“众筹”——新型网络融资模式的概念、特点及启示

近十几年来,由于金融诈骗事件不断,投资者损失惨重,美国证券交易委员会多次颁布法案以限制企业的融资,如2002年的《萨班斯法案》和2009年的《多得弗兰克法案》等。在严格的政策监管下,只有那些信誉良好、盈利能力较强的大企业能在资本市场获得资金,而小企业由于存在较大风险,一般很难从资本市场融资。小企业是美国最为活跃的经济力量,由于资金匮乏,近些年这一重     

小企业融资中的难点与对策

本文通过分析小企业融资的难点,提出以地方中小银行作为融资机构、创造良好监管政策环境、构建多层次的小企业担保体系、推进小企业征信系统建设、积极进行产品创新等对策.     

小企业融资困境与融资机制创新

目前,小企业是我国社会就业的主要力量之一,也是我国企业技术创新的新生力量,但受金融体系及小企业自身缺陷的影响,有相当一部分小企业面临融资困难。本文通过分析小企业面临的融资困境,探讨小企业传统融资机制的缺陷及其成因,力图为缓解小企业融资难题提出融资机制创新的思路。     

五大顽疾制约小企业融资

最近．中国银行业监管委员会发布了《银行开展小企业贷款指导意见》，以期能够得到更多商业银行的信贷扶持，从而支持我国小企业的发展。那么，是什么原因导致小企业融资困难？究其原因，五大顽疾制约小企业融资。     

监管约束下我国商业银行资本增长与融资行为

本文利用年报数据分析了资本要求对银行监管资本增长、融资形式和规模的影响。结果表明,银行面临的资本监管压力是其进行对外融资的直接动因,当监管压力越大时,资本增长越迅速。在外部融资形式的选择方面,银行更多采用股权融资补充核心资本,只有当银行面临的监管压力并不太大时,才更多地使用债券融资补充附属资本。此外,结果还表明银行为避免监管机构惩罚而建立的缓冲资本的数量影响了银行的股权融资规模。     

我国创业投资债权融资途径研究

本文从风险与收益相对称这一基本的投融资原理出发,通过比较创业投资和债权融资方式的异同,结合对美国小企业投资公司案例及其它国际背景的分析,探索我国创业投资与债权融资相结合的途径和方式,提出了通过设立创投企业债权融资风险补偿基金以及借助金融控股公司模式推进创投业杠杆融资的政策建议。     

信息距离对小企业融资影响的国际案例研究

本文认为,小企业之所以存在融资缺口,从其自身原因来看,关键在于它与银行之间存在信息距离。美国小企业融资实践表明,发展关系型贷款,广泛运用信息技术,直至实现小企业信息规模化,对于解决其融资困境意义重大。就我国而言,上述手段的现实意义更加不言而喻。     

国外经验:美国小企业的贸易融资

美国作为一个最大的发达国家,小企业在经济中的作用也非常重要。据美国小企业管理局(SBA)1998年的数据,在美国570万家企业中,小企业占了99%。然而,美国与中国等国家一样,其小企业同样存在融资难的问题。在银行信贷方面,小企业所需的资金缺口至少在20%以上。因而,小企业的外部融资环境相对比较困难。但美国作为一个信用和金融体系高度发达的国家,在完善小企业融资制度方面有其     

中美证券公司融资渠道的比较

证券公司的资金运作状况是影响整个证券市场运作的基石和前提,一个健康良好的证券公司融资体系能够保证证券公司发挥中介机构的作用。拓宽证券公司的融资渠道,从而改善证券公司的资金管理状况,有助于整个证券市场中介机构体系的完善,也有助于证券市场的健康发展。美国是世界上资本市场最发达的国家之一,券商融资监管较少,渠道比较通畅。美国券商的融资渠道主要有: 1.上市。海外券商的自有资本主要通过在证券市场发行股票来筹集。一般来     

国有控股上市公司证券融资方式选择

国有控股上市公司通过证券融资获得资金支持、优化资本结构、促进跨越发展,已成为我国证券市场的重要力量。研究国有控股上市公司证券融资方式,对于国有企业优化融资方式、国资监管部门履行监管职责具有重要意义。文章介绍分析了国有控股上市公司证券融资的各种方式,希望对国有控股上市公司进行证券融资能有一定的参考价值。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.