用求导的方法检测人体数字图像的边缘

人体测量是服装设计和服装生产中十分重要的基础性工作。目前，市场上涌现出大量的非接触人体测量仪，它们不用接触人体，而利用计算机、图像、光和波的形式即可完成人体的测量，并且测量的速度快、准确性高。其中二维非接触测量以其成本低廉、操作简便等特点成为非接触测量的重要分支。二维非接触式人体测量系统通常采用CCD摄像机拍摄人体的正、侧面来获取人体的数字图像，并从中提取有效的尺寸信息，完成人体各部尺寸的测量。如何从图像中获得准确的人体边缘信息是二维非接触测量系统的关键技术。     

不同测量手段下男青年人体尺寸差异产生原因初探

分别利用3D人体扫描仪、手工测量两种手段对19-24岁辽宁地区70名男青年人体进行测量,发现两种测量状态下的人体数据有不同大小的差异,笔者经过多次反复实验得出测量时的站立姿态、三维人体扫描仪器的相机探头数量对人体各部位的尺寸测量有较大影响。     

基于三维人体测量的青年女性体型分类研究

通过选取天津某企业的18—25岁的251名青年女性,利用非接触式三维人体扫描仪获得人体各部位的尺寸数据。然后对这些数据进行分析和处理。利用因子分析法提取四个因子;再以因子的得分为分类项目,利用K—mean聚类算法进行体型分类;最后结合我国服装号型标准,对该企业的18—25岁的青年女性体型进行细分,为人体尺寸数据库的建立提供了方便。     

服装对人体体型的修饰设计研究

在生活中,人们穿着服装除了考虑舒适合体、方便实用,更是为了产生美、增添美。鉴于这一情况,本文提出了基于女性人体审美角度的女装设计理论,指出服装的设计必须从人体审美的角度出发,运用美学原理,设计出与人体体型特征相适应、突出和增添人体美的服装。     

基于"个性"美感的女性基型结构设计的研究

目前市场上的女装版型相似款式雷同,已不能满足女性的着装需求,当今女性更多的追求个性美。针对现状,本文从突出女性自我个性和自我塑形的着装审美角度研究人体各部位理想比例基型尺寸数据,解决人体与美化人体结构尺寸之间差异的平衡关系,设计出具有既突出个性的人体特征又满足女性弥补人体缺陷及自身塑形的美感基型,通过服装的修饰满足女性心理需求,同时对服装企业和高端服装定制的版型有一定的参考价值。     

基于纹理分割的视频人体检测

提出一种新的基于图模型纹理分割的视频人体检测方法。首先利用帧间拆分与背景拆分相结合的方式对人体进行粗分割;然后确定目标区域,利用高斯图模型建立纹理模型。通过变量选择和参数估计对纹理特征进行分析,并计算纹理图像的最大后验概率,将纹理后验概率大的归到一类。将基于图模型的纹理分割方法应用到视频检测,实验显示了很好的效果。     

浅谈服装空间与人体姿态美的关联性

人是具有三维立体空间及富含动态美感的复杂综合体,而人体则是服装的载体。因此,服装应当同样具备一定的三维立体空间。而人体与服装之间的空间关联性主要表现有硬性与软性这两个方面。服装的硬性空间是指:服装与人体在穿着状态时所展示出来的皮肤与面料之间"合"与"离"的关系;而服装的软性空间主要是指:当设计并制作好的服装穿着在人体上,服装与人体融为一体,并以艺术品的形式展示出来的感官性空间。因此,服装软、硬性空间的设计与人体美有着密不可分的内在必然联系。深入研究和分析,服装软、硬空间的与人体的关联性,无论是对穿着者还是对设计者来说,都是一个值得关注的问题。     

残疾人服装设计与服装人体工程学

1 引言 随着时代的进步，人们越来越注意到人体工程学的重要性。尤其是近年来“科技以人为本”、“人性化设计”、“人性空间”等理念的推出，更使人体工程学得到了空前的扩张与发展。从人的生理和心理特性出发，创造适合人的安全舒适环境，使人与周围环境达到最佳的和谐统一，这便是人体工程学的最终宗旨。     

论人体形态与服装结构的关系

文章分析了服装与人体的相互关系,揭示了人体形态结构对服装结构的影响及二者相互吻合关系,为服装细部结构设计提供了可靠的依据。     

人体头发合成钻石

最近,中国科学家成功地用人体头发结晶合成钻石。据科学家介绍,采集人体5～10克发丝,经过1800度到3000度之间的高温碳化,再送进类似模拟地壳环境下高温高压结晶,根据克拉数的不同,最低需     

Throwing Good Money After Bad? Cash Infusions and Distressed Real Estate

When a leveraged real estate project experience cash-flow problems, the owner must either inject additional cash or default on the mortgage. We show that it is not optimal for the owner to default as soon as net cash flow becomes negative. Surprisingly, the owner can expropriate some of the mortgage lender's wealth by injecting cash and continuing to pay interest. When the owner has cash constraints, outside investors may be able to extract significant economic rents by financing distressed real estate projects. These results have interesting implications for mortgage lending and the pattern of real estate transaction volume.     

