adoption from abroad but impedes capital accumulation, and thus, the relation derived between patent protection and output can be nonmonotone. In terms of implications, these findings may be able to partly explain the complex relation found by some empirical studies in this area.     

Credit cards and aggregate money demand

This paper attempts to assess the effect of the growth in the use of credit cards upon aggregate household money holdings. In an inventory theoretic structure, when individuals have the choice of whether to use a credit card as an alternative means of payments, and with a given income distribution, the aggregate money demand relation is derived. It is shown that the existence of an alternative means of payment changes the predictions on the relevant elasticities from the standard model, and makes them variable over time, and gives some indication of how credit card growth causes shifts in aggregate money demand.     

Inequality and growth: the neglected time dimension

Inequality affects economic performance through many mechanisms, both beneficial and harmful. Moreover, some of these mechanisms tend to set in fast while others are rather slow. The present paper (i) introduces a simple theoretical model to study how changes in inequality affect economic growth over different time horizons; (ii) empirically investigates the inequality–growth relationship, thereby relying on specifications derived from the theory. Our empirical findings are in line with the theoretical predictions: Higher inequality helps economic performance in the short term but reduces the growth rate of GDP per capita farther in the future. The long-run (or total) effect of higher inequality tends to be negative.     

1981-2002年间国际金融组织贷款对中国经济增长的贡献研究

改革开放以来,国际金融组织贷款一直是我国对外借款的重要来源,其所占比例始终维持在40%左右,累计金额已达数百亿美元.这些贷款对中国经济增长的影响如何,这方面的研究十分少见.本文以柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的派生模型为基础建立了修正模型,分别利用1978年以来的国家和省级两层数据,对上述问题作了一个尝试性的评价.我们的计量分析结果表明,在1990年前后,国际金融组织贷款对中国经济增长的贡献存在差异.对不同地区的增长贡献也差异较大,表明不同的政策环境与援助性贷款的相互作用结果是不同的.     

The Agency Cost of Internal Collusion and Schumpeterian Growth

This paper analyses the link between the internal organization of the firm and the growth process. We present a Schumpeterian growth model in which monopoly firms face agency costs due to collusion between managers inside the organization. These costs affect incentives to invest and the rate of innovation in the economy. When collusion is self-enforcing, higher growth and more creative destruction shortens in turn the time horizon of colluding agents in the organization and makes internal collusion more difficult to sustain. We analyse this two-way mechanism between growth and agency problems and show how the transaction costs of side-contracting within the firm and the growth rate of the economy are simultaneously derived.     

企业家合约与经济增长

基于奥地利学派关于市场过程是一个"企业家生成过程"的理念,本文将企业家生成于市场过程的问题与企业家合约的缔结和执行问题联系了起来,采用数理分析的方法模型化了联体企业家合约的生成过程,并从企业家合约的生成中推出了经济增长的数理表达式。就企业家合约生成而言,创意者和经营者的结合形成一个联体企业家,创意者对剩余索取权的最优要求随自己对经营者才干的预期以及对经营者的监管效率的增加而提高,经营者、投资者对其资产(才干、财富)报酬的要求与信息对称程度、失败残值大小呈反向关系,而与资产价格指数呈正向关系。经济增长速度和创意价值、激励效率和社会诚信等因素呈现正向关系,而与资产价格呈反向关系。     

Is Monetary Policy Too Tight?

Monetary policy has steadily become tighter over the past twelve months. In various statements, the Government has indicated its view that monetary policy needs to be tight in order to subdue an 'excessively high' rate of growth of domestic demand. This article asks whether the current stance of monetary policy is now too restrictive and, if so, what the consequences might be for the pattern and growth of economic activity during 1989-90. A number of scenarios based on alternative settings of monetary policy in 1989-90 are derived from a short-term simulation model of the Australian economy. The scenarios suggest that, if monetary policy remains at the current degree of tightness, the Australian economy may well experience a recession in 1989-90. Some easing of monetary conditions is mandatory if a sharp and unnecessary slowdown of economic activity is to be avoided. Exactly how far monetary policy should be eased depends crucially on the rate of growth of autonomous investment.     

Some political determinants of economic growth: Theory and empirical implications

This work studies the effects of the political environs on economic growth. The theoretical result from a mathematical model suggests that regime instability, political polarization, and government repression all have a negative impact on economic growth. A cross-sectional analysis of 88 countries over the period of 1974–1990 provides preliminary confirmation of three implications derived from the theoretical model.     

Micro-foundation for a constant elasticity of substitution production function through mechanization

We consider an increase in the range of capital use as a form of mechanization. A constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function is dynamically derived from Leontief production functions through the endogenous complementary relationship between capital accumulation and mechanization. This implies that a CES production function can be resolved into technological change that does not involve changes in total factor productivity. Furthermore, using the normalizing procedure of the CES production function developed by de La Grandville [de La Grandville, O., 1989. In quest of the Slutsky diamond. American Economic Review 79, 468–481], we investigate how mechanization is related to the elasticity of substitution in our endogenous growth model.