国有企业员工激励机制探讨

目前国有企业暴露出很多不足之处,94年实施社会主义市场经济体制改革以后,大多数国有企业还是没有走出困境.基于“以人为本”思想,只有通过员工激励才能改变这一局面.本文分析了国有企业员工激励机制存在的问题,结合员工激励理论探讨出通过合理的物质激励与精神激励相结合、员工参与管理及改变管理方式这三种手段来解决这些存在的问题.     

国际趋同背景下审计准则的全球公共产品属性分析

一、审计准则的公共产品属性 1.公共产品属性的两个层次.根据著名经济学家萨缪尔森的观点,公共产品是具有消费的非排他性和非竞争性等特征的产品.长期以来,许多关于公共产品的问题都是在一国范围或者某一特定区域之内来进行探讨.伴随着全球化的发展,许多以前在国家内部能够解决的问题需要通过国际协调来解决,就在国家公共产品的基础上提出了全球公共产品的概念.     

发展中国家国际储备增长不是世界通货紧缩的根源

如果从货币角度来讨论世界通货紧缩,主要是考虑国际清偿力的供给是否满足世界经济发展的需要.在国际清偿力不充足的情况下,一国弥补国际收支暂时性逆差只能依靠紧缩国内需求或求助于外汇管制和货币贬值,而这些措施的普遍实施将把各国经济拖入通货紧缩的困境.20世纪30年代的世界性大萧条与当时国际清偿力供给不足有着密切关系.但是,当前世界经济通货紧缩的根源并不在于发展中国家国际储备的迅速增长.     

略论我国农村公共物品供给的多元化融资

农村公共物品是农村经济发展的基础和必备条件,在现行的农村公共物品融资模式下,融资渠道狭窄,农村公共物品供给存在资金瓶颈.我国应选择多元化的融资渠道,解决农村公共物品供给中资金不足的问题.     

社会组织供给公共文化服务财政激励研究——基于因子方法的实证分析

全球性的文化碰撞与竞争,显现出我国公共文化服务发展动力不足,重要原因是社会组织等社会力量的供给主体作用尚未充分彰显,这与财政激励粗放不无关系。本文以善治视角下社会组织供给公共文化服务的财政激励问题为研究对象,通过构建社会组织供给公共文化服务指标体系,采用因子分析方法,对我国31个省级行政区社会组织供给公共文化服务的总体情况进行分析,寻找其主要影响因素,进而探究引导社会组织参与公共文化服务供给的财政激励路径。     

农村公共品供给问题研究

保障农村公共产品的供给是解决"三农"问题的一个关键环节。本文简要介绍了农村公共产品的涵义,指出了我国农村公共产品供给中存在的问题,分析了产生这些问题的原因,提出了解决这些问题的措施。     

公共产品市场化供给研究——兼论政府职能的转变

福利经济学主流观点认为公共产品只能由政府供给,市场方式供给公共产品是低效率的。随着经济自由主义和反国家干预思潮在西方的兴起,经济学家开始探索通过市场方式供给公共产品。本文主要围绕有关公共产品的争论、私人提供公共产品的可能性、必要性、实现方式和困境等方面展开论述,并讨论了公共产品市场供给对政府职能的影响。     

城镇化进程中基础设施投融资模式探讨——基于公共经济学视角

本文基于公共经济学的视角,论述基础设施的公共品属性,以及公共经济学和科斯定理对基础设施供给模式的论述,以此分析我国当前基础设施融投资供给模式中的主要问题,并试图通过国际比较和经典案例来为高速城镇化背景下我国的基础设施投资供给、融资建造提供新的思路。     

新农村建设下的公共产品供给问题探讨

农村公共产品,是指相对于农民"私人产品"而言的具有非竞争性和排他性、用于满足农村公共需要的产品或服务,农村公共产品根据在消费过程中的不同性质,又可区分为纯公共产品和准公共产品。农村公共产品涉及农村公共设施、公共事业、公共福利、公共服务等各个领域,是建设社会主义新农村的关键所在。由于城乡二元结构和农业税取消等原因,致使农村公共产品供给不足,制约了新农村建设目标的实现。因此回顾农村公共产品供给制度的变迁,分析现阶段新农村建设下农村公共产品供给存在的主要问题,从而寻求缓解新农村建设下公共产品供给困境的具体路径具有了一定的现实意义。     

慈善捐赠、公共物品的自愿提供与非营利组织

提供公共物品的非营利组织是市场经济中不可或缺的组织之一.非营利组织主要依靠人们的自愿机制运行,人们自愿捐赠背后原因的复杂性和实际捐赠行为的影响因素共同决定了人们的捐赠决策.根据我国非营利组织资金困境的不同原因,采取相应的政策措施,化解非营利组织的资金困境,提高公共物品的供给水平.激励人们自愿捐赠的税制设计需要考虑税价弹性与收入弹性;政府对公共物品的支出需要考虑"挤出效应";非营利组织的服务收费可以与政府购买相结合.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…