已经发生的未来

“当计算机变得越来越习惯于我们的思想、思维方式、决策过程、甚至是我们的身体和意识时．我们的生活才真正发生了重大的转变。”在青蛙设计公司首席创意官马克·罗斯顿眼中,未来,正裹挟着人类生活的一步步改变,扑面而来。     

基于支持向量机和特征向量提取的人脸识别框架

为了研究支持向量机在人脸识别中的应用,提出了人脸识别框架,该框架首先利用特征向量提取算法对人脸进行特征提取,得到人脸面部纹理特征数据,然后采用支持向量机对提取的数据进行训练,得到人脸模板,并依据人脸模板对人脸进行识别。实验采用ORL人脸数据库作为实验数据,使用LBP算法提取特征向量,使用LIBSVM训练得到人脸模板数据库,当模板人脸数与预测人脸数比值一定时,随着人数增加,其预测的正确率会有所下滑;当人数一定时,人脸模板与预测人脸数值上升,其正确率会有所上升。当选择一个相对合适的模板比例时,正确率将会达到89.29%以上。实验结果表明,提出的框架对于人脸具有良好的识别能力。     

连身袖袖裆结构的优化参数研究

随着服装多元化的发展变革,连身袖的设计逐步由满足服装简单的美观性和宽松性向复杂综合的舒适性和运动功能性发展,其典型特征就是在腋下加入袖裆结构,使其在具有美观性的同时也具有舒适性与运动功能性。对于有袖裆的连身袖结构而言,袖裆是决定连身袖服装隐性袖窿大小的关键,也是关系到袖与身之间的协调、袖身共同承担的服装平服度、人体活动和穿着舒适等的重要因素,同时也对服装的款式、风格变化有着重要的影响。本文将从动态和静态两个角度来研究中性连身袖袖裆宽的变化对服装的外观造型和舒适性的影响,寻求能够同时满足服装静态美感和动态活动量的裆宽最佳取值范围。     

A Range-Based Finite Difference Approach to Valuing Options in Markov Switching Regimes*

Recognizing the inflexibility inherent in standard capital budgeting analysis, recent research has provided new insights using a real options framework. This paper uses the explicit finite difference approach to value real options. However, instead of assuming a constant return and volatility term, we assume that these variables are sensitive to changes in the economic environment. Accordingly, we adapt our approach to incorporate a Markov switching feature. Further, we recognize that some of the modeling assumptions can be violated in a practical application. Therefore, we recommend using range based estimates of the real option value, as opposed to a point estimate.     

Estimating Returns on Commercial Real Estate: A New Methodology Using Latent-Variable Models

Despite their widespreao use as benchmarks of U.S. commercial real estate returns, indexes produced by the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries (NCREIF) are subject to measurement problems that severely impair their ability to capture the true risk–return characteristics–especially volatility–of privately held commercial real estate. We utilize latent-variable statistical methods to estimate an alternative index of privately held (unsecuritized) commercial real estate returns. Latent-variable methods have been extensively applied in the behavioral sciences and, more recently, in finance and economics. Unlike factor analysis or other unconditional statistical approaches, latent variable models allow us to extract interpretable common information about unobserved private real estate returns using the information contained in various competing measures of returns that are measured with error. We find that our latent-variable real estate return series is approximately twice as volatile as the aggregate NCREIF total return index, but less than half as volatile as the NAREIT equity index. Overall, our results strongly support the use of latent-variable statistical models in the construction of return series for commercial real estate.     

改进的YOLOv3-Tiny网络在风机叶片损伤检测中的应用

为了解决YOLOv3-Tiny对无人机采集的风机叶片图像损伤检测精度不高的问题,提出一种基于深度学习的风机叶片图像损伤检测方法。首先提出一种跨越式特征联合网络结构,由卷积层和拼接层构成,将不同深度的特征信息进行融合再学习,提取目标多层级特征信息;其次引入Inception模块结构,其中4个平行通道的多个卷积核对输入的特征图进行组合和压缩,在减少网络的学习参数的同时更好地表征图像特征信息,提高小目标的检测精度。实验表明,改进后算法的检测精度提高了2.69%,在自制的数据集中mAP可以达到88.58%,并且模型的参数缩小了4倍。因此,改进的方法比传统的YOLOv3-Tiny网络具有更好的检测效果。研究结果可为基于图像的损伤检测和风机叶片损伤智能识别提供参考。     

主成分分析方法及其在各仪器分析中的应用

主成分分析是在尽可能保留原有信息的基础上将高维空间中的样本映射到较低维的主成分空间中,使数据矩阵简化,降低维数,寻找少数几个由原始变量线性组合的主成分,以揭示数据结构特征,提取化学信息。随着计算机技术及其应用的发展,作为化学计量学基础的主成分分析方法在仪器分析中的应用越来越广泛,综述了自20世纪90年代至今主成分分析方法在各仪器分析中的应用。     

Assessing the product architecture decision about product features – a real options approach

Product architecture decisions impact how a firm can introduce new products to the market and are therefore strategically important. This article presents an approach to financially assess the product architecture decision about the incorporation of a product feature. If demand for the feature arises, this can be met quickly and at a low implementation cost if the feature has already been included or if the product design has been specially prepared for it. However, if the feature will not be sold, it may be better to not consider it for the current product design or even to optimize the design by specifically excluding it. Four product architecture decisions are conceptually developed and operationalized in an assessment method, using real option reasoning. This method has been developed jointly by university researchers and consultants of Philips Applied Technologies. In a pilot application, the method was practically usable, provided financial insights, and enabled cross‐functional cooperation.     

The Markets for Real Estate Assets and Space: A Conceptual Framework

In this study, we present a simple analytic framework that divides the real estate market into two markets: the market for real estate space and the market for real estate assets. After describing the size and character of flows and stocks in the U.S. real estate market, we use our framework to demonstrate the important connections between the space and asset markets. We illustrate how these real estate markets are affected by the nation's macroeconomy and financial markets, tracing out the impacts resulting from various exogenous shocks on rents, asset prices, construction and the stock of real estate.